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Research Objective Overall: To develop an effective and rapidly deployable

control strategy for Ae aegyptiand albopictuspopulations.

Needed for 1) quality of life issues and 2) disease-vectoring populations

Aegypti/albopictus and Dengue control efforts have been aworld-wide failure despite some very real successes with otherspecies and their associated diseases.

Why the Failure? Continued use of ineffective controlstrategies

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Continue to be Stuck on Traditional Methods

Used for Classic Mosquito Breeding Habitat

Traditional Habitat:

-Isolated

-Concentrated breeding

-Easily accessible

- Remote/rural

-Nocturnal adult activity

Domestic Mosquito Habitat

- Amongst residents

- Diffuse

- Difficult to access

-Urban/endophilic

-Daytime active

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There is no Santa Claus.. but in an

Ideal World

Best form of domestic mosquito control is sanitationand source reduction but.

Public wont do it

Forced sanitation is difficult and unpopular (minusmilitary rule case such as Brazil and Cuba)

Education is quickly forgotten

And access is often difficult/impossible (dogs, guns,

knives, fences, labor, time) Scope: 20min/home + 6hr field day = 18homes per day

= 6 acres/day (for 2 inspectors)!!!!

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Yeah, I hear ya I already

pay $40/year in taxes for

mosquito controlIsnt that

what you get paid to do?

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Domestic Complaints received by Manatee County MCD June, July, August 2011

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Six acres/day for 2 employees

25,000 acre areaNeed 4,200 days for 2 people to make a

complete sanitation operation (11.5 yrs)

Or need 140 employees to make the

complete inspection every 30-days

Cost - $7.0 million in direct/indirect

employee costs

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So What Now?

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Research Objective

Evaluate efficacy of ground-

released ULV larvicides, groundULV adulticides, aerial larvicidesand adulticide applications.

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Study Location

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Study Location

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Picture of Truck Spraying

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Methodologies- Ground Applications

Four study sites selected (range145 to 413 acres); all within older residentialneighborhoods in/near Bradenton, FL with history of high domestic mosquito problems

Larvicide Only Adulticide Only

Larvicide & Adulticide

Control

Each test area treated once per week starting in mid-July

Larvicide = Altosid 5% (undiluted) through a VecTec Grizzly at 3psi yielding a VMD of ca.42microns as measured on MgO slide at an application rate of 4.0 fl oz/ac and anassumed 300ft swath

Adulticide = Omega Mist Mac (30:30 permethrin/PBO) through a London Fog 18-20 at

6psi and ca. 15 microns at an application rate of 0.007# ai/ac and an 300 ft swath

Larvicide applications generally made when favorable winds and low thermals existedsimultaneously generally 1 hour prior to sunset.

Adulticide applications made during periods of high aegypti/albopictus activity and low

thermal activity - generally within 1hr of twilight

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Methodologies (cont.)

MeasuredAe. aegyptiand albopictus population dynamics via 30 ovi-traps located within each of the 4 study sites; eggs were collectedand counted weekly (ie; 120 ovi-traps over 4 sites)

Two different ovi-trap designs set at each of the 15 sampling sites

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0.00

0.51

-0.34

0.49

-0.30

1.260.84

2.09

2.63

2.43

1.10

1.49

1.21

0.00 -0.04

0.82

0.26

-0.31

0.01

-0.03

0.60

0.83

0.21 0.17

-0.39

-0.200.00

-0.58-0.55 -0.56

-0.72-0.60

-0.77 -0.76 -0.72 -0.81 -0.72 -0.86 -0.81

0.00

-0.44

-0.62 -0.59

-0.05

0.74

0.06 0.19

0.79

-0.30 -0.35

-0.74

-0.51

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

7/20 7/28 8/3 8/11 8/17 8/24 9/1 9/8 9/14 9/21 9/28 10/5 10/12

RelativePopul

ationGrowth

Efficacy of 3 Techniques for Ae. aegypti and Ae albopictus Control;

Data Normalized by Location to 7/20/2010

Larvicide

Adulticide

Larvicide and Adulticide

Control

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0.00

167.51

72.64

262.00

-25.83

30.32

73.23

159.99

0.00

70.50

377.06

207.51

-27.12 -42.06-8.17

34.622.05

72.3281.17

135.74

62.42

0.00

-25.16

18.027.78

-70.44-76.70 -78.30 -80.08 -84.12 -72.94

-56.51-46.03

-61.94

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

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PercentPopulationChange

Date of Ovitrap Collection

Efficacy of 3 Techniques forAe. aegyptiandAe. albopictus Control;

Data Normalized by Location and Corrected for Control Variation

Larvicide

Adulticide

Larvicide and Adulticide

Control

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Domestic Complaints received by Manatee County MCD June, July, August 2011

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Aerial Larviciding for Domestics?

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Methodologies 2011

Spray Platform: Hughes 500D; spray block treated 1x per

2-week period starting in mid August for a total of 3applications

Larvicide = Altosid 5% (diluted to 1% tank mix) delivered

through spray system at 240psi yielding a VMD of ca.

250-400microns at final application rate of 19.5 fl oz/ac in a

200ft swath (equivalent to 4.0 oz/ac Altosid 5%)

Aerial Larvicide applications made late in the evening/early

morning when human outdoor activity would be predictably

low. Generally between midnight and 2am.

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24.1

32.8 31.1

53.5 51.6

27.2

48.2

40.7

30.5

53.8

70.2

60.555.7

52.1

62.359.8

64.6

64.160.6

51.9

60.0

29.9

23.3

34.9

66.9

161.5

167.2

107.1110.1

78.2

104.3

88.7

62.2 63.6

99.4

91.2

57.0

69.7

130.8

94.7

52.1

25.2 26.1 23.1

31.4

18.1

9.6

5/2 5/9 5/16 5/23 5/31 6/6 6/13 6/20 6/27 7/5 7/11 7/18 7/25 8/1 8/8 8/15 8/22 8/29 9/6 9/12 9/19 9/26 10/3 10/10

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Date of Collection

Efficacy of Aerial Larviciding upon Ae. aegypti/albopictus Populations(Values Indicate Average # of Eggs & Larvae at 15 Sampling Sites within each group)

(Previously Reported Data 2011)

Control

Treatment

Aerial Larvicide -Methoprene on 8/16,

8/31 and 9/14;

Midnight - 2am

128-acres

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25,000 acre spray block x$8.00/ac x 3 applications

= $600,000

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Aerial Adulticiding for Domestics?

Studies from SE Asia and western Pacific nations havetypically shown quite good aegypticontrol via aerialand ground ULV applications (but application rates aremuch higher than allowed here in the US).

Studies in Caribbean countries have typically foundpoor and unacceptable results with aerially and groundapplied adulticides; Why? Endophilic mosquitoes,large droplets, caged mosquitoes, wrong spray-ontiming.

Other concerns for the current research: Chemicalselection (Dibrom? SP? Malathion? Chlorpyrifos?).Public acceptability?

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Methodologies 2011

Two study sites selected (128 and 413 acres);

both within older residential neighborhoodsin/near Bradenton, FL with history of highdomestic mosquito problems

Spray Platform: Hughes 500D; treatment areaaerially adulticided 3x starting in mid June

Adulticide: Fyfanon (97% malathion) deliveredat 3 oz/ac through high-pressure spray system at700psi via 9 PJ20 nozzles; VMD = approx 30microns

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Methodologies (cont.)

Measured mosquito population dynamics via 15 ovi-trapslocated within each of the study sites; eggs and larvae were

collected and counted weekly; pre- and post- spray adult

landing rate counts also used

Adulticide applications over a

1,300 acre block were started

20 min before sunset;

complete within 20-25 minutes.

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Aerial Adulticiding in Cortez Village

A i l Ad lti idi i C t Vill

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Aerial Adulticiding in Cortez Village

97%

Reduction

94%

Reduction

78%

Reduction

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10.17.6

9.7

8.5

28.7 30.7

39.4

54.5

27.6

44.4

53.4

64.3

61.7

24.7

38.5

45.2

30.2

26.3

22.227.1

15.0

6.3

29.1

36.3

32.5

37.5

43.1

40.5

15.4

66.0

82.0

22.0

26.4

13.8 19.2

22.9

16.4 23.9

13.2

32.7

4/16 4/23 4/30 5/7 5/14 5/21 5/30 6/4 6/11 6/18 6/25 7/2 7/9 7/16 7/23 7/30 8/6 8/13 8/20 8/27 9/3 9/10 9/17 9/24 10/10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Date of Collection

Efficacy of Aerial Adulticiding and Larviciding upon Ae. aegypti/albopictus

Populations(Values Indicate Average # of Eggs & Larvae at 15 Sampling Sites within each group)

Control

Treatment

Aerial Malathionapplied on 6/18,

7/12 and 7/23;

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Discussion

The practices of aerial adulticiding appears to have asignificant population-level impact here in the USupon exophilic mosquitoes when appropriate timingand droplet sizes are used.

This is a temporary reduction but should be quiteeffective for truncating Dengue human-to-humantransmission.

Appeared to have a have high level of PublicAcceptance of both the helicopter in daylight hrs at150AGL and malathion

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Discussion

Delivery Systems: Aerial applications are a much moreeffective chemical delivery method as compared to ground-ULV adulticide applications probably as a result of a moreuniform chemical application as well as speed/efficiency .

(2010 and 2011 data showed Ground adulticiding had smallpopulation reducing efficacy)

Additionally, Manatee County has documented resistancedevelopment within albopictus and aegyptipopulations to

the pyrethroids. Increased use of malathion in ground ULV(trucks and hand-foggers). Find that the addition ofOrange Oil to the malathion mix greatly reduces theoffensive odor.