03. Evidence for God From Cosmology

8/3/2019 03. Evidence for God From Cosmology

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Evidence for God from

Cosmology


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The Greatest Discovery

(COBE, 1992) unbelievably important... They have found

the Holy Grail of cosmologyMichael Turner (University of Chicago)

It is the discovery of the century, if not alltime

Stephen Hawking (Cambridge University, UK)

What we have found is evidence for thebirth of the universe. Its like looking atGod.

George Smoot (UC Berkeley - COBE project leader)


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Relativity vs. The

Newtonian UniverseMichelson and Morely (1887)

Velocity of lightEinstein (1905)

Special Relativity(E = mc2)

Einstein (1915)General Relativity


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General Relativity -

Einstein Discovers God

2 2 83

32 2

d RRdt

G pc

2 2 8

3

3

2 2d RRdt

G pc

where:=density p=pressureG=constant of gravity c=speed of

light


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Origins of the Big BangTheory

Vesto Slipher (1914)

Nebulae receding from the earthAlexander Friedman (1922)

Expansion of the universe

Hubble (1929)Law of Red-Shifts


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Hot Big Bang Model

George Gamow (1946)

First hot big bang model

Bell Labs (1965)

First background radiation measurement

Cosmic Background Explorer (1992)

Ripples in background radiation


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Cosmic Background

Explorer (COBE)Universe is a perfect radiator (to

1 part in 10,000)- backgroundtemperature of 2.726K (1990)

Refined COBE measurements

showed irregularities of 1 part in100,000 (1992)


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COBE DMR


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Alternate Models

Infinite/eternal Universe

Steady State UniverseOscillating Universe

The Hartle-HawkingModel

Quantum Cosmology


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Infinite/Eternal

Universe ProblemsParadox of the Dark Night Sky

Light decreases 4-fold withdoubling of distance

Volume (or number of stars)increases 8-fold with doubling

of distance


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Steady State Universe

No stars greater than 16

billion years old

No newly formed

galaxies (all formed at

same time)


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Oscillating

universe

Only 10-50% of matter neededfor collapse (open universe)

A collapse would lead to Big

Crunch instead of bounce

Th U i


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The Universe as anEngine

System or EngineMechanicalEfficiency

Diesel Engine 40%

Gasoline Engine 25

Steam Engine 12Human Body 1%

Universe 0.00000001%

Th H l H ki


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The Hartle-HawkingModel

Quantum physics invoked

prior to 10-43

second, toeliminate the singularity

Requires use of imaginarytime


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Problems in QuantumCosmology

Observer based - who is the

observer?The universe represents a very

long quantum "moment"


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Implications of Big Bang

Time, space, matter andenergy all came intoexistence at once

Time is a created dimension

Obj ti t th Bi


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Objections to the BigBang

philosophicallyunacceptable (atheist John

Maddox, Down with the BigBangin Nature)

smacks of divineintervention (StephenHawking, A Brief History of

Time).


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Evidence for GodsExistence from Design

Divine Watchmaker (WilliamPaley)

Refuted by:David Hume

Charles DarwinRecently by:

Stephen Jay Gould

Richard Dawkins

N W h k


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New WatchmakerArgument

Based upon measurableparameters

Probabilities calculable fromthe observable universe

Tolerance for change (finetuning) calculable from

physical laws


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A Just Right UniverseParameter

MaximumDeviation

Ground state of He, Be, C, O 4%

Mass of neutron 0.1%

Electron:Proton Ratio 1:1037

Electromagnetic force:gravity 1:1040Expansion rate of universe 1:1055

Cosmological Constant 1:10120


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A Just Right GalaxyParameter Probability

Galaxy size 0.1Galaxy type 0.1

Galaxy location 0.1

Supernovae eruptions 0.01White dwarf binaries 0.01

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03. Evidence for God From Cosmology