Upload
phyllis-nunez
View
34
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
02 Language Fundamentals. Agenda. Fundamentals Operators Flow Controls. Outline. Java Source File Structure Java Keywords Identifiers Literals Variables and Data Types Variable Declaration and Initialization Operators Primitive Casting Flow Controls. Objectives. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
3
• Java Source File Structure• Java Keywords• Identifiers• Literals• Variables and Data Types• Variable Declaration and Initialization• Operators• Primitive Casting• Flow Controls
OutlineOutline
4
At the end of this section, you should be able to:• Recognize and create correctly constructed source code• Recognize and create correctly constructed declarations• Distinguish between legal and illegal identifiers• Describe all the primitive data types and the ranges of
the integral data types• Recognize correctly formatted data types• Learn to properly declare and initialize variables• Understand the contents of the argument list of an
application’s main() method
ObjectivesObjectives
5
Objectives (continued)Objectives (continued)
Operators:• Learn to use:
• Unary operators• Arithmetic operators• String operators• Relational operators• Conditional operators• Logical operators• Assignment operators
• Be familiar with object, shift and bitwise operators• Identify the order of evaluation and change its precedence• Learn how to cast primitive data types
6
Objectives (continued)Objectives (continued)
Flow Controls:• Learn syntax and correct use of:
• if-else() statement• switch() statement• while() statement• do-while() statement• for() statement• break, continue and label statements
• Introduce the concept of return statement
7
/* * Created on Jul 14, 2005 * * First Java Program */package com.jds.sample;import java.util.*;
/** * @author JDS */public class JavaMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {// print a messageSystem.out.println("Welcome to
Java!");}
}
class Extra {/* * class body */
}
1. Package declaration
Used to organize a collection of related classes.
2. Import statement
Used to reference classes and declared in other packages.
3. Class declarationA Java source file can have several
classes but only one public class is
allowed.
1. Package declaration
Used to organize a collection of related classes.
2. Import statement
Used to reference classes and declared in other packages.
3. Class declarationA Java source file can have several
classes but only one public class is
allowed.
declaration order
Java Source File StructureJava Source File Structure
8
1. Single Line Comment
// insert comments here
2. Block Comment
/*
* insert comments here
*/
3. Documentation Comment
/**
* insert documentation
*/
1. Single Line Comment
// insert comments here
2. Block Comment
/*
* insert comments here
*/
3. Documentation Comment
/**
* insert documentation
*/
/* * Created on Jul 14, 2005 * * First Java Program */package com.jds.sample;import java.util.*;
/** * @author JDS */public class JavaMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {// print a messageSystem.out.println("Welcome to
Java!");}
}
class Extra {/* * class body */
}
Java Source File StructureJava Source File StructureComments
Tabs and spaces are ignored by the compiler. Used to improve readability of code.
Whitespaces
9
/* * Created on Jul 14, 2005 * * First Java Program */package com.jds.sample;import java.util.*;
/** * @author JDS */public class JavaMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {// print a messageSystem.out.println("Welcome to
Java!");}
}
class Extra {/* * class body */
}
•Every java program includes at least one class definition. The class is the fundamental component of all Java programs.
•A class definition contains all the variables and methods that make the program work. This is contained in the class body indicated by the opening and closing braces.
Java Source File StructureJava Source File Structure
Class
10
/* * Created on Jul 14, 2005 * * First Java Program */package com.jds.sample;import java.util.*;
/** * @author JDS */public class JavaMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {// print a messageSystem.out.println("Welcome to
Java!");}
}
class Extra {/* * class body */
}
Java Source File StructureJava Source File Structure
• Braces are used for grouping statements or block of codes.
• The left brace ( { ) indicates the beginning of a class body, which contains any variables and methods the class needs.
• The left brace also indicates the beginning of a method body.
• For every left brace that opens a class or method you need a corresponding right brace ( } ) to close the class or method.
• A right brace always closes its nearest left brace.
Braces
11
/* * Created on Jul 14, 2005 * * First Java Program */package com.jds.sample;import java.util.*;
/** * @author JDS */public class JavaMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {// print a messageSystem.out.println("Welcome to
Java!");}
}
class Extra {/* * class body */
}
Java Source File StructureJava Source File Structure
This line begins the main() method. This is the line at which the program will begin executing.
main() method
Declares a parameter named args, which is an array of String. It represents command-line arguments.
String args[]
12
/* * Created on Jul 14, 2005 * * First Java Program */package com.jds.sample;import java.util.*;
/** * @author JDS */public class JavaMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {// print a messageSystem.out.println("Welcome to
Java!");}
}
class Extra {/* * class body */
}
Java Source File StructureJava Source File Structure
• A complete unit of work in a Java program.
• A statement is always terminated with a semicolon and may span multiple lines in your source code.
Java statement
Semicolon (;) is the terminating character for any java statement.
Terminating characterThis line outputs the string “Welcome to Java!” followed by a new line on the screen.
System.out.println()
13
truetrue
strictfpstrictfp
nullnull
implementsimplements
extendsextends
char char
transienttransient
staticstatic
newnew
ifif
elseelse
catchcatch
throwsthrows
shortshort
nativenative
doubledouble
casecase
throwthrow
returnreturn
longlong
forfor
do do
bytebyte
whilewhile
thisthis
publicpublic
interfaceinterface
floatfloat
defaultdefault
breakbreak
volatilevolatile
synchronizedsynchronized
protectedprotected
intint
finallyfinally
continuecontinue
booleanboolean
voidvoid
switchswitch
privateprivate
instanceofinstanceof
finalfinal
assertassert
trytry
supersuper
packagepackage
importimport
falsefalse
classclass
abstractabstract
Java KeywordsJava Keywords
gotogotoconstconst
14
printMe is not the same as PrintMe
Identifiers Identifiers
• An identifier is the name given by a programmer to a variable, statement label, method, class, and interface
• An identifier must begin with a letter, $ or _
• Subsequent characters must be letters, numbers, $ or _
• An identifier must not be a Java keyword
• Identifiers are case-sensitive
Incorrect Correct
3strikes strikes3
Write&Print Write_Print
switch Switch
15
A literal is a representation of a value of a particular type
LiteralsLiterals
Type Examples & Values
boolean true false
character ’a’ ‘\uFFFF' ‘\777’
integer 123 123L O123 Ox123
floating-point123.5 123.5D 123.5F 123.5e+6
object “test” null
escape sequences \n \t \b \f \r \’ \” \\
16
Variable and Data TypesVariable and Data Types
• A variable is a named storage location used to represent data that can be changed while the program is running
• A data type determines the values that a variable can contain and the operations that can be performed on it
• Categories of data types:
1. Primitive data types
2. Reference data types
17
Primitive Data TypesPrimitive Data Types
Type Bits Lowest Value Highest Value
boolean (n/a) false true
char 16 '\u0000' [0] '\uffff' [216-1]
byte 8 -128 [-27] +127 [27-1]
short 16 -32,768 [-215] +32,767 [215-1]
int 32 -2,147,483,648 [-231] +2,147,483,647 [231-1]
long 64 -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 [-263] +9,223,372,036,854,775,807 [263-1]
float 32 ±1.40129846432481707e-45 ±3.40282346638528860e+38
double 64 ±4.94065645841246544e-324 ±1.79769313486231570e+308
• Primitive data types represent atomic values and are built-in to Java
• Java has 8 primitive data types
18
Reference Data TypesReference Data Types
• Reference data types represent objects
• A reference serves as a handle to the object, it is a way to get to the object
• Java has 2 reference data types
1. Class
2. Interface
19
• Declaring a variable with primitive data type
int age = 21;
• Declaring a variable with reference data type
Date now = new Date(); String name = “Jason”;
Variable Declaration & InitializationVariable Declaration & Initialization
identifier name
primitive type
initial value
identifier name
reference type
initial value
20
Primitive Type DeclarationPrimitive Type Declaration
Identifier name
type
int age;
stack
age = 17;
valueIdentifier name
age
MEMORYdeclaration
initialization/assignment
allot space to memory
017
21
The heap
Car object
Values
Reference Type DeclarationReference Type Declaration
type
Car myCar;
myCar = new Car(“Bumble Bee”);
Identifier name
Bumble Bee
memory address
location
allot space to memory
reference
myCar
Identifier name
22
Member Variables Declared inside the class but outside of all methods. Accessible by all methods of the class.
Local Variables Available only within the method where they were declared. Method parameters have local scope.
Scope of VariableScope of Variable
public class HelloWorld { //accessible throughout the classString name;
public void otherMethod(){ float salary = 15000.00f; //can’t access age variable from here}
public static void main(String args[ ]) { //can’t access salary variable from here
int age=17;//can’t access ctr variable from
herefor (int ctr=0 ; ctr<5 ; ctr++) { //age variable accessible here
}
}}
24
• Unary operators• Arithmetic operators• String operator• Relational operators• Conditional operator• Logical operator• Assignment operators• Object operators• Shift operators• Bitwise operators• Evaluation order• Primitive Casting
Operators and AssignmentsOperators and Assignments
25
Unary OperatorsUnary Operators• Unary operators use only one
operand++ Increment by 1, can be prefix or postfix
-- Decrement by 1, can be prefix or postfix
+ Positive sign
- Negative sign
int num=10;
System.out.println("incrementing/decrementing...");
System.out.println(++num);
System.out.println(--num);
System.out.println(num++);
System.out.println(num--);
System.out.println("setting signs...");
System.out.println(+num);
System.out.println(-num);
incrementing/decrementing...
11
10
10
11
setting signs...
10
-10
Sample code: Sample output:
26
Arithmetic OperatorsArithmetic Operators• Arithmetic operators are used for basic
mathematical operations+ Add
- Subtract
* Multiply
/ Divide
% Modulo, remainder
int num1=15, num2=10;
System.out.println("calculating...");
System.out.println(num1 + num2);
System.out.println(num1 - num2);
System.out.println(num1 * num2);
System.out.println(num1 / num2);
System.out.println(num1 % num2);
calculating...
25
5
150
1
5
Sample code: Sample output:
27
String OperatorString Operator
• String operator (+) is used to concatenate operands• If one operand is String, the other operands are converted to String
String fname = "Josephine", lname = "Santos", mi = "T";
String fullName = lname + ", " + fname + " " + mi + ".";
String nickName = "Jessy";
int age=21;
System.out.println("My full name is: " + fullName);
System.out.println("You can call me " + nickName + "!");
System.out.println("I'm " + age + " years old.");
My full name is: Santos, Josephine T.
You can call me Jessy!
I'm 21 years old.
Sample code:
Sample output:
28
Relational OperatorsRelational Operators
• Relational operators are used to compare values• boolean values cannot be compared with non-boolean values• Only object references are checked for equality, and not their states• Objects cannot be compared with null• null is not the same as “”
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
== Equals
!= Not equals
29
Relational OperatorsRelational Operators
String name1 = "Marlon"; int weight1=140, height1=74;
String name2 = "Katie"; int weight2=124, height2=78;
boolean isLight = weight1 < weight2, isLightEq = weight1 <= weight2;
System.out.println("Is " + name1 + " lighter than " + name2 + "? " + isLight);
System.out.println("Is " + name1 + " lighter or same weight as " + name2 + "? " + isLightEq);
boolean isTall = height1 > height2, isTallEq = height1 >= height2;
System.out.println("Is " + name1 + " taller than " + name2 + "? " + isTall);
System.out.println("Is " + name1 + " taller or same height as " + name2 + "? " + isTallEq);
boolean isWeighEq = weight1 == weight2, isTallNotEq = height1 != height2;
System.out.println("Is " + name1 + " same weight as " + name2 + "? " + isWeighEq);
System.out.println("Is " + name1 + " not as tall as " + name2 + "? " + isTallNotEq);
System.out.println("So who is heavier?");
System.out.println("And who is taller?");
Is Marlon lighter than Katie? false
Is Marlon lighter or same weight as Katie? false
Is Marlon taller than Katie? false
Is Marlon taller or same height as Katie? false
Is Marlon same weight as Katie? false
Is Marlon not as tall as Katie? true
So who is heavier?
And who is taller?
Sample code:
Sample output:
30
• The ternary operator (?:) provides a handy way to code simple if-else() statements in a single expression, it is also known as the conditional operator
• If condition is true, then exp1 is returned as the result of operation• If condition is false, then exp2 is returned as the result of operation
• Can be nested to accommodate chain of conditions
Conditional operatorConditional operator
condition ? exp1 : exp2;
int yyyy=1981, mm=10, dd=22;
String mmm = mm==1?"Jan":mm==2?"Feb":mm==3?"Mar":mm==4?"Apr":mm==5?"May":mm==6?"Jun":
mm==7?"Jul":mm==8?"Aug":mm==9?"Sep":mm==10?"Oct":mm==11?"Nov":mm==12?"Dec":"Unknown";
System.out.println("I was born on " + mmm + " " + dd + ", " + yyyy);
I was born on Oct 22, 1981
Sample code:
Sample output:
Syntax:
31
Logical OperatorsLogical Operators• Logical operators are used to compare
boolean expressions• ! inverts a boolean value• & | evaluate both operands• && || evaluate operands conditionally
! NOT
& AND
| OR
^ XOR
&& Short-circuit AND
|| Short-circuit OR
Op1 Op2 !Op1 Op1 & Op2 Op1 | Op2 Op1 ^ Op2 Op1 && Op2 Op1 || Op2
false false true false false false false false
false true true false true true false true
true false false false true true false true
true true false true true false true true
Truth Table
32
• Similar to the Boolean operators, but with an added ability to “short-circuit” part of the process, using a couple of mathematical rules:• If the left operand of an && operation is false, the result is
automatically false, and the right operand is not evaluated
• If the left operand of an || operation is true, the result is automatically true, and the right operand is not evaluated
• Boolean Complement ( ! ):• The NOT function inverts the value of boolean
Short-circuit Logical Operators (&&,|| and !)Short-circuit Logical Operators (&&,|| and !)
boolean a = (5>8) && (8>5);false;
boolean b = (8>5) || (5>8);true;
boolean c = !b;false;
33
Logical OperatorsLogical Operators
int yrsService=8;
double perfRate=86;
double salary=23000;
char position='S';
// P-probationary R-regular, S-supervisor, M-manager, E-executive, T-top executive
boolean forRegular, forSupervisor, forManager, forExecutive, forTopExecutive;
forRegular = yrsService>1 & perfRate>80 & position=='P' & salary<10000;
forSupervisor = yrsService>5 & perfRate>85 & position=='R' & salary<15000;
forManager = yrsService>7 & perfRate>85 & position=='S' & salary<25000;
forExecutive = yrsService>10 & perfRate>80 & position=='M' & salary<50000;
forTopExecutive = yrsService>10 & perfRate>80 & position=='E' & salary<75000;
boolean isPromoted = forRegular||forSupervisor||forManager||forExecutive||forTopExecutive;
boolean isLuckyGuy = forExecutive ^ forTopExecutive;
System.out.println("Are you a candidate for promotion? " + isPromoted);
System.out.println("Will you be promoted as a regular employee? " + forRegular);
System.out.println("Will you be promoted as a supervisor? " + forSupervisor);
System.out.println("Will you be promoted as a manager? " + forManager);
System.out.println("Will you be paid more and work less? " + isLuckyGuy);
System.out.println("I hope you won't be demoted, are you? " + !isPromoted);
Sample code: Sample output:Are you a candidate for promotion? true
Will you be promoted as a regular employee? false
Will you be promoted as a supervisor? false
Will you be promoted as a manager? true
Will you be paid more and work less? false
I hope you won't be demoted, are you? false
34
Assignment OperatorsAssignment Operators
• Assignment operators are used to set the value of a variable
= Assign
+= Add and assign
-= Subtract and assign
*= Multiply and assign
/= Divide and assign
%= Modulo and assign
&= AND and assign
|= OR and assign
^= XOR and assign
double unitPrice=120, qty=2, salesAmount;
double discRate=15, discAmount, vatRate=10, vatAmount;
// compute gross sales
salesAmount = unitPrice * qty;
System.out.println("Gross Sales: " + salesAmount);
// compute tax
vatRate /= 100;
vatAmount = salesAmount * vatRate;
salesAmount += vatAmount;
System.out.println("Tax: " + vatAmount);
// compute discount
discRate /= 100;
discAmount = salesAmount * discRate;
salesAmount -= discAmount;
System.out.println("Discount: " + discAmount);
System.out.println("Please pay: " + salesAmount);
Gross Sales: 240.0
Tax: 24.0
Discount: 39.6
Please pay: 224.4
Sample code:
Sample output:
35
CastingCasting• Casting is converting from one data type to another
• Implicit casting is an implied casting operations• Explicit casting is a required casting operations• Primitive casting is converting a primitive data type to another
• Widening conversion is casting a narrower data type to a broader data type
• Narrowing conversion is casting a broader data type to a narrower data type
• Reference casting is converting a reference data type to another• Upcasting is conversion up the inheritance hierarchy
• Downcasting is conversion down the inheritance hierarchy
• Casting between primitive and reference type is not allowed• In Java, casting is implemented using () operator
36
Primitive Casting FlowPrimitive Casting Flow
byte short int long float double
char
widening conversion
narrowing conversion
37
Primitive Casting RulePrimitive Casting Rule
Operation Conversion Type
arithmetic implicit widening conversion
relational implicit widening conversion
shift implicit widening conversion
bitwise implicit widening conversion
assignment implicit widening conversion (if target is broader )
parameter passing implicit widening conversion (if formal parameter is broader)
logical none
ternary ?: none
boolean none
(all others) explicit casting (narrowing or widening conversion)
38
Implementing Primitive CastingImplementing Primitive Casting
public static void main(String args[]) {short age = 20;char sex = ‘M’;byte iq = 80;int height = 64;long distance = 300;float price = 99.99f;double money = 500.00;
age = sex; // will this compile?sex = iq; // will this compile?iq = (byte) height; // will this compile?distance = height; // will this compile?price = money; // will this compile?sex = (char) money; // will this compile?
}
39
Evaluation order of operators in Java is as follows:• Unary (++ -- + - ~ ())• Arithmetic (* / % + -)• Shift (<< >> >>>)• Comparison (< <= > >= instanceof == !=)• Bitwise (& ^ |)• Short-circuit (&& || !)• Conditional (?:)• Assignment (= += -= *= /=)
Summary of OperatorsSummary of Operators
41
Flow ControlsFlow Controls
• if-else() statement• switch() statement• while() statement• do-while() statement• for() statement• break statement• continue statement• Statement label
42
Types of Flow ControlTypes of Flow Control
1. Sequential • Perform statements in the order
they are written
2. Selection• Perform statements based on
condition
3. Iteration• Perform statements repeatedly
based on condition
43
if-else()if-else()• if-else() performs statements based on two conditions• Condition should result to a boolean expression• If condition is true, the statements following if are executed• If condition is false, the statements following else are executed• Can be nested to allow more conditions
if (condition) { // braces optional
// statement required
}
else { // else clause is optional
// statement required
}
int age=10;
if (age < 10) {
System.out.println("You're just a kid.");
} else if (age < 20){
System.out.println("You're a teenager.");
} else {
System.out.println("You're probably old...");
}
Syntax:
Example:
You're a teenager.Output:
44
switch()switch()• switch() performs statements based on multiple conditions• exp can only be char byte short int, val should be a unique constant of exp• case statements falls through the next case unless a break is encountered• default is executed if none of the other cases match the exp
switch (exp) {
case val:
// statements here
case val:
// statements here
default:
// statements here
}
char sex='M';
switch (sex){
case 'M':
System.out.println("I'm a male."); break;
case 'F':
System.out.println("I'm a female."); break;
default:
System.out.println("I am what I am!");
}
Syntax:
Example:
I'm a male.Output:
45
while()while()• while() performs statements repeatedly while condition remains true
while (condition) { // braces optional
// statements here
}
int ctr=10;
while (ctr > 0) {
System.out.println("Timer: " + ctr--);
}
Syntax:
Example:
Timer: 10
Timer: 9
Timer: 8
Timer: 7
Timer: 6
Timer: 5
Timer: 4
Timer: 3
Timer: 2
Timer: 1
Output:
46
do-while()do-while()• do-while() performs statements repeatedly (at least once) while condition
remains true
do
// statements here
while (condition);
int ctr=0;
do
System.out.println("Timer: " + ctr++);
while (ctr < 10);
// next statement
Syntax:
Example:
Timer: 0
Timer: 1
Timer: 2
Timer: 3
Timer: 4
Timer: 5
Timer: 6
Timer: 7
Timer: 8
Timer: 9
Output:
47
for()for()• for() performs statements repeatedly based on a condition• Init is a list of either declarations or expressions, evaluated first and only once• Condition is evaluated before each iteration• Exp is a list of expressions, evaluated after each iteration• All entries inside () are optional, for(;;) is an infinite loop
for (init; condition; exp) { // braces optional
// statements here
}
for (int age=18; age<30; age++) {
System.out.println("Enjoy life while you're " + age);
}
Syntax:
Example:
Enjoy life while you're 18
Enjoy life while you're 19
Enjoy life while you're 20
Enjoy life while you're 21
Enjoy life while you're 22
Enjoy life while you're 23
Enjoy life while you're 24
Enjoy life while you're 25
Enjoy life while you're 26
Enjoy life while you're 27
Enjoy life while you're 28
Enjoy life while you're 29
Output:
48
breakbreak• break exits loops and switch() statements
break;
boolean isEating=true;
int moreFood=5;
while (isEating) {
if (moreFood<1) break;
System.out.println("Uhm, yum, yum...");
moreFood--;
}
System.out.println("Burp!");
Syntax:
Example:
Uhm, yum, yum...
Uhm, yum, yum...
Uhm, yum, yum...
Uhm, yum, yum...
Uhm, yum, yum...
Burp!
Output:
49
continuecontinue• continue is used inside loops to start a new iteration
continue;
for (int time=7; time<12; time++) {
if (time<10) {
System.out.println("Don't disturb! I'm studying...");
continue;
}
System.out.println("zzzZZZ...");
}
Syntax:
Example:
Don't disturb! I'm studying...
Don't disturb! I'm studying...
Don't disturb! I'm studying...
zzzZZZ...
zzzZZZ...
Output:
50
Statement LabelStatement Label• A label is an identifier placed before a statement, it ends with :• break labelName is used to exit any labelled statement• continue labelName is used inside loops to start a new iteration of the labeled loop
labelName:
break labelName;
continue labelName;
int[] scores = {3,9,10,0,8,10,7,1,9,8};
outer:
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
if (scores[i] <=0) break outer;
if (scores[i] > 5) {
inner:
for (int j=0; j<3; j++) {
if (scores[i] == 10){
System.out.println ("Perfect score! More claps!!!");
continue inner;
}
System.out.println ("Nice score! One clap!");
continue outer;
}
}
if (scores[i] <= 5) System.out.println("More practice...");
}
Syntax:
Example:
More practice...
Nice score! One clap!
Perfect score! More claps!!!
Perfect score! More claps!!!
Perfect score! More claps!!!
Output:
51
Example 1:public int sum(int x, int y) { return x + y;}Example 2:public int sum(int x, int y) { x = x + y; if (x < 100){
return x; }else{
return x + 5; }}Example 2:public void getSum(int x) { System.out.println(x);return;
}
• return branching statement is used to exit from the current method.
• Two forms:• return <value>;• return;
returnreturn
52
Key PointsKey Points
• A Java source file can include package, import and class declarations in that order
• The main() method is the start of execution of a Java application
• Each Java statement is terminated by a semicolon “;”• Identifiers are case-sensitive• Java keywords cannot be used as identifiers• Each variable must be declared with a data type• There are 8 primitive data types: boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float and double
• There are 3 reference data types: class, array and interface
53
Key Points (continued)Key Points (continued)
• Use unary, arithmetic operators for basic mathematical operations
• Use string operator to concatenate strings• Use relational operators to compare objects• Use conditional operator as alternative to if-else()
statement• Use logical operators to compare boolean values• Use assignment operators to assign values to variables• Get familiar with object, shift and bitwise operators• Java evaluates operators in order of precedence• Casting is converting one data type to another
54
Key PointsKey Points
• if() and switch() are used for branching statements
• while(), do-while() and for() are used for iterating statements
• break, continue and label are used to branch inside loops
55
• http://www.java.sun.com• http://www.java.com• http://www.java.net • http://javaboutique.internet.com• http://javaboutique.webdeveloper.com• http://www.javaworld.com• http://www.developer.com• http://javalobby.org• http://freewarejava.com• http://onjava.com• http://javaranch.com• http://www.cafeaulait.org• http://www.java.about.com• http://www.javacoffeebreak.com
Java Online ResourcesJava Online Resources
56
Tutorials:• http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial • http://www.ibiblio.org/javafaq/javatutorial.html• http://www.javacoffeebreak.com/tutorials/index.html• http://www.cafeaulait.org/course/• http://oopweb.com/Java/Documents/
IntroToProgrammingUsingJava/VolumeFrames.html
FAQs:• http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/faq.html• http://www.ibiblio.org/javafaq/javafaq.html• http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java/Beginners-Corner.html• http://www.norvig.com/java-iaq.html• http://www.jguru.com/faq/subtopics.jsp?topic=JavaLanguage• http://www.javacoffeebreak.com/faq/
Java Online Resources Java Online Resources