01_RA41881EN01GLA1_Flexi Zone Micro Small Cells Introduction

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©2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

Nokia Solutions and NetworksRA4188 - Small Cells Introduction



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Document change history

Date Version Name Change comment

23.01.2014 1.0 Maciej Wais

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Objectives

• Explain the NSN Small Cells architecture.• Identify the placing of the Flexi Zone Micro LTE BTS products within the Small Cells

architecture.

• Identify and list the key components of the LTE system and be able to state the basicfunction of each network element.

• Identify the key interfaces within the LTE System and give a simple explanation of theinformation sent of each Network Element.

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Content

• Introduction to the Small Cell concept

• Small Cells architecture evolution

• Flexi Zone Micro LTE BTS within the Small Cells architecture

• Key components of the LTE Small Cell system

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• NSN Small Cell Roadmap



Key requirements for networks towards 2020…

Support up to1000 times morecapacity

Teachnetworks to

-

Flatten totalenergyconsum tion

Reduce latencyto milliseconds

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Reinvent Telcosfor

the cloud

Personalizenetwork

experience



Today’s problems

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Why small cells?

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Focus on LTE Small Cells

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The Evolving Role of Small Cells

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2012



Small Cell Solution Needed for Supporting Mass Market Mobile Broadband

Subscriber Experience

Video apps define new CellEdge!!

Users/Sector & Distance define the experience

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Voice

15 kbpscell

edge

Email /

Web250 kbpscell edge

Video

1-4Mbps

cell edge Smaller Cells are Key for Capacity

Sector throughput sharedby many users

Each gets widely varyingexperience

Small cells improve distance

More sites = less throughputsharing + closer to center of cell



Capacity enhancement

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Factors impacting operator small cell deployment timing

Stron data traffic rowth

Network is full

No refarmin o tions

Limitations on macro siteavailability & enhancements

Small cell

Limited spectrumavailability

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Technology maturity

ep oymen

urgency

LTE launch not feasibleHigh urban density &complexity



When might a new macro site not be feasible?

• Cellular tower or pole is notaccepted by authority community

• New macro site is overkill

• No space for new macro site BTS orantennas.

• New macro site permits not grantedor site lease is very expensive

•

• Macro sites cells capacity is notenough

• More and smaller capacity cellsneed to be added

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• Safety regulations limit the

transmitted power at street level

• New macro site is overkill (cost,

capacity, size) for coverage fix orextension

• Smaller cell and low transmit power

is optimized for e.g. indoor usage,tunnels and parking lots



Small cell site examples

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Small Cell types & Small Cell scenarios

Femto

WiFi

Indoor: 20-100mW

Outdoor: 0.2-1W

Coverage radius: 10s of meters

Indoor: 10-100mW

Outdoor: 0.2-1W

Coverage radius: 10s of meters

Indoor: >10W

Outdoor: >10W DAS

Home Office Airport

Shopping Center City Walk Stadium

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Pico

Micro

Macro

Indoor: 100-250mWOutdoor: 1-5W

Coverage radius:10s of meters

Outdoor: 5-10W

Coverage radius:100s of meters

Outdoor: >10WCoverage radius: kilometer(s)

City center Suburban Rural Village



Micro Base Stations

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Pico Base Stations

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Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

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DAS Examples

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Distributed BTS Multi Operator –

Multi Technology DAS

Outdoor DAS forStadium



Operator WiFi

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Femtocells

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Working bodies

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Architecture

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Protocol Stack

GTP-U

UDP

IPv4

S1AP/X2AP

SCTP

IPv4

Mgmt. Appl.

UDP/TCP

IPv4

S1-U & X2_U S1-MME & X2_C O&M

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Ethernet Layer 2

Ethernet Layer 1

Ethernet Layer 2

Ethernet Layer 1

Ethernet Layer 2

Ethernet Layer 1



HeNB Architecture – 3GPP rel.9

3GPP TS 36.300

S1

MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

HeNB GW

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S1 S1S1

S1

X2 X2

X2 eNB

eNB

eNB

HeNBHeNBHeNB

E-UTRAN




Services

MME

MMEC Plane

HeNB GW

HeNB

HeNB

S1-MME

S1-MME

S1-U

-

S11

S11

SGi

Option 2:

Option 3:

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PGW

Internet

SGW

MME

HeNB

SeGWS1 C&U Plane

HeNB GW

S11

S5

SGi

Option 1:




3GPP TS 36.300

S1


HeNB GW

MME / S-GW

S1

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S1 S1S1

S1

X2 X2

X2 eNB

eNB

eNB

HeNBHeNBHeNB

E-UTRAN

X2X2

S5




3GPP TS 36.300

S1


HeNB GW

MME / S-GW

S1

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S1 S1S1

S1

X2

X2

X2 eNB

eNB

eNB

HeNBHeNBHeNB

E-UTRAN

X2X2

S5

X2



HeNB – Home eNodeB

• In 3GPP terminology, LTE small cell = Home eNodeB

• The HeNB GW appears to the MME as an eNB.• The HeNB GW appears to the HeNB as an MME.• The S1 interface between the HeNB and the EPC is the same, regardless

whether the HeNB is connected to the EPC via a HeNB GW or not.• One HeNB serves onl one cell.

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• A HeNB hosts the same functions as an eNB, with the following additionalspecifics in case of connection to the HeNB GW:

• Discovery of a suitable Serving HeNB GW;• A HeNB shall only connect to a single HeNB GW at one time, namely no S1

Flex function shall be used at the HeNB.



HeNB GW – Home eNodeB Gateway

• The TAC and PLMN ID used by the HeNB shall also be supported by theHeNB GW.

• Selection of an MME at UE attachment is hosted by the HeNB GW instead ofthe HeNB. Upon reception of the GUMMEI from a UE, the HeNB shall includeit in the INITIAL UE MESSAGE message; upon reception of the GUMMEI Typefrom the UE the HeNB shall also include it in the messa e if su orted and

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supported by the HeNB GW.

• Relaying UE-associated S1 application part messages between the MME

serving the UE and the HeNB serving the UE.• Optionally terminating S1-U interface with the HeNB and with the SGW.• Terminating non-UE associated S1 application part procedures towards the

HeNB and towards the MME.• Access control for UEs that are members of Closed Subscriber Groups (CSG)

is hosted by MME.



HeNB access modes

HeNB Access Mode

Open Closed Hybrid

UE allowed accessto CSG

Access Access Preferential Access

UE not allowedaccess to CSG

Access No Access Access

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• Open access mode - subscribers of any PLMN, subject to roaming agreement.• Hybrid access mode:

- Its associated CSG members, and

- Subscribers of any PLMN not belonging to its associated CSG, subject to

roaming agreement.• Closed access mode - only users that belong to its associated.



Architecture – NSN RL50FZ


Flexi Zone Micro is a 1 cell microeNB. It is not HeNB.

HeNB can have output power ofup to 20dBm. (TR 36.922)

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S1 S1

S1

S1

X2X2

X2 eNB

eNB

eNB

eNB - FZMX2 eNB - FZM

E-UTRAN



Flexi Zone Product Roadmap

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Flexi Zone Changing the Mobile Broadband Paradigm

4 x Flexi Zone BTS added for

capacity offloadFlexi Zone is a precision tool foradding mobile data capacity whererequired without the cost,constraints and environmentalim act of macro BTS

Flexi Zone is a discreet 4G small cell solutiondesigned to address the growing mobile datacapacity needs

Flexi Zone complements Macro BTSblanket coverage

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Macro

40W RFFlexi Zone BTS

0.25-5W RF



Thank you!

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Documents

01_RA41881EN01GLA1_Flexi Zone Micro Small Cells Introduction