01_intro to Computers

7/30/2019 01_intro to Computers

1/103

AN INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTERS

THIS CLASS IS DESIGNED AS A

BEGINNERS CLASS INCOMPUTING


2/103

OBJECTIVES

Learn Basic Computer Terminology

Difference Between Hardware and

Software

Understanding Computer Components

Basic Keyboard and Mouse Usage

Proper Care For your PC


3/103

PREREQUISITES

There are no prerequisites.


4/103

DEFINITION

What is a Computer? computer Pronunciation key (km-pytr)

n. A device that computes, especially a

programmable electronic machine that performshigh-speed mathematical or logical operations orthat assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwiseprocesses information.

One who computes. (American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed. Pub.

2000)


5/103

THE LANGUAGE OF

COMPUTERS

Binary Numbers


6/103

Binary Numbers 1 of 3

Computers speak binary. Binary language consists of combinations of 1's

and 0's that represent characters of other languages (in our case the

English language). Dont make the mistake of thinking that little 1's and

0's are running around inside of the computer. We humans prefer to thinkof 1's and 0's because its easier than visualizing positive and negative

current flows or open and closed circuits which is what actually happens

inside computers. A combination of eight bits represents one character in

our language. One character in our language (eight bits) is referred to as

a byte. (For example: 01000001 is a byte that represents an uppercase A;each 1 or 0 is a bit.)


7/103


Kilobytes, Megabytes, and Gigabytes

If you understand that a byte is one character in

our language, youve got it made because:

1000 bytes = 1 kilobyte

(1,000 characters = 1 kilobyte)

1,000,000 bytes = 1 megabyte

(1,000,000 characters = 1 megabyte) 1,000,000,000 bytes = 1 gigabyte

(1,000,000,000 characters = 1 gigabyte)


8/103


Disk Capacity Its important to know how large your files are

because eventually you wont have enough spaceon your disk to hold more files. Knowing the total

capacity of your disk, how much space is left onyour disk, and how large the file is, you can makeaccurate decisions as to whether to save the file tothe current disk, or save the file to a differentdiskette with more disk capacity.


9/103

THIS IS A FEW OF THE

DIFFERENT TYPES ofCOMPUTERS

Desk top

Lap TopHand Held

computer

computerComputer

computer


10/103

Tablet /Smartphone


11/103


12/103


13/103

DEFINITION

Hardware Vs. SoftwareIf you can touch it, its hardware


14/103

Examples of Hardware


15/103

Accessories ...


16/103


17/103


18/103


19/103

The Programs that are on the disks

are software


20/103

Definition of User


21/103


22/103


23/103

Why Learn This Stuff?

Buying a PC

Having Your PC Serviced

Calling For Support Be able to talk to Friends & Grandchildren

Its Fun


24/103

Hardware Overview


25/103

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

CPU/PROCESSOR

The CPU refers to the microprocessor

chip. Sometimes the Tower is called the

CPU.

Its speed is measured in Megahertz

(MHZ) (Millions of cycles per second) or

Gigahertz (GHZ) Billions of cycles per

second. (A cycle is the time required for the CPU to execute

an instruction step).


26/103

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Ram Random Access Memory

Ram is the memory used by the computerto run programs.

The amount of Ram available will

determine how fast a program will run andhow many windows can be open at onetime.

Ram memory is considered Volatilebecause it disappears when the power isturned off.


27/103


28/103


29/103

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Mother Board (This is where most of the

electronics is located).


30/103

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Case (Tower,Chassis,Box)


31/103


32/103

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Power Supply

250 500 Watts

DO NOT OPEN

(This is the power sourcethat makes everything go).


33/103

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Audio Card This is the voice of your

system).


34/103

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Floppy Drive

1.44 MB (This item is obsolete).


35/103


36/103

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Network Card (Used to connect to high

speed internet access e.g.

Cable or DSL lines).


37/103

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Tape Drive Can store

Gigabytes of data.


38/103

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Video Card (Provides visual images to

the monitor. Also used in

computer games, to provide

additional memory for visualeffects).


39/103


40/103

PERIPHERALS

Printers (Might be Ink Jet, Bubble

Jet, Laser or whatever the

manufacturers invent

tomorrow).


41/103

PERIPHERALS

Video Cameras

(Also called

webcams)


42/103


43/103

KEYBOARD

The Keyboard

(This is the primary

input device)


44/103

KEYBOARD

Alphanumeric Keys


45/103

KEYBOARD

Numeric Keypad


46/103


47/103

KEYBOARD

Spacebar


48/103

KEYBOARD

Modifier keys:

CTRL, ALT, SHIFT


49/103

KEYBOARD

State keys: Caps,

Scroll, Numlock


50/103

KEYBOARD

Windows keys


51/103


52/103

MOUSE

Mouse Pointer


53/103

MOUSE

Left Clicking


54/103


55/103

MOUSE

Double clicking

(Use the left side,

Click twice)


56/103

MOUSE

Click and drag


57/103

MOUSE

Scroll wheel and

optional buttons


58/103

SOFTWARE

Operating systems

Applications

Data


59/103

OPERATING SYSTEMS

MICROSOFT

MS-DOS

Windows 95,98,Me,

Windows NT, 2000, Windows XP, Vista,

Windows 7

Windows 8

Linux

Ubuntu, Pardus etc


60/103

APPLICATIONS

MS Word

(Your basic Word

Processor)


61/103

APPLICATIONS

MS Excel

Your basic Spread Sheet)


62/103

APPLICATIONS

MS Power Point

(For presentations)


63/103


64/103

APPLICATIONS

MS Internet

Explorer, Firefox,

Google Chrome (Your internet

Browser)


65/103

APPLICATIONS

WordPerfect Adobe Acrobat

Lotus 1-2-3 Photoshop

QuickBooks Notepad

CorelDraw WinZip

HyperCam Media Player

Photo Paint StarCraft ETC.ETC.ETC.ETC. Ad Infinitum


66/103

DATA

Letters written using a word processor like

MS WORD.

Spread sheets designed in EXCEL.

Presentations created in Power Point

Music on a CD.

Photos from your digital camera


67/103

COMPUTER CAVEATS

Beverages in open

containers are EVIL.


68/103

COMPUTER CAVEATS

Magnets

(They destroy Data

on floppy drives and

hard drives)


69/103

COMPUTER CAVEATS

Laser Printers and Power.

Keep PC off the floor.

When in doubt Reboot.


70/103

COMPUTER CAVEATS

Save your work often.


71/103

COMPUTER CAVEATS

Power Strips

Use the Power

buttons on the PC

and peripherals.


72/103

COMPUTER CAVEATS

Proper handling of

CDs

OK to wash CDs in

mild soapy water orget a CD cleaner

(inexpensive)


73/103

COMPUTER CAVEATS

Dont push the CD

tray in use the

button.


74/103

COMPUTER CAVEATS

Dust Kills

Its a good idea to

blow the dust out of

your computerregularly.


75/103

COMPUTER CAVEATS

STATIC KILLS!

Get yourself an anti

static strip or mat.

TIME FOR A STRETCH


76/103

TIME FOR A STRETCH

BREAK TIME TO GET UP AND STRETCH

CLEAN YOUR GLASSES

GO POTTY IF YOU HAVE THE URGE

LETS TAKE A TEN MINUTE BREAK


77/103

AN INTRODUCTION to

WINDOWS XP

Windows 7 or later but just

focus on the interface

components ...


78/103


79/103


80/103


81/103


82/103


83/103


84/103


85/103


86/103

Keyboardcommand

Word Access Excel PowerPoint

Ctrl-A Select entire Select all Select all Select all


87/103

document

Ctrl-B Bold Bold Bold Bold

Ctrl-C or F3 Copy Copy Copy Copy

Ctrl-F n/a Find Find n/a

Ctrl-G Go to n/a n/a n/a

Ctrl-H n/a Replace text n/a n/a

Ctrl-I Italics n/a n/a Italics

Ctrl-M n/a n/a Format anumber

Add (create)slide

Ctrl-N New

document

New

document

New

document

New

presentation

Alt-N n/a Create a newobject

n/a n/a

Ctrl-O Open Open Open Open

Ctrl-P Print Print Print Print

Ctrl-Q Quit Quit Quit Quit

Ctrl-R n/a New record Fill Right n/a

Ctrl-TAB Save as Display Page Save as n/a

Ctrl-S Save Save Query Save Save

Ctrl-U Underline n/a Underline Underline Text

Ctrl-V Paste Paste Paste Paste text

Ctrl-X Cut Cut Cut Cut

Ctrl-Z Undo Undo Undo Undo


88/103

Keyboardcommand

Word Access Excel PowerPoint

F1 Help Help Help Help

F7 Spell/grammar check

Spell check Spell check Spell check

Ctrl-[ n/a n/a n/a Decrease fontsize

Ctrl-] n/a n/a n/a Increase font size

Sh t t h l ti t t


89/103

Shortcuts when selecting text

Selection Task Shortcut

Select adjacent text Click and drag over text

Select a word Double clickon the word

Select a line Triple clickon the lineSelect a paragraph Click 4 times in the paragraph

Select from the insertion point to the

beginning or end of a paragraph

Press Shift-Option-Up arrow or

Shift Option-Down arrow

Select an extended section Clickat one end of the section,

then Shift-clickat the other end

Select a whole document Ctrl-A ortriple clickin selectionarea

Select from the insertion point to the

beginning or end of a document

Press Shift-Ctrl-Home orShift-

Ctrl-End

THE WIMP INTERFACE


90/103

THE WIMP INTERFACE

WINDOWS

ICONS

MENUS

POINTERS

WINDOWS


91/103

WINDOWS

ICONS


92/103

ICONS

MENUS


93/103

MENUS

POINTERS


94/103

POINTERS (CURSORS)

I-beam cursor

(which follows the roll of the mouse)

Insertion point cursor

F letcher

(Which flashes on and off, and is positioned

using the I-beam cursor and a click of the

mouse button)

BREAK POINT


95/103

BREAK POINT

Lets get some hands on experience

Find the Windows key.

Bottom row second key from the left side.

Press once, (this is the same as left

clicking on the start button).

Bring the cursor arrow over the All Programs

Arrow head. Notice how the program files are displayed.

FIND MICROSOFT WORD


96/103

C OSO O(LEFT CLICK)

Microsoft Word.lnk


97/103

Microsoft word


98/103

Microsoft word

FIND EXCEL


99/103

LEFT CLICK

Microsoft Excel.lnk

MICROSOFT EXCEL


100/103

MICROSOFT EXCEL

FIND POWERPOINT


101/103

FIND POWERPOINT

Microsoft PowerPoint.lnk

POWERPOINT


102/103

POWERPOINT


103/103

THE END

THE ENDTHE END

THE END

Documents

01_intro to Computers