Geo11-01_Intro to Geol by ms. gabo, upm

7/29/2019 Geo11-01_Intro to Geol by ms. gabo, upm

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INTRODUCTIONTO GEOLOGY

Geology 11


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1. Define geology and identifysome of its branches

2. Differentiate uniformitarianism

vs catastrophism

3. Appreciate the role of geology in

society


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WHAT IS GEOLOGY?

http://geology.about.com/od/nutshells/a/whatisgeology.htm

Greek , g, "earth" and , logos, "study"

Geology is the study of the Earth, its

origin, history, composition, structures

and physical properties, the processes

that shape it, and the resources that could

be obtained from it.


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GEOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE

1. The relevance of time

2. The issue of scale3. The complexity of replicating

natural systems and phenomena in

the laboratory


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1. PHYSICAL GEOLOGY

2. HISTORICAL GEOLOGY

MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY

-Deals with the materials that comprise

the Earth and the processes that affect it

-The study of the origin and evolution ofthe Earth through time


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1. Volcanology

The study of volcanoes and volcanic activity

2. Seismology The study of earthquakes and the mechanical

properties of the earth

3. Mineralogy The study of minerals and its properties

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY


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4. Petrology

The study of rocks and the conditions under

which they are formed

5. Geomorphology

The study of landforms and the processes that

shape them

6. Geophysics

The physics of the Earth and its environment in

space

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY


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PHYSICAL GEOLOGY

7. Geochemistry

The study of the chemical composition and

processes of the Earth and other planets

8. Planetary Geology

Concerned with the geology of celestial bodies

9. Environmental Geology

The use of geologic information to manage our

environment


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10.Engineering Geology

The application of geologic information to

engineering problems

11.Mining Geology

Deals with the applications to mining

12.Petroleum Geology

Refers to application of geology to the search of

hydrocarbons

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY


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HISTORICAL GEOLOGY

1. Paleontology

The study of prehistoric life as represented by

fossils

2. Stratigraphy

The study of rock layers and layering

(stratification)

3. Geochronology

Deals with the determination of the age of the

Earth and its materials


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BASIC CONCEPTS IN THEHISTORY OF GEOLOGY

1. Catastrophism

2. Uniformitarianism


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CATASTROPHISM

- Proposed by Baron Georges Cuvier

- Sudden, worldwide catastrophes

are the agents of change that alter

the physical features of the Earth

over time

- Widely accepted by theologians in

the early 1800s due to similarity withBiblical events such as Noahs Flood


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UNIFORMITARIANISM

James Hutton, 1726-1797

www.physicalgeography.net

- Proposed by James Hutton

(The Father of Modern Geology)

-The present is the key to the past.

-The present is the key to the future.

-Advocates the idea that the Earth is

continuously modified by geologic processes

that have always operated throughout time (atdifferent rates), and that by studying them we

can understand how the Earth has evolved

through time


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What geologists do

GEOLOGISTS AT WORK


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RELEVANCE TO DAILY LIFE


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MINERAL DEPOSITS


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RESOURCE EXPLORATION


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Earth processes that cause life and property loss: Flooding

Earthquake

Volcanic Activity Landslide

Mudflows www.pinoyvote.infowww.pinoytutorial.comByDwi

Obli,Reuters

http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs114-

ByLauro

Naranjo,2007

GEOHAZARDS


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If we intend to live

onand with this

planet, we truly

need to understandhow it works and to

understand the

many components

that make up theEarth

Documents

Geo11-01_Intro to Geol by ms. gabo, upm