01.Concepdddddt of Data

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Concept of Data

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Rakesh S. Pandya


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Data

What is data ?

Data represents a fact or statement of eventwithout relation to other things.

Ex: It is raining.

Data is a collection of facts, such as values or

measurements. It can be numbers, words,measurements, observations or even justdescriptions of things.

Data can be qualitative or quantitative.

Qualitative data is descriptive information (itdescribessomething)

Quantitative data, is numerical information(numbers).

Concept of Data (RS Pandya) 2


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Data

Hence data is simply exists and it has nosignificance beyond its existence (in and of

itself). It can exist in any form, usable or

not. It does not have meaning of itself.


Quantitative data can also beDiscrete or Continuous:

Discrete data can only take

certain values (like whole

numbers)

Continuous data can take anyvalue (within a range)

Put simply: Discrete data is

counted, Continuous data is

measured
http://www.mathsisfun.com/data/data-discrete-continuous.htmlhttp://www.mathsisfun.com/data/data-discrete-continuous.html


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Data

Data type ? Data type or a type of data is same.

It can also be a data storage format that contains

specific type or range of values.

A computer programs store data in variables.

Each variable may be assigned to a specific datatype such as : integers, floating point numbers

(fractional), characters, string, array, dates and

Boolean.

Data types are used in all Database application.Ex. Var1 may have value 1.25 is a floating point

Var1 may have value 345 is an Integer

Var1 may have value Helloworld is a string



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Data

Data that :

has been verified to be accurate and timely

available

is specific and organized for a purpose

Is presented within a context that gives itmeaning and relevance and

can lead to an increase in understanding and

decrease uncertainty



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Information

What is Information? Information embodies the understanding of

a relationship of some sort, possibly causeand effect.

Ex: The temperature dropped 15 degrees

and then it started raining.

Information is processed data that hasbeen given meaning by way of relationalconnection. In Computer Based Business

Information System a relationaldatabase makes information from thedata stored within it.



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Information

Information is also data that have

been processed from another datawith meaningful and usefulness.The terms meaningful anduseful are value-laden terms andusually subsume other qualitiessuch as timeliness, relevance,reliability, consistency,comparability.


Data_1

Days Worked

30

Data_2

Rate per Day

Rs. 50

Process forTotal Amount to pay

Days worked

x Rate per Day

Information

Data_1 x Data_2

30 x 50 = 1500

The value of information lies solelyin its ability to affect a behaviour,decision or outcome. A piece ofinformation is considered valuelessif after receiving it things remainsunchanged.


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Process

What is Process? A process is a program which perform its

task.

A process is a set of logical instructions tobe performed in sequence.

All programs (system or application)performed the specific processes for whichthey are coded.

Many processes work in foreground or inbackground.

A process may be combination of varioussub-processes. Hence end result depends onthe completion of all sub-processes.

Ex. In the previous example Multiplication is a process.



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Reference Material

1. Using Technology in the Classroom, 5th

ed. 2002, Allyn and Bacon; Boston by

Gary Bitter & Melissa Pierson

2. Teaching with Technology, 1998,

Harcourt Brace College Publishers; FortWorth by Priscilla Norton & Karin M.

Wiburg



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01.Concepdddddt of Data