015 018 DOPA TX RESG MS C1 L4 141149 - Edl 1615_018_DOPA_TX_RESG_MS_C1_L4_141149.indd 16 66/26/14 5:36 PM/26/14 5:36 PM. PDF PROOF Program: DOPA_TX Component: RESG

PDF PROOFProgram: DOPA_TX Component: RESG

Vendor: Six Red Marbles Grade: Middle School TX

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NAME _______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________

Exploring Social Studiesnetw rks

Terms to Know culture way of life of people who share similar beliefs and customsethnic group a group that shares a language, history, religion, and some physical traitsmulticultural made up of many different ethnic or cultural groupsimmigration the process of coming to live in another countryfactors any of the things that causes or influences somethingdiscoveries the process of learning or finding something newinnovation something that improves upon or makes a significant contribution to an existing product, process, or serviceaccess to get at or obtain

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do new ideas change the way people live?

Lesson 4 Culture, Science, and Society

Where in the world?

What do you know?In the first column, answer the questions based on what you know before you study. After this lesson, complete the last column.

Now... Later...What is a culture?What has shaped the history of the United States?What changed transportation and communications forever?

NUMBER OFIMMIGRANTS

SOURCE: Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Services: 2010 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics

100,000 or above

50,000–99,999

10,000–49,999

1,000–9,999

999 or fewer

NUMBER OFIMMIGRANTS

(2010)

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Listing1. List three ways you

can understand a culture.

Defining2. What is an ethnic

group?

Marking the Text

3. Circle in the text the kind of culture multicultural countries have.

Summarizing4. Why did most

immigrants leave their homelands? Why did they come to the United States?

What Is Culture?Guiding Question What influences have shaped American culture? A culture is a way of life of people who share much the same beliefs and customs. You can understand a culture by looking at the languages the people speak, their religions, and the smaller groups that are part of their society. It also is important to look at people’s daily lives, the history they share, and their art.

Different groups of people are found in each society. Each of us belongs to many social groups. We learn the rules of behavior of the groups to which we belong. We also have a certain importance or rank in those groups. The family is the most important social group. Most of us first learn how to behave from our families.

People also belong to an ethnic group. This is a group that shares a language, history, religion, and some physical traits. Some countries, like the United States, are multicultural. This means they are made up of many different ethnic or cultural groups. These countries have a national culture that all their people share, as well as the many different ethnic cultures.

The United States is a multicultural nation because immigration has shaped its history. Immigrants have been coming to America for hundreds of years. No matter when they have come, most have done so for the same reasons.

Most immigrants left their homelands because they did not have economic opportunities or were persecuted (abused) for their religious or political beliefs. Many also left to escape war or political unrest.

The immigrants were drawn to the United States by the right to have religious, political, and personal freedom. They believed that in America there would be land, jobs, and other economic opportunities. They wanted a chance to share in what is known as the “American Dream.”

We can learn a lot about a culture through the arts. The arts are music, painting, sculpture, dance, and literature. The arts can tell us what people think is beautiful and important. They can tell stories about important people and events in a culture’s past. They also can help us understand the issues of modern times.

Lesson 4 Culture, Science, and Society, Continued




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Describing5. What kind of changes

took place over time in art, literature, and music?

Reading Progress Check

6. What is the difference between an ethnic group and a culture?

Marking the Text

7. Underline in your text three scientific and medical discoveries that have changed the way people live.

Defining8. What is a

technological innovation?

During colonial times, art, literature, and music were modeled after British and European styles. Over time, that changed. American writers like Washington Irving began to use settings, characters, and humor that were American. American artists like George Catlin and George Caleb Bingham began painting scenes of America.

Art reflected how some things stayed the same in the American way of life and how other things changed. For example, a painting of a blacksmith shows a traditional feature of rural life in early America. A painting of a metal factory reflects change in America.

Americans also developed a new style of music. Stephen Foster combined African and European music to create truly American songs about life in the South. Lowell Mason composed the music for more than 1600 church hymns. Enslaved African Americans who turned to Christianity expressed their beliefs in the spiritual, an African American religious folk song.

Science and TechnologyGuiding Question What effects have science and technology had on the nation’s development? Americans have felt the huge impact of science and technology in almost every part of their daily lives. Science and technology affect our home and school life and our work. They also affect what we do to relax, what we eat, and the clothes we wear.

Scientific and medical discoveries, or findings, like the three below have changed the way people live.

• Ben Franklin experimented with electricity in 1752 and developed the lightning rod.

• In the 1840s two doctors used ether as an anesthetic (painkiller) during surgery for the first time.

• In 1955 Dr. Jonas Salk’s vaccine against a disease called polio was proven safe and made widely available.

A technological innovation is something that is a better way of doing things or that improves on something that already exists. Many such innovations from the past still affect our lives today.





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Marking the Text

9. Highlight in the text the reasons why many people moved from farms and villages to cities.

Reading Progress Check

10. Which persons’ contributions have improved communications? Which have improved transportation?


1850 1900 1950 2000

1886 Josephine Cochrane-invents a mechanical dishwasher

1975 Bill Gates and Paul Allen start a company to develop computer operating systems

1908 Henry Ford’s assembly line makes the first mass-produced automobile

1876 Alexander Graham Bell tests the telephone

1879 Thomas Edison perfects the light bulb

1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first powered airplane flight

New technology changed transportation and communications forever. It began America’s change from an agricultural (farming) to an urban, industrial nation.

Thousands of people moved from farms and villages to town to find factory jobs that paid more. To serve industry, warehouses, banks, and insurance companies developed. These, in turn, attracted more industry and more workers.

Cities also offered things farm life did not. Cities had running water and modern plumbing. They had telephones and other forms of communication. Cities had museums, libraries, and convenient transportation.

In 1820 only one American city had more than 100,000 people living there. By 1860, eight American cities had that many people or more.

WritingCheck for Understanding1. Expository Why is the United States a multicultural country?

2. Expository What began America’s change from an agricultural to an urban, industrial nation?


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015 018 DOPA TX RESG MS C1 L4 141149 - Edl 1615_018_DOPA_TX_RESG_MS_C1_L4_141149.indd 16 66/26/14 5:36 PM/26/14 5:36 PM. PDF PROOF Program: DOPA_TX Component: RESG