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50

\MIM;N=I>C-HI<-WNCD,-RNC-&@?:FMP-'MPJBCP<R-<-HI=SB=-:C:NC?F-P-:PCG:NPé-:-BCDCD-2I<?-'CFECI9;CEC,-NM;-;M;-P-1155/1156-E.-C>-PJBMF-:PCL-BCRA-@M-:J>M-2I<?-(<,-:CCNP=N:NP=>>C,-KIMNM-(>BI=?-.CECFLK:;CEC)-–-6F=KM,-<-P-<:NCI<<-WNCEC-KIM;M-DJ-<D==D-B=FC-:->M:NCFA;C-HI<R9BF<PJD-:CCN>CY=><=D-DMNI<DC><MFA>JT-<-HCF<N<R=:;<T- :P?@=G,- RNC- ECPCI<NA-C-HIC:NCG- @MP<:<DC:N<-CB>CEC-CN-BI9ECEC,-HC-P<B<DCD9,->=-HI<TCB<N:?18.-$M;-<F<-<>MR=,- =BPM-F<-DCS>C-9NP=ISBMNA,-RNC-(>BI=G-<-6F=K-P-N9-HCI9,-;CEBM-C:MSBMF:?-!Q<S,-B=G:NPCPMF<-PC-P:=D-@MCB>C,-BC:NMNCR>C-S=-CNBMF=>>C=-:PCG:NPó-&@?:FMPM-<-(>BI=?-:;CI==-DCEFC-:F9S<NA-F<YA-HCPCBCD-BF?-HC<:;M-:CL@><R=:;<T-CN>CY=><G.-'F?-BMFA>=GY<T-H=I=ECPCICP-<-P@M<DCB=G:NP<?-HCNI=KCPMFC:A-:PC=EC-ICBM-CK>CPF=><=-<-@>MR<N=FA>C=-9:<F=><=-WNCEC-:PCG:NPá.-

)-BI9ECG-:NCIC>J,-P-H=I:H=;N<P=-KCF==-BF<N=FA>CG-BF?-(>BI=?-.CECFLK:;CEC-I=YMLQ==-@>MR=><=-DCEFC-<D=NA-D=:NC-=EC-K9B9Q=EC-@?N?-P-ICBCPCG-:<:N=D=.-!-:MDCD-B=F=,->MY=-PC:HI<?N<=-)P?NC:FMPM-!Q<S:;CEC-PC-D>CECD-B=N=ID<><ICPM>C-N=D,-RNC-C>-9D=I-IM>C19,-P-:9Q>C:N<,-DMFC-9:H=P-:MDC:NC?N=FA>C-HIC?P<NA-:=K?->M-HCF<N<R=:;CG-:O=>=.-/=SB9-N=D->M-I9K=S=-50–60-T-ECBCP-XII-P.-=EC-K9B9Q>C:NA-DCEFM-HI=B:NMPF?NA:?-P-:CP=IY=>>C-<>CD-:P=N=.-1>-KJF->=-NCFA;C-=B<>:NP=>>JD- HF=D?>><;CD- ;>?@?,- >=:;CFA;C- IM@- @M><DMPY=EC- ;<=P:;<G- :NCF,- >C- <- PCCKQ=-=B<>:NP=>>JD->M:F=B><;CD-P:=G-P=NP<-;>?@=G-'MPJBCP<R=G,-HCNCD;CP-'MPJBM-)P?NC:FMP<RM,-;CNCIJ=-KJF<-:NMIY=-1FAECP<R=G-HC-<@>MRMFA>CD9-ICBCPCD9-:R=N9.-$M;<D-CKIM@CD,-P-K9B9Q=D-P->=D-DCS>C-KJFC-P<B=NA-CB>CEC-<@-:=IA=@>JT-HI=N=>B=>NCP-;M;->M-B<>M:N<R=:;C=-:NMIY<>:NPC,-NM;-<->M-;<=P:;<G-:NCF.-"=-<:;FLR=>C,-RNC-HCD<DC-KF<SMGY=G-PC=>>CG-NM;N<;<-(>BI=G-.CECFLK:;<G-<D=F-P-P<B9-<-BMFA>LL-:NIMN=E<L-ICB:NPM-:-WN<D-HC:F=B><D-HI=B:NMP<N=F=D-BCDM-'MPJBCPM20.-

&HMNA=P:;CEC-:PCBM->=-CHC@>MF-P-BP9T-WN<T-WH<@CBMT-<@CKIMS=><=-CB>CEC-<-NCEC-S=-PC=>>CEC-HI=BHI<?N<?,-CB>M;C-NM;C=-BCH9Q=><=-NI=K9=N-BCPCFA>C-:FCS>JT-I=;C>:NI9;NJT-9:<F<G-<-@MD=N>JT-H=I=:NM>CPC;-HI<-CHI=B=F=><<-TIC>CFCE<R=:;CG-HC:F=BCPMN=FA>C:N<-P:=T-:CH9N:NP9LQ<T-:CKJN<G,-9:<F<G,->M->MY-P@EF?B,-<@F<Y><T.-/J-HCFMEM=D,-RNC-P-&HMNA=P:;CG-F=NCH<:<-<D=LN:?-BPM-CH<:M><?-HCTCBM->M-!Q<S-<D=>>C-HCNCD9,-RNC-C:MBM-!Q<SM-HI=BHI<><-DMFM:A-BPMSBJ,-HI<->=:;CFA;C-IM@F<R>JT-CK:NC?N=FA:NPMT-<,-RNC-:MDC=-:9Q=:NP=>>C=,-:-IM@F<R>JD<-I=@9FANMNMD<:-P-H=IPCD-:F9RM=-P=:NA-C-HI<KF<SMLQ<T:?-PCG:;MT-.CECFLK:;CEC-@M:NMP<FM-;CMF<O<L-@M;FLR<NA-PJ>9SB=>>JG-D<I-<-CN:N9H<NA,-CB>M;C,-BCSBMPY<:A-9TCBM-(>BI==PCG-HCDCQ<,-;>?@A?-P>CPA-P@?F<:A-@M-C:MB9-ECICBM-<-P-;C>O=-;C>OCP-@M:NMP<F<-)P?NC:FMPM-!FMB<D<ICP<RM-HI<>?NA-<T-9:FCP<?.-UCBR=I;>=D,-N=D->=-D=>==,-RNC-><-NM,-><-BI9EM?-NIM;NCP;M-:CKJN<G-HCB-!Q<S=D->=-PF<?=N-HI<>O<H<MFA>C->M-<>N=IHI=NMO<L-PC=>>C-HCF<N<R=:;<T-HI<R<>-<-CK:NC?N=FA:NP-KIM;M-)P?NC:FMPM-<-BCR=I<-(>BI=?.-18--!-:MDCD-B=F=,-6F=K-2IA=P<R-HCDCEMF-&@?:FMP9-'MPJBCP<R9-=Q=-P-N9-HCI9,-;CEBM-<>N=I=:J-&@?:FMPM-<-6F=KCPM-CNOM,-2I<?,-KJF<-B<MD=NIMFA>C-HICN<PCHCFCS>J.-&D=>>C-<@-I9;-&@?:FMPM-6F=K,-=Q=->=-K9B9R<-:P?@M>-:-><D-9@MD<-:PCG:NPá,-HCF9R<F-;>?S=:;<G-:NCF-P-U=I=?:FMPF=-(U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-476).-7<YA-HC@B>==,-:<B?-P-,<=P=-<-:NI=D?:A-HI<D<I<NA:?-:-&@?:FMPCD-'MPJBCP<R=D,-2I<G-'CFECI9;<G-S=><N-:IMP><N=FA>C->=BMP>C-CPBCP=PY=EC-6F=KM->M-BCR=I<-HC:F=B>=EC-($MD-S=.-)NK.-482).-,M;<=-KJ-HCF<N<R=:;<=-O=F<-><-HI=:F=BCPMF<:A-P-9:NICG:NP=-WNCG-:PMBAKJ,-C>M-;M;-K9BNC->=-BM=N-CQ9N<DJT-I=@9FANMNCP-><-P-KF<S>=G,-><-P-BMFA>=G-H=I:H=;N<P=:-HC-:P<B=N=FA:NP9-F=NCH<:<,-&@?:FMP-CR=>A-:;CIC-:NMF-@MDJYF?NA-PC=>>JG-HCTCB-HICN<P-:PC=EC-:PMNM-2I<?-($MD-S=.-)NK.-488–489),-<-F<YA-:D=INA-'CFECI9;CEC->MI9Y<FM-WN<-HFM>J.-.CF==-NCEC,-HMIMBC;:MFA>JD-CKIM@CD-KIM;-WNCN-;M;-K9BNC-KJ->MP:=EBM-H=I=;IJPM=N-;M>MF-BF?-PC=>>C-HCF<N<R=:;CEC-:CNI9B><R=:NPM-D=SB9-N=:N=D-<-@?N=D,-&@?:FMPCD-<-6F=KCD,-C:NMPF??,-PHICR=D,-D=:NC-BF?-:CK:NP=>>C-:=D=G>CG-HCBB=IS;<.-$M;,-6F=K->=-CN;M@JPM=N-P-HI<LN=-:PC=G-N=Q=,-S=>=-&@?:FMPM-'MPJBCP<RM:-«;>ÿE<><-S=-K SM-;-@ÿN<-6F KCP<-U=I=a:FMPFL-.-<-ÜN9B - TM->M-6CICBC;^.-NM->M->M-6F KFA.-NM->M-\CICKCI^.-NM->M-%CH=:;^»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«$CD-S=-F N-C9DI=-(>BI =P>M-.-@M-WFECD^-@M-) ~NC:FMP<R=D»-(U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-527).-!-IMKCNMT-HC-E=>=MFCE<<-%LI<;CP<R=G-WNCN-KIM;-<>CEBM-<E>CI<I9=N:?-PCP:=-(Baumgarten"N.-Genealogies-et-marriages-occidentaux-des-Rurikides-russes-du-Xe-au-XIIIe-siècle.-Roma,-1927-(Orientalia-Christiana-9:-1,-Num.-35,-Maio)),-M-<>CEBM-9HCD<>M=N:?-CR=>A-;CICN;C-:-IM@F<R>CG-H=I:C>MFA>CG-MNI<K9O<=G-=EC-9RM:N><;CP-<,-;M;-HIMP<FC,-K=@-;M;CG-F<KC-MIE9D=>NMO<<-P-HCFA@9-NCG-<F<-<>CG-P=I:<<-<T-<B=>N<X<;MO<<.-1R=PC,-RNC-9HCD?>9NJG-@B=:A-1F=E-)P?NC:FMP<R-–-WNC-:J>-)P?NC:FMPM-!:=PCFCB<RM-<-P>9;-!:=PCFCBM-1FAECP<RM,-TCN?-<>CEBM-D9S-WNCG-(>BI==P>J-CY<KCR>C-CNCSB=:NPF?=N:?-:-BI9E<D-1F=ECD-)P?NC:FM-

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51

)9B?-HC-P:=D9,-CNHIMPF??:A->M-;<=P:;<G-:NCF-HC:F=-:D=IN<-2I<?-'CFECI9;CEC,-&@?:FMP-'MPJBCP<R-:CK<IMF:?-@M;I=H<NA-@M-HF=D?>><;CD-R=I><ECP:;C=-;>?S=><=:-C>-C:NMP<F-)P?NC:FMPM-P- WNCD- ECICB=,- EB=- HI=SB=-–- ;- >=9BCPCFA:NP<L-1FAECP<R=G-–- ;>?S<F- =EC- CN=O,-!FMB<D<I-'MPJBCP<R.-%M@9D==N:?,-P-CNF<R<=-CN-:PC=EC-CNOM,-)P?NC:FMP->=-<D=F-HI=<D9Q=:NPM-P-ICBCPCD-:R=N=-HC-CN>CY=><L-;-:PC=D9-BPCLICB>CD9-B?B=-)P?NC:FMP9-1FAECP<R9,-<-HCNCD9-HC:F=-H=I=ECPCICP-C>-KJF-PJ>9SB=>-BC-HCIJ-C:NMP<NA-*=I><ECP,->C-B<>M:N<R=:;M?-@M?P;M->M-:NMIY<>:NPC-P-:PC=D-:CK:NP=>>CD- HC;CF=><<- KJFM,- NM;<D- CKIM@CD,- 9S=- :B=FM>M21.-!- HCFA@9- PJ:C;CEC- HCN=>O<MFM-)P?NC:FMPM-!Q<S:;CEC- P- ICBCPCG- <=IMIT<<- :P<B=N=FA:NP9=N,- >M- >MY- P@EF?B,- <- HC:F=B9LQ==->M:NCGR<PC=- :NI=DF=><=- HI=B:NMP<N=FA>CG- ;>?S=:;CG- ;CMF<O<<- >=- PJN=:><NA- =EC- <@-!Q<SM,->C-HI=SB=-P:=EC-BCK<NA:?-CN->=EC-HI<@>M><?-@MP<:<DC:N<-CN-)P?NC:FMPM-1FAECP<RM-–->M@JPM?-CNOCD->=-ICB>CEC,-M-BPCLICB>CEC-B?BL,-PQ<S:;<G-;>?@A-HI=B:NM=N-9S=->=-;M;-=B<>:NP=>>JG->M:F=B><;-'MPJBCP<R=G,-M-F<YA-;M;-CB<>-<@-P=:ADM-D>CECR<:F=>>JT-HI=B:NMP<N=F=G-DFMBY=G-F<><<-1FAECP<R=G,-C>-;M;-KJ->MH=I=B-CNI=;M=N:?-N=D-:MDJD-CN-:NMIY<>:NPM-:I=B<-HCNCD;CP-C:>CPMN=F?-R=I><ECP:;CG-P=NP<-%LI<;CP<R=G,-)P?NC:FMPM,-:J>M-5IC:FMPM-/9BICEC.-

"=:;CFA;C- 9HICQM?- B=FC,- DCS>C- :;M@MNA,- RNC- PMS>=GYM?- O=FA-S=><NAKJ-)P?NC:FMPM-@M;FLRMFM:A- P- NCD,- RNCKJ- <@K=SMNA- NM;CEC- ICBM- HC><S=><?- B<>M:N<R=:;CEC- :NMN9:M.-UI<-WNCD-:F=B9=N-HI<>?NA-PC-P><DM><=,-RNC-.CECFLK:;<G-;-1159/1160- E.-CN>LBA->=-<D=F-=Q=-N=T-PC@DCS>C:N=G-DM><H9F<ICPMNA-R9S<D<-;>?S=:;<D<-:NCFMD<-<-HC@<O<?D<-P-ICBCPCG-<=IMIT<<,-;M;CPJ=- C>- B=DC>:NI<I9=N- B=:?N<F=N<=- :H9:N?,- <,- :CCNP=N:NP=>>C,- P- KCFAY=G-D=I=- >9SBMF:?-P- :PCG:NP=>><;MT,- F=E<N<D>C-HI=N=>BCPMPY<T->M- P=ITCP>9L-PFM:NA.-,M;-DJ-HCD><D,- P:=- WN<->MB=SBJ->=-CHIMPBMF<:A,-<-)P?NC:FMP->=-NCFA;C->=-9:H=F-@M?P<NA-HI=N=>@<G->M-;<=P:;<G-<F<-BMS=-R=I><ECP:;<G-:NCF,->C-:;C>RMF:?,-HC-P<B<DCD9,->=-C:NMP<P-D9S:;CEC-HCNCD:NPM.-\MIM;N=I>C,-CB>M;C,-RNC-P-<@P=:N<<-CK-WNCD-:CKJN<<-F=NCH<:=O->MTCB<N->9S>JD-9HCD?>9NA,-RNC-;>?@A-KJF-P>9;CD-'MPJBM22,-HCBR=I;<PM?-N=D-:MDJD-NC-CK:NC?N=FA:NPC,-RNC-KCF==-HI?DJT->M:F=B><;CP-P-WNCG-F<><<->=-C:NMPMFC:A-<-HF=D?-'MPJBCP<R=G,-<EIMPY==-:NCFA-@>MR<N=FA>9L-ICFA-P-H=IPCG-HCFCP<>=-:NCF=N<?,-C;C>RMN=FA>C-:CYFC-:C-:O=>J.-

&NM;,- HC:N=H=>>C- H=I=B- >MD<- PJI<:CPJPMLN:?- NM;N<R=:;<=- <- :NIMN=E<R=:;<=- HI<R<>J-WNCEC-DMNI<DC><MFA>CEC-:CL@M-D=SB9-ICB:NP=>><;MD<-P-6-G-:N=H=><-<,-:CCNP=N:NP=>>C,-?:>==-:NM>CP<N:?-B<>M:N<R=:;<G-CKF<;-;>?@?,-;CNCIJG-DCE-@M;FLR<NA-:NCFA-9?@P<DJG-:-;M>C><R=:;CG-NCR;<-@I=><?-KIM;.-,M;-;MS=N:?,-P-WNCD-B<>M:N<R=:;CD-CKF<;=-–-HCD<DC-R=IN-9><;MFA>JT-<F<-

P<R=D,-:J>CD-)P?NC:FMPM-1FAECP<RM-<-P>9;CD-1F=EM-)P?NC:FMP<RM-(C4(,/40"C."5.-%LI<;CP<R<:-&:NCI<R=:;<G-:FCPMIA.-/.,-2008.-).-501.-]-314;-).-516.-]-342).-1B>M;C-WNCN-HC:F=B><G-1F=E-KJF-P-N9-S=-HCI9-S=>MN->M-(EMXA=-%C:N<:FMP>=-(U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-524–525,-528)-<,-NM;<D-CKIM@CD,-KJNA-D9S=D-(>BI==P>J->=-DCE.-,=D-S=-KJFM-:;C>RMPYM?:?-(>BI==P>M?-)H<:C;-;M>B<BMNCP->M-ICFA-==-CNOM-BC:NMNCR>C-CEIM><R=>:-C>M-DCEFM-KJNA-<F<-BCR=IAL-(>BI=?-.CECFLK:;CEC,-<F<-BCR=IAL-=EC-B?B<,-(>BI=?-!FMB<D<ICP<RM-'CKICEC,-HI<R=D-H=IPC=-;9BM-KCF==-P=IC?N>C,-R=D-PNCIC=.-!-:MDCD-B=F=,-==-D9S,-1F=E-)P?NC:FMP<R,-:J>-)P?NC:FMPM-!:=PCFCB<RM,-HC?P<F:?->M-:P=N->=-IM>==-1144-E.-(=EC-CN=O-S=><F:?-P-1143-E.-(U)%7.-$.-I.-)NK.-310;-$.-II.-)NK.-313)),-M-:;CI==-BMS=->=:;CFA;C-HC@S=,-=:F<-!FMB<D<I-)P?NC:FMP<R-(;M;-NIMB<O<C>>C-HCFMEMLN-<::F=BCPMN=F<)-KJF-=EC-:NMIY<D-KIMNCD.-&>JD<-:FCPMD<,-C>->=-:F<Y;CD-:<FA>C-CNF<RMF:?-HC-PC@IM:N9-CN-:PC=EC-ICB<RM,-)P?NC:FMPM-!Q<S:;CEC.-)CCNP=N:NP=>>C,-CB>M-<@-BCR=I=G-.CECFLK:;CEC-HCBTCB<FM-1F=E9-<-HC-ECBMD,-<-HC-:R=N9-HC;CF=><G,-<-HC-:CCKIMS=><?D-ICB:NPM-<-:PCG:NPá-–-C><-KJF<-ICB:NP=>><;MD<-F<YA-P-7-G-:N=H=><,-RNC->=-HICN<PCI=R<FC-;>?S=:;<D-KIMR>JD-CKJRM?D,-BM-<-:PCG:NPó-D=SB9-><D<-KJFC-P-N9-HCI9-BC:NMNCR>C-CNBMF=>>JD.-+:F<-S=-HI=BHCFCS<NA,-RNC-S=>CL-1F=EM-)P?NC:FMP<RM-KJFM-BCRA-(>BI=?-'CKICEC,-NC-WNC-HCNI=K9=N-CN->M:-:F<Y;CD-D>CE<T-BCH9Q=><G.-!C-H=IPJT,-WNC-KJF-KJ-=Q=-CB<>-KIM;-D=SB9-ICB:NP=>><;MD<-P-6-G-:N=H=><;-PC-PNCIJT,-RNCKJ->=-KJNA->MD>CEC-:NMIY=-:PC=EC-HI=BHCFMEM=DCEC-D9SM,-C>M-BCFS>M-KJFM-KJ-HC?P<NA:?->M-:P=N->=HC:I=B:NP=>>C-P-ECB-:D=IN<-:PC=EC-CNOM-<F<-BMS=-HC:F=-=EC-;C>R<>J-P-1142-E.-UCD<DC-P:=EC-HICR=EC,-BCRA-(>BI=?-'CKICEC-HC-CKQ=ICBCPCD9-:R=N9-C;M@MFM:A-KJ->M-HC;CF=><=-:NMIY=-:PC=EC-HI=BHCFMEM=DCEC-S=><TM.-$M;<D-CKIM@CD,-N=:N=D-1F=EM-)P?NC:FMP<RM,-:J>M-)P?NC:FMPM-!:=PCFCB<RM,-KJF,-:;CI==-P:=EC,-<D=>>C-(>BI=G-.CECFLK:;<G.21--U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-490.22--ZN<D-:CCKQ=><=D-CN;IJPM=N:?-F=NCH<:>M?-:NMNA?-P-&HMNA=P:;CD-:PCB=-HCB-6675-E.:-«19DI=-) ~NC:FMP^-!CFCB<-D<I<RA.-P^-!Q<S<-P>9;^-'PB~P^»-(U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-525).-

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52

:<LD<>9N>JT-–-DCS>C->MGN<-<-R=INJ,-NM;-:;M@MNA,-N<H<R=:;<=,-HC@PCF?LQ<=-HC>?NA,-;M;-<-HCR=D9-P-BCDC>ECFA:;CG-%9:<-@M;FLRMF<:A-<-BI9E<=-;>?S=:;<=-KIM;<-HCBCK>CEC-ICBM.-

1ECPCI<D:?,- PHICR=D,- :IM@9-S=,- RNC- ><- CB>M- <@- NM;<T- N<H<R=:;<T- R=IN- >=- ?PF?=N:?-CK?@MN=FA>CG-<->=-CKFMBM=N-K=@9:FCP>CG-CK^?:><N=FA>CG-:<FCG.-$=D->=-D=>==,->M->MY-P@EF?B,-HI=B:NMPF?=N:?->=DMFCPMS>JD,->MHI<D=I,-RNC->MY-)P?NC:FMP-!Q<S:;<G-IM>C-C:<ICN=F-<-HI<-WNCD-C;M@MF:?-EFMP>JD->M:F=B><;CD-:PC=EC-CNOM-(C>-KJF,-;M;-9S=-ECPCI<FC:A,-=Q=-<-=B<>:NP=>>JD->M:F=B><;CD-O=FCG-ICBCPCG-P=NP<,->C-WNC-CK:NC?N=FA:NPC-:;CI==-HI<>MBF=S<N-;-R<:F9-9><;MFA>JT-HMIMD=NICP-<D=>>C-BM>>CG-DMNI<DC><MFA>CG-:<N9MO<<).-

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F9ECICB9-HI<B=-KC-;->=D9-.MY;CIB^-P^-~;.-NJ:ÿRA-ÜR<D-/A:FMPFA-(-.3.--3)'<.(4-'-DA:N<:FMPFA:-:N<--3%-%,)(4"():",&34/40).-!CFCB<D<I<RM.-K -KC-D~N<-=EC-K SMFM-P-UCFCPO<.-<-YFM-@M->A»-(U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-500–501).-UIMP<FA>C=->MH<:M><=-<D=><-;>?@?-(«PCNR<D-)P?NC:FMPFA-!CFCB<D<I<R?»)-:D.-P:-U)%7.-/.;-7.,-1949.-$.-XXV.-).-65.-%9::;<G-;>?@A-BCDC>ECFA:;CEC-PI=D=><->=-DCE-S=><NA:?->M-PBCP=-BI9ECEC-I9::;CEC-;>?@?,-<-HCNCD9-CPBCP=PYM?-;>?E<>?,-HCKJPMPYM?-@MD9S=D-@M-;=D-F<KC-<@-%LI<;CP<R=G,-PJ>9SB=>M-KJFM-C:NMPMNA:?-PBCPCL-<F<-PJTCB<NA-@MD9S-@M-HI=B=FMD<-%9:<,-@M-HI=B:NMP<N=F=G-<>JT-@>MN>JT-ICBCP-($%&'%()"!."#.,"+,-.(,/%0"#."*.-$IM=;NCI<<-NIMB<O<<:-6FMPJ-<@-<:NCI<<-B<>M:N<<-<-O=I;P<->M-%9:<-;C>OM-XI-–->MRMFM-XIII-P=;M.-/.,-2010.-).-48–55;-DE"8..-V>MN>M?-PBCPM-P-:I=B>=P=;CPCG-);M>B<>MP<<-<->M-%9:<:-/MNI<DC><MFA>J=-:NIMN=E<<-<-F=E=>BJ-PFM:N<-//-)FMP?>=-<-<T-:C:=B<.-XXV-;C>X=I=>O<?-HMD?N<-!.-'.-,CICFL;M:-UI=BM><?-<-D<XJ-C-HIC<:-TCSB=><<-PFM:N<-WHCT<-)I=B>=P=;CPA?-<-IM>>=EC-"CPCEC-PI=D=><.-/MN-FJ-;C>X=I=>O<<.-/.,-2010.-).-78–82).-*MQ=-NM;C=-:F9RMFC:A-:-<>C:NIM>;MD<,-CB>M;C-PBCPM-!FMB<D<IM-'MPJBCP<RM,-;M;-DJ-HC:NMIMF<:A-HICB=DC>:NI<ICPMNA-PJY=,-KJFM-9ICSB=>>CG-%LI<;CP>CG,-<-<D=>>C-P-WNCD-CN>CY=><<-==-:F9RMG-?PF?=N:?-9><;MFA>JD-HCBNP=ISB=><=D-CKQ=EC-DMNI<DC><MFA>CEC-HIMP<FM.-UI=SB=-P:=EC,-P=:ADM-TMIM;N=I>C,-RNC-9;M@M><=->M-KIM;-P-F=NCH<:<-:NIC<N:?-:-HCDCQAL-EFMECFM-«K SMFM»-–-HC-P<B<DCD9,->M-%9:<-HCHIC:N9->=-:9Q=:NPCPMFC-><;M;CEC-D=TM><@DM-PJBMR<-PBCPJ-%LI<;CP<RM-@MD9S,-=B<>:NP=>>JD-:HC:CKCD-C:9Q=:NPF=><?-WNCG-HICO=B9IJ-KJF-9TCB,-K=E:NPC.-)-BI9ECG-:NCIC>J,-BF?->M:->=-D=>==-FLKCHJN>C,-RNC-;>?E<>?-<-==->CPJG-D9S-?P>C-:CTIM><F<-:MDJ=-N=:>J=-;C>NM;NJ-:-C:NMPMPY<D:?->M-%9:<-:J>CD-!:=PCFCB;CP>J-CN-H=IPCEC-KIM;M:-.MY;CIB-<D=>9=N:?-4&F%A4A-)P?NC:FMPM,-RNC,-PCCKQ=-ECPCI?,-?PF?=N:?-:PC=CKIM@>JD-EMHM;:CD,-NM;-;M;-WNC-=B<>:NP=>>JG-:F9RMG-9HCNI=KF=><?-BM>>CEC-N=ID<>M-:PCG:NPá-HI<D=><N=FA>C-;-;>?@L-BCDC>ECFA:;CG-HCIJ-P-BI=P>=GY<T-I9::;<T-F=NCH<:?T.-*NC-=Q=-KCF==-9B<P<N=FA>C,-P=:ADM-N=:>J=-:CL@><R=-:;<=-CN>CY=><?-:P?@JPMLN-HCFCP=O;CEC-TM>M-:-KJPY<D-B=P=I=D-=EC->CPCG-S=>J,-B?B=G-)P?NC:FMPM-!FMB<D<ICP<RM-&@?:FMPCD.-'?B?-<-HF=D?>><;-B=G:NP9LN-@MCB>C,->C-EFMP=>:NP9LQM?-ICFA,-IM@9D==N:?,-HI<>MBF=S<N-&@?:FMP9,-<,-;M;-PC-<@-HI<P=B=>>CEC-:P<B=N=FA:NPM,-<D=>>C-=D9-HI<PCB<N->M-HCDCQA-:PC<-PCG:;M-TM>-.MY;CIB.-&@?:FMP9-'MPJBCP<R9-P-WNCD-:F9RM=-(;M;-<-D>CEC-IM@-HI=SB=)-HCDCEMFM-<-BI9EM?,->=@MP<:<DM?,-EI9HHM-HCFCPO=P-(U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-500);-PCCKQ=-ECPCI?,->MD-HI=B:NMPF?=N:?-P=:ADM-P=IC?N>JD,-RNC-C>-KJF-S=>MN->M-HCFCPRM>;=,-CB>M;C-WNC-N=DM-CNB=FA>CEC-IM@J:;M><?.-$M;-<F<-<>MR=,->=HIMPBCHCBCK>JD-P-WNCD-:P=N=-PJEF?B<N-BCH9Q=><=-'.-'CDKICP:;CEC,-:CEFM:>C-;CNCICD9-<>N=I=:9LQM?->M:-!:=PCFCB;CP>M-DCEFM-K=SMNA-;-HCFCPOMD-<-CN-S<PCEC-D9SM,-;>?@?-!FMB<D<IM-'MPJBCP<RM-(D!browski"D.-Przyczyny-i-okolczno!ci-rozpadu-ksi"#$cych-ma%#e&stw-na-Rusi-w-XII–XIII-w.-//-Kwartalnik-Historii-Kultury-Materialnej.-Nr-3–4.-2010.-).-362–363).-"=PC@DCS>C-PCCKIM@<NA,-RNCKJ-HC:F=-NM;CEC-:;M>BMFA>CEC-K=E:NPM-.MY;CIB-<-&@?:FMP,-KIMN-C:NMPF=>>CEC-:9HI9EM,-HCBB=IS<PMF<-:NCFA-KF<@;<=-BI9S=:NP=>>J=-:P?@<.-,ICD=-NCEC,-P-BM>>CD-BCH9Q=><<->=N-I=Y<N=FA>C-><;M;CG->9SBJ-<-:-NCR;<-@I=><?-TIC>CFCE<<:-!FMB<D<I-'MPJBCP<R,-;M;-DJ-HCD><D,-HCE<KM=N-P-1151-E.,-NCEBM-;M;-9HCD<>M><=-C-KIM;=-=EC-PBCPJ-:-.MY;CIBCD-CN:NC<N-CN-WNCEC-:CKJN<?-HI<KF<@<N=FA>C->M-:=DA-F=N.-24--$=-HI<D=IJ,-;CEBM-P-F=NCH<:<-DJ-<D==D-B=FC-:-KCF==-HCBICK>JD-CH<:M><=D-:PMNCP:NPM-<-KIM;M,-BMLN-PC@DCS->C:NA-9P<B=NA,-RNC-P-WNCG-D>CEC:N9H=>RMNCG-HICO=B9I=-@MB=G:NPCPMFM:A-=BPM-F<->=-O=FM?-:<:N=DM-:=D=G>JT-:P?@=G,-P-;CNCI9L-PCPF=;MF<:A-;ICP>J=-ICB:NP=>><;<-<-:PCG:NP=>><;<-:-CK=<T-:NCIC>.-$M;,->MHI<D=I,-P-:PC=-PI=D?-:PMNCD-:C-:NCIC>J-;>?@?-%LI<;M-%C:N<:FMP<RM,-@MB9DMPY=EC-S=><NA-:PC=EC-:J>M-%C:N<:FMPM->M-BCR=I<-!:=PCFCBM-.CFAYC=-6>=@BC,-PJ:N9HM=N-Y9I<>-%LI<;M,-N.-=.-KIMN-=EC-S=>J,-N9ICP:;<G-;>?@A-6F=K-2IA=P<R-(U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-658).-)PMB=K>JG-S=-HC=@B-!=IT9:FMPJ-!:=PCFCBCP>J-PC@EFMPF?LN-:J>->=->M@PM>>CG-HC-<D=><-:=:NIJ-!:=PCFCBM-5;CP-:C-:PC=G-S=>CG-($MD-S=).-&@?:FMP-/:N<:FMP<R,-P@?PY<G-S=>9-«<@^-WK=@^»,-CNHIMPF?=N-P:NI=RMNA-K9B9Q9L-DMR=T9-:PC=EC-:NMIY=EC-:J>M-/:N<:FMPM-(U)%7.-$.-I.-)NK.-341;-$.-II.-)NK.-468).-

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53

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%M@9D==N:?,-EFMP>JD<,-;NC-BCFS=>-KJF-:F=B<NA-@M-:CKFLB=><=D-;M>C>M,-KJF<->=-:MD<-;>?@A?,->C-P=>RMPY<=-<T-B9TCP>J=-F<OM.-1B>M;C-<-@B=:A-)P?NC:FMP-!Q<S:;<G-PCF=L-:9B=K-HCHMBM=N-P->=;CNCIJG-PM;99D.-)PMNCP:NPC-@MN=?F,-;M;-DJ-HCD><D,-=EC-B?B?-&@?:FMP-'MPJBCP<R,-HI=SB=->=-NCFA;C-CKFMBMPY<G-R=I><ECP:;<D-:NCFCD,->C-<-9:H=PY<G-HC:<B=NA->M-:NCF=-;<=P:;CD.-!-KCF==-KFMECHCF9R>J=-PI=D=>M-;M>C><R=:;M?-I=E9F?O<?-NM;CEC-KIM;M-BCFS>M-KJFM-<:TCB<NA-CN-PJ:Y<T-B9TCP>JT-<=IMITCP,-K9BA-NC-;<=P:;<G-D<NICHCF<N-<F<-R=I><ECP:;<G-=H<:;CH.-1B>M;C-PC@DCS>C:NA-9RM:N<?-;CEC-F<KC-<@-><T-@MD=N>C-C:FCS>?FM:A->=-NCFA;C-PC=>>JD<-B=G:NP<?D<-<-C:MBCG-!Q<SM-(>=-ECPCI?-9S=-C-;IMG>=->=CHI=B=F=>>JT->M-NCN-DCD=>N-PFM:N>JT-HI<P<F=E<?T-&@?:FMPM),->C-<-N=D,-RNC-%9:A-P-NC-PI=D?-H=I=S<PMFM-X<>MFA>JG-WNMH-O=I;CP>CG-:D9NJ-–-NCFA;C-RNC-:;C>RMF:?-P-*=I><ECP=->=9ECB>JG-DCE9Q=:NP=>>CD9-/:N<:FMP9-&@?:FMP<R9-D<NICHCF<N-,C>:NM>N<>,-S<P-<-@BIMP:NP9=N->=;CEBM-:D=Q=>>JG-:C-:PC=G-;MX=BIJ-D<NICHCF<N-,F<D-)DCF?N<R,-M-<@-,C>:NM>N<>CHCF?-=Q=->=-9:H=F-HI<KJNA->M-%9:A->CPJG-D<NICHCF<N-_=CBCI,-HC:NMPF=>>JG-KFMECBMI?-;CDHICD<::9-D=SB9-;>?@A?D<,-BC:N<E>9NCD9-=Q=-HI<-S<PCD-,C>:NM>N<>=25.-*=I><ECP:;<G-S=-=H<:;CH-(>NC><G,-EI=;-HC-HIC<:TCSB=><L,-PHC:F=B:NP<<-:JEIMPY<G-:9Q=:NP=>>9L-ICFA-P-ICBCPCD-;C>XF<;N=-1FAECP<R=G26,-HC-P:=G-P<B<DC:N<,->=-DCE-HI<>?NA-9RM:N<?-P-:PMBAK=-&@?:FMPCPM-HF=D?>><;M-HC:F=-NCFA;C-RNC-HI=BHI<>?NCG-&@?:FMPCD->=9BMR>CG-C:MBJ-*=I><ECPM.-);CI==-P:=EC,-P=>RMNA-)P?NC:FMPM-HI<YFC:A-D=:N>CD9-PQ<S:;CD9-B9TCP=>:NP9-<F<,-RNC-NCS=-PHCF>=-P=IC?N>C,-C>-P=>RMF:?-«:^-:PC<D<-HCHJ»,-;M;->=;CEBM-HC:N9H<F-=EC-ICB<R,-N=@;M-<-N=H=I=Y><G->=BI9E-)P?NC:FMP-1FAECP<R.-,M;-DJ-@>M=D-<@-CH<:M><?-S=><NAKJ-WNCEC-:NMIY=EC-<@-)P?NC:FMPCP,-NM;CEC-ICBM-:P?Q=>><;<-DCEF<-:CEFM:<NA:?->M-NC,-R=EC->=-S=FMF-N=IH=NA-<-HI<@>MPMNA-=H<:;CH27.-

!C-P:=G-WNCG-:<N9MO<<-P-O=FCD-PMS>M,-;M;-;MS=N:?,-:H=O<X<R=:;M?-IM::NM>CP;M-M;O=>NCP.-/J->=-TCN=F<-KJ-9NP=ISBMNA,->MHI<D=I,-RNC-DMNA-)P?NC:FMPM-!FMB<D<ICP<RM-PCP:=-><R=EC->=-@>MFM-C-KIM;=-:PC=EC-:J>M-<F<-RNC-B9TCP=>:NPC,->MTCB<PY==:?-PC-!Q<S=,-PCP:=->=-KJFC-C:P=BCDF=>C-C-@MHI=N=->M-:CL@-D=SB9-NICLICB>JD<-KIMNCD-<-:=:NICG.-/J-F<YA-:NI=D<D:?-HICB=DC>:NI<ICPMNA,-RNC-P:?-:CPC;9H>C:NA-:=D=G>JT,-O=I;CP>JT-<-HCF<N<R=:;<T-CK:NC?N=FA:NP-WNCEC-KIM;M-:FCS<FM:A-NM;,-RNC-:N<D9FJ-BF?-BM>>CEC-:CL@M-KJF<-CR=>A-P=F<;<,-M-KMIA=IJ-–-P=:ADM-C:FMKF=>J.-

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54

;CNCIJG-HI<D=I>C-BP9D?-B=:?N<F=N<?D<-HC@S=-NM;S=-@M;FLR<F-KIM;-:C-:PC=G-NICLICB>CG-:=:NICG,-UI=B:FMPCG,-BCR=IAL-%LI<;M-%C:N<:FMP<RM.-!-:F9RM=-:-%CDM>CD->=N-><-DMF=GY<T-:CD>=><G-P-NCD,-RNC-WNCN-DMNI<DC><MFA>JG-:CL@->MI9YM=N-;M>C><R=:;<G-@MHI=N->M-KIM;<-:-ICB:NP=>><;MD<-P-6-G-:N=H=><28,-HC:;CFA;9-P-ICB:NP=-:C:NC?F<-CNOJ-KIMR9LQ<T:?-<-<T-B=BJ-HC-D9S:;CG-F<><<,-HI<R=D-HMNI<F<>=G>M?-E=>=MFCE<?-WN<T-HCNCD;CP-/:N<:FMPM-!=F<;CEC->=-:CB=IS<N-><;M;<T-FM;9>-<F<-:FMKJT-@P=>A=P:

1N=O-%CDM>M-6MF<O;CEC,-/:N<:FMP-&@?:FMP<R,->=BMICD->C:<F-<D?-:PC=EC-HIC:FMPF=>>CEC-B=BM,-/:N<:FMPM-!=F<;CEC,-–-P-:PC=D-HC;CF=><<-C>,-K=::HCI>C,-KJF-:MDJD-?I;<D-<@-=EC-HI?DJT-HCNCD;CP.-#S=-PC-PI=D=>M-;<=P:;CEC-;>?S=><?-:PC=EC-CNOM-/:N<:FMP-KJF-B=?N=FA>JD-<-P=:ADM-9:H=Y>JD- =EC- HCDCQ><;CD,- M- HC@B>==- <D=>>C- KFMECBMI?-/:N<:FMP9- ;<=P:;<G- :NCF- 9BMFC:A-@MHCF9R<NA-%C:N<:FMP9-/:N<:FMP<R9,- =EC- B?B=.-!HC:F=B:NP<<- ;<=P:;<D- ;>?@=D- :NM>=N- <- :MD-/:N<:FMP-&@?:FMP<R,-TCN?->M-WNCD-HCHI<Q=-9:H=T-:CH9N:NPCPMF-=D9-P-D=>AY=G-D=I=,-R=D-HI=SB=,-;CEBM-C>-BCKJPMF-:NCFJ-BF?-BI9E<T.-#D=I=NA-=D9-HI<YFC:A-PC-!FMB<D<I=-!CFJ>:;CD,-BCECPCI<PY<:A-:-KIMNCD-5IC:FMPCD-79O;<D,-RNCKJ-NCD9-«>=-HCBC@I N<-PCFC:N<-HCB^-B ND<-=EC»29.

'F?-<>N=I=:9LQ=G->M:-DMNI<DC><MFA>CG-:<N9MO<<-:9Q=:NP=>>C,-RNC-WN<-B=N<,-HCNCD;<-/:N<:FMPM-&@?:FMP<RM,- HC- ICBCPCD9- :R=N9- <D=LN- HI=<D9Q=:NPC- H=I=B- HCNCD;MD<- :J>CP=G-%C:N<:FMPM,- K9BA- NC- :J>CPA?- %CDM>M,- 'MPJBM,-/:N<:FMPM- %C:N<:FMP<R=G- <F<- %LI<;M-%C:N<:FMP<RM30,-HCNCD9-RNC-<T-B=B,-&@?:FMP,-KJF-:NMIY<D-KIMNCD-%C:N<:FMPM-)DCF=>:;CEC.-,M;-DJ-HCHJNMF<:A-HC;M@MNA-PJY=,-WN<-ICBCPJ=-HI=<D9Q=:NPM-KJF<-:9Q=:NP=>>C-9:<F=>J-:MDCG-F<R>C:NAL-/:N<:FMPM-&@?:FMP<RM,-P-:PC=-PI=D?-:CNI9B><RMPY=EC-<-:HCI<PY=EC->M-IMP>JT-:C-:PC<D-B?B=G-%C:N<:FMPCD.

1B>M;C-%CDM>-/:N<:FMP<R,-P-CNF<R<=-CN-)P?NC:FMPM-!Q<S:;CEC,->=-KJF-=B<>:NP=>>JD-:J>CD-:PC=EC-CNOM.-,M;C=-S=-D=:NC-%CDM>-@M><DMF-:I=B<-KIMNA=P?-!CHIC:-C-:NMIY<>:NP=-:J>CP=G-28--"=;M>C><R>C:NA-WNCEC-KIM;M-CND=RM=N:?-P-<::F=BCPM><?T-HC-<:NCI<<-HIMPM,-HC-;IMG>=G-D=I=,-:-:=I=B<>J-XIX-P.-)I.,->MHI<D=I:-1.'4<%("G."!.-UCF>C=-:CKIM><=-:CR<>=><G.-)UK.,-1857.-$.-III:-&:NCI<?-IC::<G:;<T-EIMSBM>:;<T-@M;C>CP,-RM:NA-H=IPM?,-PP=B=><=-<-;><EM-H=IPM?-C-:CL@MT-:=D=G:NP=>>JT.-).-192.-UI<D.-658.-29--U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-559.-!-7MPI=>NA=P:;CG-<-"CPECICB:;CG-H=IPCG-F=NCH<:?T-:CCKQ=><=-C-:D=IN<-/:N<:FMPM-&@?:FMP<RM-HCD=QM=N:?-HCB-1170-E.-(U)%7.-$.-I.-)NK.-362;-"U7.-).-33,-222).30- -UCNCD:NPC-)P?NC:FMPM-%C:N<:FMP<RM-P-<:NCR><;MT->=-9HCD<>M=N:?.-1:NM=N:?-HI=BHCFCS<NA,-RNC->M:F=B><;CP-D9S:;CEC-HCFM-9-WNCEC-;>?@?->=-KJFC.-

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55

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'=FC-C:FCS>?=N:?-=Q=-<-N=D,-RNC-PI=D?-@M;FLR=><?-KIM;M-%CDM>M-<-UI=B:FMPJ-P-F=NCH<:?T->=-9;M@JPM=N:?.-1:>CPM><=D-BF?-=EC-BMN<ICP;<-:F9S<N,-:-CB>CG-:NCIC>J,-PI=D?-@MD9S=:NPM-=EC-BCR=I<-_=CBCIJ-(1188-E.)-<,-:-BI9ECG-:NCIC>J,-HI=BHCFMEM=DJG-KIMR>JG-PC@IM:N-UI=B:FMPJ-<-PI=D?-PC@PIMQ=><?-%CDM>M-<@-UCFAY<.-!-RM:N>C:N<,-".-.M9DEMIN=>-HCFMEMF,-RNC-WNCN-:CL@-DCE-KJNA-@M;FLR=>-D=SB9-1183-<-1185-E.34,-M-'.-'CDKICP:;<G-–-D=SB9-1178/1179-<-1185-E.,-:R<NM?,-PHICR=D,->M<KCF==-P=IC?N>CG-BMNCG-1182-E.35-"MD-S=,-HC-:CCKIMS=><?D,-;CNCIJ=-DJ-HCBICK>==-<@FCS<D- ><S=,- 1182–1183- E.- HI=B:NMPF?=N:?- :MDJD- IM>><D- <- HI<- WNCD- :MDJD- P=IC?N>JD-PI=D=>>JD-CNI=@;CD,->M-;CNCIJG-DCE-HI<TCB<NA:?-KIM;-%CDM>M-<-UI=B:FMPJ.31--U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-562.-32--$MD-S=.-)NK.-682–683.-33--+BPM-F<->=-C:>CP>JD-<:NCR><;CD-C-:=D=G>CG-<:NCI<<-KIMNA=P-/:N<:FMP<R=G-P-WNCN-PI=D=>>CG-CNI=@C;-?PF?=N:?,-;M;-<@P=:N>C,-XIMED=>N-«UCFA:;CG-TIC><;<»-!<>O=>N<?-,MBF9K=;M.-1B>M;C-<@-@M-CN:9N:NP<?-P->=D-BMN-<-;IMG>=G-:;9BC:N<-<D=>-N=;:N-WNCN-P=:ADM-NI9B=>-BF?-<>N=IHI=NMO<<-<-P=I<X<;MO<<.-)CEFM:>C-,MBF9K=;9,-,M@D<D<I-II-(KIMN-(E>=Y;<,-DMN=I<-%CDM>M)->MHMBM=N->M-ECICB-.=I=:NA=,-«I=Y<P-P=I>9NA-=EC-H=IPCICB>CD9-:J>9-:PC=G-:=:NIJ,->=CHIMPBM>>C-<@-E>M>>CD9-KIMNA?D<-<@-@M-NCEC,-RNC-DMNA,-HC-HI<R<>=-:;IJNCG->=>MP<:N<,->M;F=P=NMFM,-K9BNC-C>-(=G.-–-!."$.,"#."+.)->=-:J>,-M-KJF-HCBFCS=>,-;CEBM->=-KJFC->MB=SBJ->M-HCNCD:NPC.-ZNC-CK:NC?N=FA:NPC,-TCN?-<->=-HI=BI=YMPY==-PCHIC:M,-;M;-NC-KJFC->M-:MDCD-B=F=,-P-EFM@MT-D>CE<T-HC;M@MFC:A-HCICRMQ<D-=EC-<D?».-"M-HCDCQA-C:MSB=>>CD9-.=I=:NAL-HI<TCB<N-«K=F@:;<G-;>?@A-!:=PCFCB-:-;>?@A?D<-PFMB<D<I:;<D<,-:-6MF<O;<D<-KC?IMD<».-1B>M;C-,M@<D<I,-;CNCICD9-9BMFC:A-BCK<NA:?-«<-ECICBM,-<-HCK=BJ»,-:NMP<N-P-.=I=:NA=-NCEC-;>?@?,-;CNCICEC-:CK<IMF:?-HC:NMP<NA-<@>MRMFA>C.-«"C-:H9:N?-:CP:=D->=D>CEC-PI=D=><-HC:NMPF=>>JG-;>?@A-9D<IM=N-CN-?BM,-HCB>=:=>>CEC-=D9-:PC<D<-S=.-1KFM:NA-9D=IY=EC-,M@<D<I-HI=BC:NMPF?=N-PFMB<D<I:;CD9-;>?@L-%CDM>9,-IM::R<NJPM?->M-CNP=N>9L-9:N9HR<PC:NA»-('I=P>??-%9:A-P-:P=N=-@MI9K=S>JT-<:NCR><;CP:-\I=:NCDMN<?.-$.-IV.-).-311–313).-1K@CI-IM@F<R>JT-NIM;NCPC;-BM>>CEC-:P<B=N=FA:NPM-:D.-P-IMKCNMT:-H)'.<.')"1."D.-UCFA:;<=-FMN<>C?@JR>J=-:I=B>=P=;CPJ=-<:NCR><;<:-$=;:NJ,-H=I=PCB,-;CDD=>NMI<G.-/.,-1990.-).-127–129.-UI<D.-2,-3;-D!browski"D.-Genealogia-M!cis%awowiczów:-Pierwsze-pokolenia-(do-pocz"tku-XIV-wieku).-Kraków,-2008.-).-248–253).-+:F<->=-IM@B=F?NA-:CD>=><G-/.-6I9Y=P:;CEC-P-CKQ=G-BC:NCP=I>C:N<-WNCEC-<@P=:N<?-,MBF9K=;M-(I%E)0<4"B3?J.',K/%0.-&:NCI<?-#;IM`><-%9:<-P-CB<>MBO?N<-NCDMT,-BPM>MBO?N<-;><EMT.-7APiP;-,`<P,-1904–1922-(I=HI<>N:-,`<P,-1992–1994.).-$.-II:-XI–XIII-Pi;.-).-574–577),-NC-CB><D-<@-EFMP>JT-HI=BD=NCP-CK:9SB=><?-C:NM=N:?-<B=>N<X<;MO<?->=->M@PM>>CEC-HC-<D=><-H=IPCICB>CEC-:J>M-(E>=Y;<.-"=CHI=B=F=>>C:NA-;M-:M=N:?-:IM@9-BP9T-H9>;NCP:-PC-H=IPJT,-KJF-F<-C>-<-P-:MDCD-B=F=-ICSB=>-HCFA:;CG-;>?S>CG,-<F<-HI<P=B=>>M?-@B=:A-@MEMBCR>M?-<:NCI<?-:P<B=N=FA:NP9=N-C-NCD,-RNC-C>-KJF->=@M;C>>JD-:J>CD-/:N<:FMPM-<-HC?P<F:?->M-:P=N-P>=-WNCEC-KIM;M;-PC-PNCIJT,-PC@DCS>C-F<-CNCSB=:NP<NA-=EC-:-;=D-F<KC-<@-9HCD?>9NJT-P-F=NCH<:<-:J>CP=G-/:N<:FMPM-(P-NM;CD-:F9RM=->M<KCF==-P=IC?N>CG-;M>B<BMN9ICG-C;M@JPM=N:?-)P?NC:FMP-/:N<:FMP<R),-<F<-CN-NM;CEC-CNCSB=:NPF=><?-@M->=BC:NMN;CD-:;CFA;C-><K9BA->MB=S>JT-BM>>JT-:F=B9=N-CN;M@MNA:?-PCP:=.-UC:F=B><G-H9NA-P-:PC=-PI=D?-<@KIMF-1.-.MFAO=I,-HCFMEMPY<G,-RNC->=N-><;M;<T->MB=S>JT-C:>CPM><G-:R<NMNA-)P?NC:FMPM-H=IP=>O=D-(E>=Y;<-(Balzer"O."Genealogia-Piastów.-Kraków,-2005.-).-321–322).-)-BI9ECG-:NCIC>J,-I?B-:CPI=D=>>JT-<::F=BCPMN=F=G-<B=>N<X<-O<I9=N-;>?@?,-HC:MS=>>CEC-P-.=I=:NA=,-;M;-)P?NC:FMPM-/:N<:FMP<RM-<-P-NC-S=-PI=D?,-K9;PMFA>C-:F=B9?-<:NCR><;9,-:R<NM=N-=EC-@M;C>>CICSB=>>JD-:J>CD-(E>=Y;<,-HI<@>MPM?-@M-><D,-NM;<D-CKIM@CD,-HCF>CHIMP>C=-:NMIY<>:NPC-:I=B<-KIMNA=P-/:N<:FMP<R=G-(<@-HC:F=B><T-IMKCN,-EB=-:XCID9F<ICPM>M-<D=>>C-WNM-NCR;M-@I=><?,-:D.-;CDD=>NMI<<-(.-!.-"M@MI=>;C:-'I=P>??-%9:A-P-:P=N=-@MI9K=S>JT-<:NCR><;CP:-\I=:NCDMN<?.-$.-IV.-).-311–312.-UI<D.-100,-101,-106-<-PJPCBJ-'.-'CDKICP:;CEC-P:-D!browski"D.-Genealogia-M!cis%awowiczów.-).-248–253).-1R=PC-HI<-WNCD,-RNC,->=-:NMP?-HCB-:CD>=><=-HC;M@M><?-<:NCR><;M-C-@M;C>>CD-HIC<:TCSB=><<-HC:MS=>>CEC-P-.=I=:NA=-;>?@?,->=N-C:>CPM><G-:CD>=PMNA:?-<-P-<:N<>>C:N<-:FCP-,MBF9K=;M-C-NCD,-RNC-:D=INA-WNCEC-/:N<:FMP<RM-HC:F=BCPMFM->=@MD=BF<N=FA>C-@M-PC;>?S=><=D->M-K=I=:N=G:;CD-:NCF=.-34--*)?A7)3&.("1."!.-%CBC:FCP>J=-CNIJP;<:-!NCIM?-P=NPA-;>?@=G-6MF<O;<T.-UCNCD:NPC-%CDM>M-/:N<:FMP<RM-//-7=NCH<:A-&:NCI<;C-ICBC:FCP>CEC-CKQ=:NPM-P-/C:;P=.-!JH.-1-(17).-1909.-).-6.-35--D!browski"D.-Rodowód-Romanowiczów-ksi"#"t-halicko-wo%y&skich.-Pozna&;-Wroc%aw,-2002-(Biblioteka-Genealogic-zna-6).-).-29–30.

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56

"=- HC@B>==- WNCEC-S=- (1182)- ECBM- HCE<KM=N- NCN,- ;CEC-!<>O=>N<G-,MBF9K=;- >M@JPM=N-H=IPCICB>JD-:J>CD-DMN=I<-%CDM>M-(D>CE<=-<::F=BCPMN=F<,->MHCD><D,-CNCSB=:NPF?LN-=EC-:C-)P?NC:FMPCD-/:N<:FMP<R=D)36.-$M;<D- CKIM@CD,- BMS=- =:F<-DJ- HI<><DM=D- P:=-«DM;:<DMFA>C->=PJECB>J=»-BF?-B<>M:N<R=:;<T-HIMP-%CDM>M-BCH9Q=><?,-;CNCIJ=-DCE9N-KJNA-I=;C>:NI9<ICPM>J->M-C:>CPM><<-:P<B=N=FA:NPM-,MBF9K=;M37,-NC-C;M@JPM=N:?,-RNC-;-DCD=>N9-KIM;M-:-UI=B:FMPCG-C>-HIM;N<R=:;<->MP=I>?;M-CKFMBMF-P:=D<-HI=<D9Q=:NPMD<-:NMIY=EC-<@-S<P9Q<T-:J>CP=G-/:N<:FMPM-&@?:FMP<RM.-&>MR=- ECPCI?,- <- P- WNCD- CN>CY=><<- HCFCS=><=-%CDM>M- PC- D>CECD- >MHCD<>MFC-HCFCS=><=-)P?NC:FMPM-!FMB<D<ICP<RM-!Q<S:;CEC.-

,ICD=- NCEC,- @B=:A- 9D=:N>C- P:HCD><NA,- RNC- =Q=-HI<-S<@><- CNOM-%CDM>-/:N<:FMP<R->=-HIC:NC-<EIMF-C:CK9L-ICFA-:I=B<-:PC<T-KIMNA=P,->C-<-C;M@MF:?-P->=;CNCICD-:DJ:F=-:<DPCF<R=:;CG-X<E9ICG-P-;C>XF<;N=-/:N<:FMPM-&@?:FMP<RM-:-;9@=>MD<-%C:N<:FMP<RMD<-<-O=FCG-;CMF<O<=G-;>?@=G-PHI<BMR9-–-<D=>>C-%CDM>M-/:N<:FMP-HC:FMF-;>?S<NA-P-"CPECICB,-RNC-<-HC:F9S<FC-:PC=EC-ICBM-HC:F=B>=G-;MHF=G-P-IM@ECIMPY=D:?-IM@BCI=,-HI<P=BY=D-;-HCN=I=-/:N<:FMPCD-,<=PM.-

)- BI9ECG- :NCIC>J,- =:F<- :9B<NA- HC- <D?>MI=R=><L,- <@>MRMFA>JG- @MDJ:=F-/:N<:FMPM-&@?:FMP<RM-CN>C:<N=FA>C-B<>M:N<R=:;<T-X9>;O<G-WNCEC-:J>M-DCE-KJNA-<-HI?DC-HICN<PCHCFCS>JD:-C>-HCF9RM=N-<D?-CB>CEC-<@-:PC<T-:NMIY<T-BPCLICB>JT-B?BA=P-%CDM>M-%C:N<:FMP<RM-(M-=EC-KIMN-)P?NC:FMP-:NM>CP<N:?-N=@;CG-BI9ECEC-BPCLICB>CEC-B?B<,-)P?NC:FMPM-%C:N<:FMP<RM).-$M;<=-YME<-KJF<,-HC-P<B<DCD9,-HI<@PM>J-:;I=H<NA-:CL@-BP9T-P=NP=G-HCNCD;CP-/:N<:FMPM-!=F<;CEC,-TCN?,-;CEBM-I=RA-<B=N-C->MI=R=><<-HF=D?>><;M-<D=>=D-B?B<,->=-P:=EBM-F=E;C-CHI=B=F<NA,-<D==D-F<-DJ-B=FC-:C-:NI=DF=><=D-HCRN<NA-<F<-PJN=:><NA-:NMIY=EC-ICB<RM-<@-:=D=G>CG-<=IMIT<<38.-\MIM;N=I>C,-CB>M;C,- RNC- <D=>M- BPCLICB>JT- KIMNA=P- KJF<- BF?-/:N<:FMPM-&@?:FMP<RM,- >=NI<P<MFA>JD-CKIM@CD,-ECIM@BC-M;N9MFA>==,-R=D-<D=>M-KIMNA=P-ICB>JT.-UC-P:=G-P=IC?N>C:N<,-WNM-M;N9MFA>C:NA-KJFM-CO=>=>M-<-HICN<PCHCFCS>CG-:NCIC>CG:-%LI<;9-%C:N<:FMP<R9,-K9B9Q=D9-N=:NL-%CDM>M,-K=@-:CD>=><?,-KJF<-HMD?N>J-<-CK:NC?N=FA:NPM-PJKCIM-<D=><-BF?-HF=D?>><;M,-<->CPECICB:;C=-;>?S=><=-%CDM>M,-;CEBM->CPECICBOMD->=CS<BM>>C-9BMFC:A-CNIM@<NA->MN<:;-O=FCG-;>?S=:;CG-;CMF<O<<.-

!JBMP-@M-%CDM>M-:PCL-BCRA,-%LI<;->=-HIC:NC-CK^=B<>?F-BP=-NC-N=:>C-P@M<DCB=G:NP9LQ<=,-NC-HICN<PC:NC?Q<=-BI9E-BI9E9-P=NP<-:=DA<,->C-:<DPCF<R=:;<-CNCSB=:NPF?F-CN>CY=><?-:PCG:NPá-:- CN>CY=><?D<-HI?DCEC-ICB:NPM,- <D=>9?- @?N?- ,L(4A- <- H=I=><DM?- N=D- :MDJD-HIMPM-ICBCPCEC-:NMIY<>:NPM,- ;CNCIJ=- HI<>MBF=SMF<- HCNCD;MD-&@?:FMPM- P- KCFAY=G- :N=H=><,- R=D- HCNCD;MD-%C:N<:FMPM.-V?NA-DCE-:NCFA-HCF>C-<-K9;PMFA>C-9HCBCKF?NA:?-:J>9-HCNCD9,-RNC-9->=EC-;-NCD9-DCD=>N9->=-KJFC->=-NCFA;C-ICB>CEC-CNOM,->C->=-C:NMFC:A,-HC-P:=G-P<B<DC:N<,-><-ICB>JT-B?BA=P,-><-ICB>JT-:NMIY<T-KIMNA=P.

$M;<D-CKIM@CD,-9-:NMIY=EC-<@-ICB<R=G,-%LI<;M-%C:N<:FMP<RM,-KJF-P=:ADM-:9Q=:NP=>>JG-:N<D9F-BF?->MI9Y=><?-@MHI=NM->M-KIM;<-D=SB9-ICB:NP=>><;MD<-P-6-G-:N=H=><.-'F?-:MDCEC-%CDM>M-WNCN-:N<D9F,-HC-P<B<DCD9,-DCE-KJNA-=Q=-KCF==-P=:CDJD.-)C-PI=D=>-:D=IN<-/:N<:FMPM-&@?:FMP<RM-=EC-L>J=-:J>CPA?->MBCFEC-HI=PIMN<F<:A-P-;>?@=G-:CP=IY=>>C-PNCIC:N=H=>>JT,-<-CB><T-NCFA;C-HI=<D9Q=:NP-ICSB=><?-<-HCBB=IS;<-HCFA:;<T-ICB<R=G-KJFC-?P>C->=BC:NMNCR>C-BF?-NCEC,-RNCKJ-HCHIMP<NA-B=FC,-–-;CFA-:;CIC->M-%9:<->=-C:NMFC:A-DCE9Q=:NP=>>JT-ICB:NP=>><;CP,-:F=BCPMFC-<:;MNA-CHCI9-P-:PCG:NPé.-'CPCFA>C-BF<N=FA>C=-PI=D?-%CDM>M,-:9B?-HC-P:=D9,-PHCF>=-9:NIM<PMFM-H=I:H=;N<PM,-:CEFM:>C-;CNCICG-DCE9Q=:NP=>>JG-%LI<;-NIM;NCPMF:?-;M;-=EC-CN=O,-M-%C:N<:FMP-%LI<;CP<R,-;CNCIJG-<-P-:MDCD-B=F=-HI<TCB<F:?-=D9-KIMNCD-NICLICB>JD,-HCHIC:N9-;M;-KIMN.-36--'I=P>??-%9:A-P-:P=N=-@MI9K=S>JT-<:NCR><;CP:-\I=:NCDMN<?.-$.-IV.-).-311-<-HI<D.-100.-)D.-NM;S=-HI<D.-33-P->M:NC?Q=G-IMKCN=.37- -"MHCD><D,- RNC- HCB- :CD>=><=- :NMP<FC:A- HIM;N<R=:;<- P:=:- HCBF<>>C:NA- :MDCEC- IM::;M@M,- =EC- TIC>CFCE<R=:;M?-HI<9ICR=>>C:NA,-:P?@A-:-.=I=:NA=D,-@M;C>>C=-HIC<:TCSB=><=-9HCD<>MLQ=EC:?-@B=:A-;>?S=:;CEC-H=IP=>OM,-=EC-CNC-SB=:NPF=><=-:C-)P?NC:FMPCD-/:N<:FMP<R=D-<-N.-B.38--)D.-HCBICK>==:-$%&'%()"!."#.,"+,-.(,/%0"#."*."!JKCI-<D=><-9-I9::;<T-;>?@=G-P-X–XVI-PP.:-'<>M:N<R=:;M?-<:NCI<?-:;PC@A-HI<@D9-M>NICHC><D<;<.-/.,-2006.-).-71–110.

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57

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&@P=:N>C,-;ICD=-NCEC,-RNC-"<;<XCI9-:F9RMFC:A-HIC?PF?NA-CHI=B=F=>>9L-NCF=IM>N>C:NA-;->=;CNCIJD-CN;FC>=><?D-CN-KIMR>CEC-;M>C>M.-$M;,-<D=>>C-HI<->=D-KJF-@M;FLR=>-:CL@-D=SB9-%C:N<:FMPCD-%LI<;CP<R=D-<-'4,KA%<.&(.0-BCR=IAL-!:=PCFCBM-.CFAYC=-6>[email protected]!-F=NCH<:<-CND=RM=N:?-<-WH<@CB,-;CEBM-WNCD9-D<NICHCF<N9->M-IM>><T-WNMHMT-:PC=G-B=?N=FA>C:N<-HI<YFC:A-CN:N9H<NA-H=I=B-PCF=L-;>?@=G-P-B=F=-HC:NMPF=><?-=H<:;CHM-(TCN?-:MDC=-WNC-CH<:M><=-HC@PCF?=N-9P<B=NA,-RNC-D<NICHCF<N-HCBR<><F:?-CN>LBA->=-:IM@9-<-P=:ADM->=CTCN>C)44.-39--+:F<-HI<><DMNA-K9;PMFA>C-:P<B=N=FA:NPC-,MBF9K=;M,-NC,-P<B<DC,-C>M-S=FMFM-CK=:H=R<NA-;M;-DCS>C-KCFAY=-HI<-P<F=E<G-<D=>>C-%CDM>9,-CK^?PF??-BI9ECEC-:PC=EC-CNHIJ:;M->=@M;C>>JD.-$=D-KCFAY=-9P=I=>>C:N<,-RNC-(E>=Y;M->=-HI=H?N:NPCPMFM-@M;FLR=><L-PJECB>CEC-BF?-%CDM>M-KIM;M.-40--U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-627–628.-UCB-6690-E.-1N>C:<N=FA>C-BMN<ICP;<-1183-E.-:D.:-*.3.8/4'"1."B."\IC>CFCE<?-I9::;CEC-F=NCH<:M><?.-).-195.41--1KIMN<D-P><DM><=,-RNC-:CCKQ=><=-C-KIM;=-BP9T-:J>CP=G-)P?NC:FMPM-!:=PCFCB<RM,-6F=KM-<-/:N<:FMPM,-CN;IJPM=N-N9-HCECB>9L-:NMNAL-P-&HMNA=P:;CG-F=NCH<:<,-EB=-DJ-CK>MI9S<PM=D-H=IPC=-9HCD<>M><=-D<NICHCF<NM-"<;<XCIM-II.-42--)D.:-U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-687–688.-43--)D.:-U)%7.-$.-I.-)NK.-407;-U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-658.44--)D.:-U)%7.-$.-I.-)NK.-390–391;-U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-629–630.-,M;-<@P=:N>C,-P-7MPI=>NA=P:;CG-F=NCH<:<-B=G:NP<?-D<NICHCF<NM-NIM;N9LN:?-NM;<D-CKIM@CD,-RNC-C>-HICN<P<F:?-I9;CHCFCS=><L-;>?S=:;CEC-;M>B<BMNM-79;<,-HC:;CFA;9-9S=-HC:NMP<F-BI9ECEC-=H<:;CHM,-"<;CFM?-6I=R<>M,-@M-HFMN9-(«>M-DA@B »).-+:F<-BCH9:N<NA,-RNC-H=I=B->MD<->=-N=>B=>-O<C@>C:NA-<:NCR><;M,-M-CNIMS=><=-B=G:NP<N=FA>CEC-HCFCS=><?-B=F,-NC-NCF=IM>N>C:NA-:P?N<N=F?-P-B=F=-@M;FLR=><?->=;M>C><R=:;<T-KIM;CP-HI=B:NM=N-P->=:;CFA;C-<>CD-:P=N=-<-C;M@JPM=N:?-RI=@PJRMG>C-F=E;C-CK^?:><DCG.-

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58

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)-WNCG-NCR;<-@I=><?-:CP=IY=>>C->=PMS>C,-KJF-F<-)P?NC:FMP-!Q<S:;<G-S<P-;-DCD=>N9-S=><NAKJ-%LI<;M->M-(>>=-–-P-O=HCR;=-ICBCPJT-CKIM@OCP-ICB<R<-9D=IY<=-<EIMF<-CN>LBA->=-D=>AY9L-ICFA,-R=D-ICB<R<-S<PJ=,-–-PMS>C,-RNC-XM;N-=EC-S=><NAKJ->M-NICLICB>CG-:=:NI=-9S=-CB>MSBJ-<D=F-D=:NC.-UCD<DC- P:=EC- HICR=EC,- :F=B9=N- =Q=- IM@- HCBR=I;>9NA,- RNC- P- :NI9;N9I=-;>?S=:;CEC- :PMNCP:NPM,- :PMB=K>JT- HI<ECNCPF=><G- <- :PMBAKJ- ;M;- NM;CPCG- ICFA- ICB:NPM- <-ICB:NP=>>JT-:P?@=G-R=I=@-S=>Q<>-HI=B=FA>C-M;N9MF<@<I9=N:?-<-BMS=-E<H=INICX<I9=N:?-–-ICFA-:J>M-N=N;<,->MHI<D=I,-<F<-B?B<-HC-DMN=I<-C;M@JPM=N:?-CB>CG-<@-:MDJT-@>MR<DJT,-BC:NMNCR>C-P:HCD><NA-@B=:A-KCF==-HCBICK>C-CH<:M>>9L-P-<:NCR><;MT-HICO=B9I9-@M;FLR=><?-KIM;M-D=SB9-:J>CD-%LI<;M-<-BCR=IAL-!:=PCFCBM-.CFAYC=-6>=@BC56.

%M@9D==N:?,-<:TCB?-<@-NCEC,-RNC->MD-<@P=:N>C-C-BI9E<T-KIM;MT-D=SB9-ICB:NP=>><;MD<-P-6-G-:N=H=><,-DCS>C-BCH9:N<NA,-RNC-WNCN-:CL@-:9F<F-;M;CG-F<KC-<@-:NCIC>-@MD=N>J=-HI=<D9Q=:NPM-P-N=;9Q=G-HCF<N<R=:;CG-:<N9MO<<.-1B>M;C-P-BM>>CD-:F9RM=->=-:NC<N,->M->MY-P@EF?B,-:F<Y;CD->M:NCGR<PC-HI<PF=;MNA-<T-BF?-CK^?:>=><?-KF<@;CICB:NP=>>CEC-KIM;M:-HC:;CFA;9->MD-><R=EC->=-<@P=:N>C-C-;C>;I=N>CD-PI=D=><-=EC-@M;FLR=><?,-CK^?:>=><?-<@-CKFM:N<-:<LD<>9N>CG-HIMEDMN<;<-K9B9N-@MP=BCDC-CKI=R=>J->M-RI=@D=I>9L-I=;C>:NI9;NC:NA57.-

*NC-S=- ;M:M=N:?- KCF==- BF<N=FA>CG- B<>M:N<R=:;CG- :NIMN=E<<,- NC- @B=:A,- >M- >MY- P@EF?B,->=CKTCB<DC- 9R<NJPMNA,- RNC- P- :PC=- PI=D?-2I<G-5IC:FMP<R-$9ICP:;<G- KJF- CB><D- <@- :MDJT-9HCI>JT-<-HI<-WNCD-P=:ADM->=@MP<:<DJT-<-9:H=Y>JT-PIMECP-P:=G-F<><<->M:F=B><;CP-/:N<:FMPM-!=F<;CEC.-"MHCD><D,-P-RM:N>C:N<,-RNC-P-6657-E.-C>,-HC-:P<B=N=FA:NP9-F=NCH<:<,-PJ:N9HMF-?IC:N>JD-HICN<;CD- HI<D<I=><?- D=SB9-2I<=D-'CFECI9;<D- <- HF=D?>><;MD<- HC:F=B>=EC,- HI=SB=-P:=EC-&@?:FMPCD-/:N<:FMP<R=D,->C,-HC-P<B<DCD9,-<-%C:N<:FMPCD-/:N<:FMP<R=D58.-ZNM-PIMSBM-HICBCFSMFM:A- BCFE<=- ECBJ59.-%C:N<:FMP9-/:N<:FMP<R9,- HI<- P:=G- =EC- HCF<N<R=:;CG- E<K;C:N<,-9BMFC:A-@M;FLR<NA-D<I-:-N9ICP:;<D-;>?@=D-F<YA-P-6670- E.,->M-NI=N<G-ECB-:PC=EC-HCPNCI>CEC-;<=P:;CEC-;>?S=><?.-1R=PC,-RNC-HCBB=ISM><=-:NCFA->=F=E;C-BMPY=EC:?-D<IM-CN>LBA->=-N=I?=N-M;N9MFA>C:N<-BF?->M:F=B><;CP-%C:N<:FMPM-)DCF=>:;CEC-<-2I<?-$9ICP:;CEC60.-56--)D.-PJY=,-HI<D.-24.57- -UI<PF=;MN=FA>C:NA- PJ:C;CEC-B<>M:N<R=:;CEC- :NMN9:M-S=><TM-<F<->=P=:NJ-P-BM>>CD- :F9RM=->=- ?PF?=N:?- :NCFA-CR=PCG-HI<R<>CG-KIM;M-D=SB9-NICLICB>JD<,-;M;,->MHI<D=I,-P-DMNI<DC><MFA>CG-<:NCI<<-%CDM>M-6MF<O;CEC-<F<-)P?NC:FMPM-!Q<S:;CEC,-TCN?,-IM@9D==N:?,-HCF>C:NAL-:KIM:JPMNA-==-:C-:R=NCP->=-:F=B9=N.-!-:MDCD-B=F=,-CN=O-%LI<;M-9D=I-;<=P:;<D-;>?@=D,-HCWNCD9-BF?-ICB><-=EC->=P=:NJ,-N9ICP:;<T-HIMP>9;CP-)P?NCHCF;M-&@?:FMP<RM,-WNCN-:CL@-KJF-HI=BHI<?N<=D-BC:NMNCR>C-D>CECCK=QMLQ<D,-CB>M;C->=RNC-HCBCK>C=-DCS>C-:;M@MNA-=BPM-F<->=-C-KCFAY<>:NP=-P>9NI<B<>M:N<R=:;<T-KIM;CP-9-I9::;<T-;>?@=G-P-XII-P.-%LI<;,-HCD<DC-P:=EC-HICR=EC,->=-KJF-:NMIY<D-:J>CD-:PC=EC-CNOM,-KCF==-NCEC,-;C-PI=D=><-S=><NAKJ-C>-BMF=;C-9:N9HMF-HC-HCFCS=><L-P-B<>M:N<<-<-I=MFA>JD-PFM:N>JD-PC@DCS->C:N?D-:PC=D9-;9@=>9,-/:N<:FMP9-&@?:FMP<R9.58--U)%7.-$.-I.-)NK.-323,-326;-U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-388,-392.-59--VMD=N>C-HC@B>==-2I<G-'CFECI9;<G-CNHIMPF?=N-<D=>>C-2I<?-$9ICP:;CEC->M-/:N<:FMPM-&@?:FMP<RM,-:J>M-&@-?:FMPM-/:N<:FMP<RM-(U)%7.-$.-I.-)NK.-345;-U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-479).-!HC:F=B:NP<<-O=FC=-CK^=B<>=><=-;>?@=G-@MN=PM=N-PC=>>J=-W;:H=B<O<<,-HJNM?:A-CN>?NA-9-2I<?-5IC:FMP<RM-$9ICP,->C->=-HI=9:H=PM=N-P-WNCD-(U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-491–492,-510).-"=HC:I=B:NP=>>JD-9RM:N><;CD-CB>CG-<@-NM;<T-W;:H=B<O<G-KJF-<-DCFCBCG-%LI<;-%C:N<:FMP<R.-60--7LKCHJN>C,-RNC-H=IPJG-KIM;-%LI<;M-%C:N<:FMP<RM-:C:NC?F:?->M-:F=B9LQ<G-ECB-HC:F=-@M;FLR=><?-D<IM-:-2I<=D-5IC:FMP<R=D,-CB>M;C,-;M;-DJ-HCD><D,-CN=O-S=><F-=EC->M-HCFCP=O;CG-.=F9;CP>=,-M-CN>LBA->=->M-N9ICP:;CG-;>?S>=.-

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62

"M<KCF==- :9Q=:NP=>>JD<- S=- HI=B:NMPF?LN:?- «E=CEIMX<R=:;<=»- HI=<D9Q=:NPM,-HIC<:N=;MLQ<=-CN-WNCEC-:[email protected],-?PF?LQ<G:?,-HC-P<B<DCD9,->=CN^=DF=DJD->M:F=B:NP=>>JD-PFMB=><=D-%LI<;M-<-:F9S<PY<G-=D9-I=@<B=>O<=G->M-IM@>JT-WNMHMT-=EC-H=I=D=>R<PCG-:9BAKJ,->MTCB<F:?-P->=HC:I=B:NP=>>CG-KF<@C:N<-CN-$9ICP:;CEC-;>?S=:NPM,-ICBCPCEC-PFMB=><?-CNOM-(>>J-<-==-KIMNA=P.-+:F<-9R=:NA-N9-C:CK9L-HI<P=IS=>>C:NA,-;CNCI9L-%LI<;-H<NMF->M-HICN?S=><<-P:=G-S<@><-;- :PC=D9-1PI9R9,- <- ICFA- :PC=CKIM@>CG- NIM>:HCIN>C-:NIMN=E<R=:;CG- C:<,- HICF=EMLQ=G-R=I=@- WNCN- ECICB- (CN-,<=PM- ;- $9ICP9- <-U<>:;9),- NC- HI=<D9Q=:NPM- WN<- ;MS9N:?- P=:ADM->=DMFCPMS>JD<.-V>MR<DM-NM;S=-<-><R=D->=-CDIMRM=DM?->M-HICN?S=><<-BCFE<T-F=N-BI9SKM-:-:C:=B?D<-:PCG:NP=>><;MD<,-KIMNA?D<-(>>J-2IA=P>J,-HI<CKI=N=>>M?-KFMECBMI?-WNCD9-:[email protected]=I;>=D-=Q=-IM@,-RNC-BM>>JG-KIM;-DCE-:9F<NA-<-;9BM-KCF==-P=:CDJ=->=D=BF=>>J=-HCF<N<R=:;<=-I=@9FANMNJ,- >C-DJ- C- ><T- HCHIC:N9- ><R=EC- >=- @>M=D.-1K9:NICG:NPC-S=- WNCEC- :CL@M,- C- >MRMF=-;CNCICEC-P-<:NCR><;MT->=-:CTIM><FC:A-><;M;<T-:P=B=><G,-@MP=BCDC-@<SB=N:?,-;M;-9S=-ECPCI<FC:A,->M-:9Q=:NPCPM><<-:=D=G>CEC-CKIM@OM,-KIM;M-D=SB9-ICB:NP=>><;MD<-P-6-G-:N=H=><-ICB:NPM.

7'4>)!"#$%&'(",;),)5:3,.%"1(&NM;,-DJ-@>M=D,-RNC-BPC=-ICB>JT-P>9;CP-(EMXA<-!FMB<D<ICP>J,-)P?NC:FMP-<-(>>M,-<-==-

ICB>M?-HIMP>9R;M,-UI=B:FMPM,-PCHI=;<-;M>C><R=:;CD9-@MHI=N9-P:N9H<F<-P-KIM;-:-NICLICB>JD<.-UC;M@MN=FA>C,-CB>M;C,-RNC-=Q=-CB<>-<@-P=:ADM->=D>CECR<:F=>>JT,-BC:NCP=I>C-<@P=:N>JT-:CL@CP-D=SB9-ICB:NP=>><;MD<-P-6-G-:N=H=><-KJF-@M;FLR=>,-;M;-9S=-9HCD<>MFC:A,-=Q=-CB>CG-ICB>CG-HIMP>9R;CG-(EMXA<,-:=:NICG-UI=B:FMPJ-%LI<;CP>J.-

ZNCN-KIM;->MB=S>C-@MX<;:<ICPM>-P-&HMNA=P:;CG-F=NCH<:<-HCB-6690-(=1183/1184)-E.62-UCF<N<R=:;<=-:N<D9FJ-BF?-=EC-@M;FLR=><?-:CP=IY=>>C-CR=PJ-<-CR=>A-PJ:C;<,-«:D?ERMLQ<=»-S=-CK:NC?N=FA:NPM-P-BM>>CD-:F9RM=-:P=B=>J,-;M@MFC:A-KJ,-;-D<><D9D9.-U=I=B->MD<-BCPCFA>C-N<H<R>M?-BF?-80-T-ECBCP-XII-:NCF=N<?-:<N9MO<?,-;CEBM-S=><NAKM-B=N=G-:;I=HF?=N-DC=-:CEFMY=><=-D=SB9-:NMIY<D<63,-BM-=Q=-;M;<D<-:NMIY<D<!-'P=-:PMBAKJ,-:CP=IYM=DJ=-CB>CPI=D=>>C,-:F9SMN-@MFCECD- BI9S=:NP=>>JT- CN>CY=><G- D=SB9- NI=D?- >M<KCF==- DCE9Q=:NP=>>JD<- P=NP?D<- ICBM-%LI<;CP<R=G:-;>?SMQ<G-P-,<=P=-)P?NC:FMP-!:=PCFCB<R,-EFMPM-R=I><ECP:;CEC-BCDM,-:PMNM=N-@M-CB>CEC-<@-:PC<T-:J>CP=G-BCRA-%LI<;M-%C:N<:FMP<RM,-HCNCD;M-/:N<:FMPM-!=F<;CEC,-NCEBM-;M;-BI9ECD9-:J>9-HIC:<N-P-S=>J-:PC?R=><O9-!:=PCFCBM-.CFAYC=-6>=@BC,->M:F=B><;M-DFMBY=G-F<><<-/C>CDMY<R=G,-<-«KJ:-S=-KIM;^-P=F<;^».-

"=HC:I=B:NP=>>M?- :P?@A- D=SB9- HCF<N<R=:;<D<- BCECPCI=>>C:N?D<- <- BM>>JD<-DMNI<DC><MFA>JD<-:CL@MD<-W;:HF<O<N>C-PJB=F?=N:?-P-F=NCH<:>CD-N=;:N=.-%LI<;,-HI<@>MPM?->=-ICBCPC=,->C-PC@IM:N>C=-:NMI=GY<>:NPC-)P?NC:FMPM-(«…K -KC-) ~NC:FMP^-:NMI <-F NJ»),-9:N9HM=N-NCD9-,<=P,-C:NMPF??-@M-:CKCG-P:L-%9::;9L-@=DFL,-<-«C9NP=IB<PY=:ÿ-;I:ND^-R:N>JD^.-<-NM;C-S<Pÿ:NM-C9-FLKP<.-<-:PMNA:NPCDA-wKC9=DY=:ÿ»64.-ZNCN-HFM>-DCE-KJNA-I=MF<@CPM>-KFMECBMI?-HIM;N<R=:;<-CB>CPI=D=>>C-HIC<:TCB<PY=D9-HI<D<I=><L-)P?NC:FMPM-!:=PCFCB<RM-:-!:=PCFCBCD-!C@DCS>C,-NM;C=-HI=BHCRN=><=-CK^?:>?=N:?-HCHIC:N9-KCFAY=G-PMS>C:NAL-H=I=D<I<?-:-HCFCPOMD<-<F<-N=D,-RNC-><-CB>M-<@->=@MD9S><T-BCR=I=G-2I<?->=-PCYFM-=Q=-P-KIMR>JG-PC@IM:N.-"=-<:;FLR=>C,-CB>M;C,-RNC-HI<-S<@><-CNOCP-S=><NAKM-:J>M-;<=P:;CEC-;>?@?->M-NICLICB>CG-:=:NI=-;M@MFM:A->=HI<=DF=DCG.-61--)PC=CKIM@>JG-:KCG-P-CN>CY=><?T-:-N9ICPC-H<>:;<D<-:PCG:NP=>><;MD<-PH=IPJ=-HIC<:TCB<N,-HC-P<B<DCD9,-F<YA-P-N9-HCI9,-;CEBM-KIMNA?-(>>J-9S=-:TCB?N-:C-:O=>J-<-$9ICP-HI<>MBF=S<N-==-HF=D?>><;MD,-)P?NCHCFR<RMD,-M-:MDM-C>M-HI=KJPM=N-P-P=F<;CG-:T<D=-(U)%7.-$.-I.-)NK.-429).-62--U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-624–625.-1-BMN=-:D.-NM;S=:-*.3.8/4'"1."B."\IC>CFCE<?-I9::;CEC-F=NCH<:M><?.-).-201.63--&>MR=-ECPCI?,-:CL@-9:NM>MPF<PM=N:?-P-H=IP9L-CR=I=BA-«HC-ECI<@C>NMF<»,-D=SB9-ICB<N=F?D<-S=><TM-<->=P=:NJ,-M->=-D=SB9-:NMIY<D-<-DFMBY<D-:PCG:NP=>><;MD<-(;M;-WNC-KJFC-P-:F9RM=-:-%LI<;CD-<-%CDM>CD-/:N<:FMP<R=D).-\MIM;N=I>C,-RNC-6F=K-)P?NC:FMP<R-P:=EBM-C:NM=N:?-HCB-HC;ICP<N=FA:NPCD-:PC=EC-CNOM-)P?NC:FMPM-<-:IMP><N=FA>C-I=B;C-HCFA@9=N:?->=HC:I=B:NP=>>CG-HCBB=IS;CG-:PC=EC-N=:N?-%LI<;M.-UI<-:NCF;>CP=><<-<>N=I=:CP-%LI<;-?P>C-CNBM=N-HI=BHCRN=><=-BI9ECD9-:PC=D9-@?NL,-%CDM>9,-<->=-:HC:CK:NP9=N-PC@PJY=><L-6F=KM.-UCD<DC-P:=EC-HICR=EC,-CN>CY=><?-:PCG:NPá-D=SB9-%LI<;CD-<-6F=KCD-ECIM@BC-I=S=-M;N9MF<@<I9LN:?-P-F=NCH<:<-:-HCDCQAL-:H=O<MFA>JT-N=ID<>CP-(&.,&K,-2M&K),-NCEBM-;M;-%LI<;-<-CN=O-6F=KM-)P?NC:FMP-I=E9F?I>C-<D=>9LN:?-,')&)A%-(HCBICK>==-:D.-><S=,-HI<D.-66).-64--U)%7.-$.-II.-)NK.-624.

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