01 Ra41211en10gla1 Overview

8/12/2019 01 Ra41211en10gla1 Overview

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LTE Functionalities & Features Overview

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1 Nokia Siemens Networks RA41211EN10GLA1

LTE Functionalities and Features OverviewLTE Radio Parameters RL10


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Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

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1. LTE Functionalities and Overview

2. Channel Configuration3. General parameter DB structure and System Information

Broadcast

4. Random Access

5. Radio Admission Control (RAC)

6. Radio Bearer Control & DRX /DTX Management

7. LTE Mobility Management

8. UL/DL Scheduler

9. MIMO Mode Control (MIMO-MC)10.Power Control

Contents


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LTE in 3GPP Release 8

3GPP and Operator Requirements

Packet Switched Domain Optimized

RTT


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LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface

LTE-Uu interface

Air interface of LTE

Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA inUL

FDD and TDD duplex methods

Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently20 MHz

X2 interface

Inter eNB interface

X2AP: special signalling protocol

Functionalities:

For an inter- eNB HO to facilitatehandover and provide data forwarding.

In RRM to provide e.g. load information

to neighbouring eNBs to facilitateinterference management

Logical interface: It does not need directsite-to-site connection, i.e. it can berouted via core network as well

(E)-RRC(E)-RRC User PDUsUser PDUs User PDUsUser PDUs

PDCPPDCP

..

RLCRLC

MACMAC

LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)

TS 36.300

eNB

LTE-Uu

eNB

X2

User PDUsUser PDUs

GTP-UGTP-U

UDPUDP

IPIP

L1/L2L1/L2

TS 36.424

X2-UP

(User Plane)X2-CP

(Control Plane)

X2-APX2-AP

SCTPSCTP

IPIP

L1/L2L1/L2TS 36.421

TS 36.422

TS 36.423

TS 36.421

TS 36.420

UDP: User Datagram Protocol ( L4 Transport Layer) . Similar to TCP but onlyprovides connectionless service.


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S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces

S1-MME interface

Control interface between eNB andMME

S1AP:S1 Application Protocol

MME and UE will exchange non-access stratum signaling via eNBthrough this interface ( i.e.authentication, tracking area updates)

S1-U interface

User plane interface between eNB andserving gateway

Pure user data interface (U=User plane)

MME

Serving

Gateway

S1-MME

(Control Plane)

S1-U

(User Plane)

NAS ProtocolsNAS Protocols

S1-APS1-AP

SCTPSCTP

IPIP

L1/L2L1/L2

User PDUsUser PDUs

GTP-UGTP-U

UDPUDP

IPIP

L1/L2L1/L2

TS 36.411

TS 36.411

TS 36.412

TS 36.413

TS 36.414

TS 36.410

[currently in TS 36.300 19]

eNB

S1 interface is divided into two parts:

SCTP: Stream Control Transmission Protocol. For IP signalling. Ensures reliable, in-sequence transport of messages with congestion control Similar to TCP but withadvantages:

Multi-homing support, where one (or both) endpoints of a connection can consist ofmore than one IP address, enabling transparent fail-over between redundant networkpaths.

Transaction-oriented, it transports data in one or more messages instead of in bytestreams ( TCP)

GTP: GPRS Tunnelling Protocol ( same as for UMTS Rel 99): user plane traffic


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Physical Layer Technologies

Downlink: OFDM (OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing).

Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-CarrierFrequency Division Multiple Access).

Both FDD and TDD modes available.

Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.

Scalable bandwidth.

Only FDD with 5, 10 and 20 MHzBandwidth supported in RL10

FDD CarrierBandwidth

[MHz]

Number ofResource

Blocks

1.4 6

3 15

5 25

10 50

15 75

20 100


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7 symbols(0.5 ms)

12

subcarriers

(180

kHz)

Symbol rate = 168 ksps

QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps 16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps

64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps

Resource Block (RB) Basic unit of resource

12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain

7 symbols long in the time domain

Thus, 84 symbols per resource block

Bit Rate per Resource Block depends uponmodulation scheme

Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity(normal cyclic prefix case)

Bit Rates per

Resource Block

Based upon3GPP TS 36.211

TTI is 1 ms, i.e.duration of 2resource blocks


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Channel Bandwidth

1.4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz

QPSK 2.016 5.040 8.400 16.800 25.200 33.600

16QAM 4.032 10.080 16.800 33.600 50.400 67.200

64QAM 6.048 15.120 25.200 50.400 75.600 100.800

64QAM (2+2 MIMO) 12.096 30.240 50.400 100.800 151.200 201.600

64QAM (4+4 MIMO) 24.192 60.480 100.800 201.600 302.400 403.200

Bit Rates per Resource Block Number of Resource Blocks

These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer,i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account

Also requirement to account forthe overheads generated byReference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels

Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink

Figures in Mbps


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LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates

Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz

Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz

QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.1 3.5 7.0 10.6 14.116QAM 1/2 Single stream 1.4 4.1 7.0 14.1 21.2 28.3

16QAM 3/4 Single stream 2.2 6.2 10.5 21.1 31.8 42.4



64QAM 3/4 2x2 MIMO 6.6 18.9 31.9 64.3 96.7 129.1

64QAM 1/1 2x2 MIMO 8.8 25.3 42.5 85.7 128.9 172.1

64QAM 1/1 4x4 MIMO 16.6 47.7 80.3 161.9 243.5 325.1

Modulation coding 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5.0 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz

QPSK 1/2 Single stream 0.7 2.0 3.5 7.1 10.8 14.3






64QAM 1/1 V-MIMO (cell) 8.6 24.2 41.5 84.7 129.6 171.1

20 MHz

Uplink: Peak Rate 57 Mbps with 20 MHz and 16QAM

Downlink

Normal Cyclic Prefix considered and 10MHz BW

Following overheads not reduced: CRC, L2/L3 headers, IP headers

Following overheads reduced

Synchronization, reference, PBCH, PCFICH, PHICH and 1 PDCCH symbol

Relative overheads

Reference symbol overhead 9.5% with 2x2 MIMO

PDCCH overhead 4.76% with single symbol (two symbols with 1.4MHz)(12*Numpdcch symbol-4*RS)/(12*7*2subframes)

Other overheads


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LTE UE Categories

All categories support 20 MHz

64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5)

2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 MbpsPeak rate DL/UL

20 MHzRF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz

64QAMModulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM

16QAMModulation UL 16QAM 64QAM16QAM 16QAM

YesRx diversity Yes YesYes Yes

1-4 txBTS tx diversity

OptionalMIMO DL 2x2 4x42x2 2x2

1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx 1-4 tx


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RRM Framework

UE scope:Handover control, power control, Adaptive

Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO

Cell scope:Radio Admission Control, CongestionControl

eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope forsimpler implementation)

RAN scope:Load Balancing, Inter-cell InterferenceCoordination

Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE and

UMTS, inter-RAT HO


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Layer 3RRM

Connection Mobility Control

Layer 2RRM

Time Scale

CallDuration

InterhandoverTime

ChannelFading Time

Burst or PacketDuration

Traffic, Channel andLocation Variations

Traffic, Channel andLocation Variations

Radio Admission Control

Intercell Interference Coordination

Fast DL AMC

1 ms

10 ms

100 ms

1 s

10 s

100 s

Load Balancing , Congestion Control

Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATBATB = Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth

L3 SignalingDelay

Slow ULPower Control(open/closed

Loop)

Slow ULPower Control(open/closed

Loop)

Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC)

UEDRX/DTX

Control

UEDRX/DTX

Control

LTE TTI

Slow UL LA/AMC,Slow UL ATB

Slow UL LA/AMC,Slow UL ATB

DynamicMIMOControl

DynamicMIMOControl

RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions


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RRM Framework

Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be encharged of

deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establishbearers in the cell

Packet Scheduler: Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling everyTTI. PS will dedice which users are scheduled on a TTI basis andthe amount of resources allocated to each user.

Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration whereas for UL RRM will provide feedback for closed loop power control toreduce UL interference.

AMC (OLQC, OLLA) : AMC will perform link adaptation tasks toensure radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible.

MIMO: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmitdiversity, Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching betweenprevious two modes will be emplyed for every user based on UEfeedback

RL10

Functional Description of the different RRM Modules


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RRM / Telecom

Open Loop UL Power Control and DL

Power SettingCQI Adaptation (DL)

Link Adaptation by AMC (UL/DL)

Support of 64 QAM in DL

Fair Scheduler (UL/DL)

Cell Selection and Re-Selection

Intra Frequency Handover via X2

Transmit Diversity for Two Antennas

Downlink Adaptive Open Loop MIMO

for Two Antennas

O&M

SON -Automatic Adjacent CellConfiguration

NetAct -Fault Management

LTE BTS Site Manager

Remote Electrical Tilt (RET)

Management

BTS Site Solutions

Flexi System Module: FSME

13 km Cell Range

Bandwidth: 5, 10 and 20 MHz

Frequency: 700 and 2600 MHz

Transport

Flexi Transport Sub-Modules: FTLB

Ethernet Transport

Synchronization from GPS

LTE FDD Release Roadmap

RL10Ready for Contract

RL09Available

RL20Under Planning

RL30Study Items

RRM / Telecom

Rate Capping per UE (UL/DL)

Ciphering / Integrity Protection

Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA

Closed Loop UL Power Control

S1 Flex

Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN)

O&M

SON -BTS Auto Connectivity

SON -BTS Auto Configuration

SON -NetAct Optimizer for LTE

SON -ANR

SON -ANR InterRAT UTRAN

SON -Self Healing I

LTE Security

BTS Site Solutions

Flexi System Module: FSMD

77 km Cell Range

Frequency: 800EU*, 900*, 1800*,

1700/2100 and 2100 MHz

Transport

Flexi Transport Sub-Modules: FTIB

Traffic Prioritization on IP Layer

Traffic Prioritization on Ethernet Layer

VLAN Based Traffic Differentiation

Traffic Shaping

LTE IPSec Support

Synchronization from Ethernet

RRM / Telecom

Support of Multiple EPS Bearers

Support of GBR EPS Bearer

Inter RAT Handover to eHRPD

DRX in RRC Connected Mode

SRVCC to WCDMA

SRVCC to GSM

CS Fallback to WCDMA

CS Fallback to GSM

Intra LTE Handover via S1

Inter Frequency Handover

NACC to GSM

Service Differentiation for Non-GBREPS Bearer

O&M

SON -ANR Fully UE Based

SON -ANR InterRAT GERAN/HRPD

SON -Self Healing II

Trace Support

BTS Site Solutions

Up to 6 Cells with One System Module

RF Sharing GSM - LTE

100 km Cell Range

Bandwidth: 1.4, 3 and 15 MHz

Frequency: 850 and 1900 MHz

Transport

QoS Aware Ethernet Switching

Ethernet OAM

RRM / Telecom

Transmit Diversity for Four Antennas

Downlink Adaptive MIMO for FourAntennas

TTI Bundling

O&M

SON - ANR Inter RAT UE Based

SON - Mobility Robustness Optimization

Online Performance Monitoring

BTS Site Solutions

RF Sharing WCDMA - LTE

System Sharing WCDMA - LTE

4-Way RX Diversity (MRC)

180W Flexi Multiradio Remote RF

Frequency: 1500 MHz

Transport

CESoPSN

Transport Link Redundancy

IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack

IP Transport Network Measurements

Note: Availability and order of different RF

Module and Remote RF Head frequency

variants pending on market need and

customer orders

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Basic functionality

S1/X2 Data Path ManagementS1, X2 and RRC Common Signaling

EPS Bearer Establishment and Release

Admission Control

System Information Broadcast

Physical & Transport Channels

PDCP, MAC & RLC Support

Fair Scheduler (UL/DL)

Paging

UE State Management

Single TX Path

Capacity / Coverage

Open Loop UL Power Control and DLPower Setting

Link Adaptation by AMC (UL/DL)

Transmit Diversity for Two Antennas

Downlink Adaptive Open Loop MIMO forTwo Antennas

Support of 64 QAM in DL

CQI adaptation (DL)

Mobility

Cell Selection and Re-Selection

Intra Frequency Handover via X2

LTE (FDD) RRM & Telecom Roadmap

Network Architecture

S1-FlexMulti-Operator Core Network (MOCN)

Services

Rate Capping per UE (UL/DL)

Capacity / Coverage

Downlink Adaptive Closed Loop MIMO

for Two Antennas

Closed Loop UL Power Control

PUCCH Blanking

PDCCH Link Adaptation

Security

Ciphering

Integrity Protection

Mobility

Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA

Inter RAT Cell Re-Selection

Redirect to LTE or Other Technology

Services

Support of Multiple EPS BearersSupport of GBR EPS Bearer

Robust Header Compression

DRX in RRC Connected Mode

Service Differentiation for Non-GBR

EPS Bearer

UE AMBR Modification

Mobility

Inter RAT Handover to eHRPD

SRVCC to WCDMA

SRVCC to GSM

CS Fallback to WCDMA

CS Fallback to GSM

Intra LTE Handover via S1

Inter Frequency Handover

NACC to GSM

Capacity / Coverage

Support of 64 QAM in ULTransmit Diversity for Four Antennas

Downlink Adaptive Closed Loop MIMO

for Four Antennas

Channel Aware Scheduler (UL)

TTI Bundling

Extended Cyclic Prefix

Mobility

Inter RAT Handover from WCDMA

Support of High Speed Users

SRVCC to 1xRTT

CS Fallback to 1xRTT

Service Based Handover

Load Based Handover

Services

Support of Cell Based Location Service

E911

RL10RL09 RL20 RL30RL10Ready for Contract

RL09Available

RL20Under Planning

RL30Study Items

Documents

01 Ra41211en10gla1 Overview