01-03D - Introduction to Healthcare and Public Health in the US - Unit 03 - Delivering Healthcare Part 2 - Lecture D

Introduction to Healthcare and Public Health in the US

Delivering Healthcare (Part 2)

Lecture d

This material (Comp1_Unit3d) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number

IU24OC000015.

Delivering Healthcare (Part 2)Objectives

• Describe the organization of clinical healthcare delivery in the outpatient setting, and the organization of outpatient healthcare (Lectures a-c)

• Describe the organization of ancillary healthcare delivery in the outpatient setting (Lecture d)

• Discuss the role of different healthcare providers, with an emphasis on the delivery of care in an interdisciplinary setting (Lecture e)

2Health IT Workforce Curriculum

Version 3.0/Spring 2012

Introduction to Healthcare and Public Health in the USDelivering Healthcare (part 2)

Lecture d

Outpatient Laboratories

• Laboratory where tests are done on clinical specimens

• May be associated with a hospital or be freestanding

• The testing may be done in a location remote to the location where specimen was obtained




Lecture d

What Can Laboratories Do? Pathology

• Anatomical Pathology• Histopathology – studies whole tissues• Cytopathology – at the cellular level• Electron microscopic pathology

• Surgical Pathology• Chemical pathology (clinical chemistry)

• General chemistry• Endocrinology• Immunology• Toxicology




Lecture d

Pathology (continued)

• Hematopathology– Diseases of blood cells

• Traditional microscopy• Immunohistochemistry• Flow cytometry• Molecular diagnostic tests

• Blood banking - Transfusion medicine• Cytogenetics




Lecture d

Pathology (continued)

• Clinical microbiology – study of microorganisms– The lab may use culture methods to grow and identify

organisms• Forensic pathology

– Specialized laboratory for medical and legal issues• Molecular pathology

– Development of molecular and genetic approaches to the diagnosis and classification of human tumors

– Design and validation of predictive biomarkers




Lecture d

Radiology services

• Radiology – branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose or treat diseases

• Radiologists – physicians who specialize in radiology

• Outpatient radiology services may be housed within a hospital or may be freestanding




Lecture d

Radiology services• Diagnostic radiology

– X rays• First X-ray taken by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895 (his wife’s hand)

3.2 Image: (Röntgen, 1895)




Lecture d

Radiology services

• Diagnostic radiology– Computerized Tomography (CT) scans– Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans– Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans– Ultrasound – Mammography – Bone density tests– Nuclear medicine tests




Lecture d

Radiology services

• Interventional radiology – invasive tests– Angiography

• Teleradiology allows radiologists to review images remotely

• Technology allows images to be archived and retrieved at multiple sites – Picture Archiving and Communication System or PACS




Lecture d

Ancillary Services

• Home healthcare (domiciliary care, home care)• Care provided at the patient’s home• Physician house calls• Nurse visits• Home health aides• Help with activities of daily living (ADLs)




Lecture d

Ancillary Services• Hospice care• For patients whose life expectancy is not

expected to exceed 6 months (terminally ill patients)

• Palliative care outside the hospital• At hospice institutions• At home• Multidisciplinary team for care




Lecture d

Ancillary Services• Physical therapy

– Maintains function after injury or illness• Occupational therapy

– Helps patients maintain occupation• Speech therapy

– Helps patients recover from diseases that affect speech

• Care provided by ancillary staff




Lecture d

Delivering Healthcare (Part 2)Summary – Lecture d

• Laboratory services• Pathology services• Radiology services• Ancillary services




Lecture d

Delivering Healthcare (Part 2)References – Lecture d

Images3.2 Image of first X-ray taken by Wilhelm Rontgen in 1895, of his wife's hand. The bones and her ring can be seen,

similar to modern x-rays.




Lecture d

ReferencesRontgen, Wilhelm (1895); Picture of first X-ray taken of his wife's hand. The bones and her ring can be seen, similar to

modern x-rays. http://www.molecularpathology.org.uk

http://www.molecularpathology.org.uk/

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01-03D - Introduction to Healthcare and Public Health in the US - Unit 03 - Delivering Healthcare Part 2 - Lecture D