January 18, 1957
STILL~fA~'.c1.q tf!ID1IFE ?-!AIU>.GllMENT A.>re.Jt BOX 592 - .
F:lllon, Ifevada
!m est:L-rcted 84,890 e.cre-::ee·;.; of r:c;;;er e.:re l.'eoub:ed. eD.!lllal.ly to :mailr;;ain 23,231 ceres oZ m!ll"sh ct.u·rently develo:ped. cu t!!e StjJ.J.:ITa·::-.er 'Y!i1d1-i-?e !t;nnageE.ent Area~ ii.i.l c.clai:i;iOllal 34,003 ~cJ.·e-feet. crt vate:r e.l"e ·needed. to rnd.ITi;c>.iu 10:9~5 ecres cl' n:::.tm·al leke.:; end ~·sees, ar..d 56o acres of irrigo.J.;ed :pasture, cu::-rently d.evelOJ?ed, reg,uire ~, ~~r-4 ac.Te-feet of ;;ater yea:rly.
Propcsed deil-elopn:ents v1l.l reCJ.Uire an eO.diticm.a.l 3'.:-,253 ec.re-.?eeJG or t.-a·i;er each year~ 29,166 acre-feet by proposed eaTnh developments, and 5 ,o87 e.cre-:leet o'.? 1-:a.ter by irrigated pz.stures.
~seestimc"'ces af ~Tater requirements >-re:re mde in order to pl.·ovide en intel.l1gczlt basis far !!!~nt and. plann.i.ng oZ d.evelopi:!e!lts o-:1 the tF.an.agemen.t Area.
T'oe e.Il:.C'.mt of' ~:ater 22ee:!ed to :replace "cllc.t. lost through ev-..;ore.tion· end con.m.mlPth-e use ·jjo r:a:i.uta:in r:;e.rshes 1 lakes, and pant;v.res in ~t~..r:...:m cor:dition f'Cl"!Ced the bc:sis of' the est:i.Jtc.'t:.e. Ho f'ield. experimental studies licre conO;uc·::.ecl, but data i'l'Clll inves­ tigations in ot.h.e:r e....-eas were cor.lbined. l·d:Ch local. pcu"l evapora.t:iou end cl:iJ:atol.cgicaJ. d.~te J.;o de·ce:rr,.ipo t."'B.tel• une by the io.:J: p:;:inci­ p:ll 11etla.I!d. types fOUlld. on the .P..rea--open i.rate:r ~ eme::..·gezri; l!ltU"sh vegetation~ saltgl•ass 1 end il-risa·~ed pasture. 't:'z.ter uze by open 't:atel' '\·;as baoed on. pan e-,-~ore.tian :l:.'ecm·d.s. 'fr.e Blauey-Crid.o.le z:ethod. 't-:"e.S used to o.etermin.e ccnsu:rrr,9th·-e use by "'che l..ett~r tiu·ee types.
\)
000119
2
J.nt:.r6ducticn
Since t~ irl.cep·t;ion. of -'c.he S·i;illuate:r Hild.life Nanseeeent Area. in. J.948, c. totu.l oZ $907,616~- h;;-.-:.re "been e;,.-ne!lded. on the ccnsh'Uc­ tion arid mci.nt,enauce. of .:-oacls, dil:es., canels; ~d ~~ter con.t:;.'ol ·ztructul·es to p;:ovlde stable h:?.bit~.:l; canditic>.ls fo:..~ I:!t:lr:;;h lrlldiire, to _previae hunting, finlli!Jc3, ex.-d. e:.esthe"Cic l·ec:;.'-t:::J.t:!.c-n for the peopJ..e o:r I~vada and Cal·i.l'ol·ilia, end ·i;o develop i.l'I'ie;a.ted l~tm.·e.
SUcceszful mcnagen:ent o:f the P_rea :I.s d.ep~nd.en:;; t.'?on the ~mmt of dl'.?.in ~r!d. :::w.·pl1.!S il."T:!.gc~tion 1-iCte.l' ~eceived. f:.•e:m tee Eeub1;d::. Irl·i{!a·i;ion. P.l.'oject. Inc1·e:::.s1.ng d.~i:a.U.f..s are bein~ r:nde "?:n ·i:J:>..in 1,~2-:ce:r supply. ·.t~erefo::;:oe, i·c l:.e:.s, c.t -'.:;i:lis -'.;i~e, beco;:e e::.sentie.l to iutel- . ligent opera;tion ~d. pl~ to b:mr l:c>T much \·:-ater is re~ed to main:tain t:-etl.ru2C:.s c'I.!Z'reutly in ~d.s·cence, and i'u·cu:re develcj?!:lE!nt.s. The J.A.U".PO~e O"l tblc :report i~ to p:..-o"J'.i.de an esti.J:a·::.e o:Z these b-z.-!;e:i"
requiremen·es.
TbJ: encun-c o1: 'treter needed t.o replace ·i::ha.t los·;. t!ll'oueh ev~oration and evs.po-t1·a.n~)?:L.-atian ( Cm!St.UJ.?ti\"e t1se) in OJ."der to r;a:tntain Jp1res, ""orshes, end p~u-es ln. opt:i.IarrJ coi!ditioa fom the basis for this est~te.
The report is di videO. into 'l.i1::o :p.n-ts :
1. the determinatio!l of rates of evaporation and CC!1.SllJr!ptive use,~
2. estmated emotlllts of ;.m.ter required 'b"J current and proposed deve~nts.
In additiC!l, the aiZ:-cunts oZ 1urcer used ench j-ear since J.9-:-9 is esti­ mated in A!)pend.ix I, e:a.d a geue!'al s'I1Ii?l!lG..i.-y err the use of the ~~a is given in A:9peud.ix II.
Water u~ed by pri'\--ate lend3 1rltbiu tho 1·~asemen.t A..--ea bour..de.ry are not included., except rex the ce.rr~·as'b2.ck Gm1 Cluh r:rhich forms an integral :part ol t1:.-e Still:·:-at.er !·:!al"sh. This e:-:cludes practically ~ crf tne J..and. \>"est cfl the Cars en Rhrer.
The best e~ti.r!ates inf'lm:-outflmv :s.er-.sm·.ements. c.vailebl.e £o:z- th-::= !-!c.l10.g~n.t
bad to be used.
P.xea, hc:r.feve:l:', so 'Cbat; :i.ndi.rect r~e'\:.hod.s
Wc·i.;.e~· is co:.lSI&ed in three 1-:-o.ys, thret'.sh GTCID-'<1 seepase, evapor~:dC!l, ~ ev~po-trr.nspiration ( ccn.sump"tive use). Cn the ¥..anagen::.-ent ll.:ree.1 hovever, (52"0"-llld. seep<!ge >:as co~sid.ered r;~gligiole
-::· c.~ of June 30, 1956
:· . . :·
· .·.
.. · .-:
E\?a!)oration and ccmsv..optive use occur principally on four rretl.and. types--open ~ater, e:~tergent marsh ~....getrrticu co:c:posed. o~ cattail.D, Typha c;pp., and 'b"Lll.rl.'.nhes, Scirpus ~9);'·, sal.tgrass, Dis-'d.chlis ~., e.l2d. L"'T:i.gE.;i:,ed gl'ass pa.zt-ure. It ·t-res assm!led tbn.t the ua.ter used en these four cov-er tyr;es represen-ted tot~al conSUJ:!l)~icn.
tfater ccnslJI!jJltio:u z-ates l7G:i."e d.ete::Etned :lor er::.cll i>-etlrmd type f!'cm :pan eve;_po:raticn z-eccrus &d. clil:!atologic2J. d.a·~~. Wc.ter requireiteJrc :rectors (the net i:rrigz:::tion :re'lttire;:ent) e:>::pressed. ~ depi..h in feet uel:'e obtnined by ct:.b~·2.cti.ng precipita-Cion t':l:'om cc,nsi.!np­ tive l.!se, end l!Zed es trulti:plie:~.'S o:Z the epp:&.·oprW...ete &"-~S of the w-etlmld t-ypes ·to obtcl.n 1r~er :t'e~i:.·ements for the v-arious lef.-e, mereh, and. :pastUL-e units.
Detemi.Imtion of Wate:c ConsttiJl!>tion Rates
Evtworation. Rates Of evc;j?OI'e.tian Hel"e detennin.ed. :f'rom pan evepare:tion 1-ecords that hav-e been t:a.intained e.t the Fallon Ei-::.peri.JI:ent S""..a.ticn., located. at the SO'J.th eti.ge of Fe.l.lon, since 1906. Pnn evap­ oraticn, ba.-rever, has been foullli by studies in many pnrts of the vrest to exceed actual evaporaticm fi"'m large wate:r curfaces. To correct for this d:ifferen:tie.l :pc!l1 reductiO!l coef'ficients are used vith d.i.f':f'e:rent types af pans.
'lhe Fallon :pen iD cixcula.r, six feet in dimneter, st.mlren in the ground, 20 inches deep, conforming to the type kn.Cilm as the Bures.u of Plant Industry P~. No experil:enta.l studies \-rere lt2de ~e to dete...-mine a pan reduc~cicm. coeffici-ent for this pan, 'but :f'l'Ot:l studies in California it 't;<;.S determined. that a reduction Cce:!"ficient of 0.94 vas applicable to pens of thl.a -'cjrge { ~) •
Mcnthl.y evcyare;tion. :;:-a-res -p-ere ciete!'!!lin.ed by El.l.l.tip~ing average monthly pa.u evapo:::-ation by 0. 94. Table II s~iz.es this dete:mine.ticn.
Average s.rnn•pl ~'t:~.on itaS escimo.ted on t.h:i.s basis ro be 5~.58 inches in this erea. Thi3 c~s quite :i'm-orably 'With evaporation irrrestige.tious based o:::1 gauge height !re~Irts, measured in:flmr, and. ne:;urured :i:.'ain:?e.ll e. .. ~ Pyramid Lake during tbe period. 1927-34, aod. e.t nearby Ha.lke!" I.2.ke from 1929-34. At Pyramid L3.lre, e'\f'a!Jcxretion. was cor:routed from these :measu.rements to be li-9.8 inches; et Wallrer Lake 50.4 ::ln'Ches.
Dete.?minaticm of COllSUI:l%ive Use (Evapo-t::.·anspiratian). 'Ihe Bl.aney-Criddl.e metb.cd v~ eeyloJ-ed to esti.m.:rve con~ti't.re use 1:fy emergent marsh · vegetati a!l, sal tgn;.ss, end i.rrigarecl pas"'rure. - ( 2) The method is used by i.rrjg at ion. engineers the 1rorld. over.
-000121
4
By cori'elating existing co:r.GUJu:ptive use d~ta obtain.r;d. by e.ctu.a.l experiment 't·Tith clilnatologice.J.. data, Blaney and Criddle developed this method to :pe:rmi t esti~tio:l of co~ti ve use uhere only cli:ma.tological d~ta 't?ere avaiJ.a.ble. It 'WaS i"ound that of the · factors affecting cousll!!.lpti ve U3e, temperatt:re, c:.v::U1.3hle moisture, hoU-£.-s of deyllgllt, end the length of grouing season played the west it!I:porvant roles. T5y multipl:yiJ-._g mean monthly "tP..::I1?eiT.tures {t) by the monthly pe-rcent o'? claytimc hours of the year (p), a ~'Onth.ly ccnzUI!!Ptive use factor (f) is obtained. It is assumed that co.::1sm:rotive use varies ciirectly as this fQCtor t:hen ample 't\"<? .. ter :i3 an:ila'ble. - 1::'. ,. - • • J • ally ..,.-q:;res ... ea. :mamena..;:t.c ,
r · = t X p ~"here 100
f = the ccnsumptive use fa.ct.cr t = ~san ~cnthly te~erat~e p = r.oo::.r'c.hly percent. of &yti.me hom·n
of the yeer
By Sllalyzing the :;.-esul.ts ~ tank a">d plo·c e)::r-...eril;'a....n.ts \rhere aci..-ual. cons\.'J!l;ltive use ead been determined., coefi'icients f'or dii'i'e1·ent crops end iregetati·re types vere developed, that, S!lti:plied by the cOLS\!I!lptl.ve use factor ga.\-e cons1.ZEpth·e use. :~at.hE:I!!atical.ly, u c kf 1
vbel"e
u "" IilOilthl.y consuc;n:;J.ve use k ,.. coefficient Zor the puticula' cro:> 0:4' vegetative
type f =monthly can...ovnpth-e use f6.Ctor
.Nkmthly CCil.SUill1>tive UBe or vater fectors for the Ha.uagement .Area. lrere detern:in:ed f'rm e..vex~~ ~ rim.thly tel:Iperatl!I'€s :::ecorded far the u.s. Weather Bureau e:t the Fal.lon Experiment staticn (3), and the :month1y pel'Cellt o1' daytime hours de-Ge~ined cy Houston (4) ~or the FaJ.l.on e.rea. loonthly consu.u7pt.h-e use fccto!'S are r:>h01m in Table III.
Coefficients fer use vith the fcrEU.la u = kf thct have been c!etermined l:;y expe:r:ment fo::t'" siailar cov"er types in other ereae "'P:t"! ,
used in thi~ re:pm-C.. i
Con...-numptiYe Uce a:l l!eter 1$'.:1 fr.:erc;errt Hush Vegetaticm. l·buth­ ly ccel."'ficients used vi til tile fomula. u· "' kf to t:.eten··'"ine conthly cansU!li;pthooe use by emer3""...I!.t Ir;arsh veset.ation here vere z~ested by Hr. Bieney (UJ:!j?Ublished cor;;.:-es:pcnC!.er!ce). .Altho-.!Sh the ~rest pe:rio::l in t.be Fel1.on e.... -ea. e:..-tenciS i':ra::n October throu;;h ApriJ., e::ni I::i!XSh vege­ :ta:iian is aor.re.nt mch c::f that t:i.I!:!e 1 c~illa:cy l?.ctiCcn rell!es ~·m.tsr on the stems end. eveyoratian occurs co ti:.3t ~>eter ia u.sed throughout the year. Tc!b1e IV ehm'"S the determination of nont.b.ly consUI!i:Ptive use by
. emersent m.arsh "'legetation.
Consumptive Use or Water By Sn.ltgrass. C~tive use ~ vater by fla.ltgrass veries an the cle::;rt.h to the t:.'ater table. Tlle cl..oser the vater te.ble is to the o-o~ mrrface, the &:"ee.ter is cc·nsu:mptive use.
000122
5
In the _M:?.nagerre:::ri; Area, the e:-verege O.e:p·;;.h to ·tJle 1.-ater table in saltgrass zones is about 1.5 :feet. ConsUI:..:Pth-e use at "trater te.ble depths or one ~.d. -'17.:!0 i'eet ,.;ere CCI!:!}?uted using coei"Zi- . cients detel'lJlirl..eg. by Hucke~ and Bl.:!n.ey for . the San Francisco Bey e.rea ( 5) • Consum;pth-e use e.t e 1m.ter table depth al l. 5 feet '\res o'bt~ by interpolation.. Te.hle V SUJllL".l".!'izes !llClltilly l~ates cr? COl'!.!>~ti ve use or ·rrete:r by t:e.l·~gress in thj s urea. ~ieter use in. the scltgr._ss zone 1;as consitlel.'ed zero d.l!ring the dOJ..'!iZ"cl.l."lt, f:rcs·c, 11e:;.•ioc1.
Deter:minatim of' Coo.sUD-otive U':>e of Hu·cer By Pac·i;u..."'e. Con­ mzm.!,"lti'-.re u::>e es de-::.e.rmied by ·ree Blaney-c:rielci]~thod. i'om.eci the besis ~ol.' estim~tiug \m."tel, neecls "Zor pasture. A.1. C!21Il!.el coe:Cficien·t of 0. 7.5 in the :!ormula. u = kf iB g&el·ally ccn.nidel·.ed a::P]?J..ica'ble to g!'""'.:..SS ~e.sture.s. 1·~onthly k values !:ley •r~-y <iul'ing the season, b-u."'G
noae ~re &Vaile.ble so 0. 75 1:as consid.ered c. !!OO.t.hly '\-el.ue in cle-'.;e:rndn­ i~ c0ill3urrlptive use by }fer>..age!t-ent Area pe!itm·ea. Doing so 't~ll uot affect the estil:e.te to mzy t.!...!?IJ:l"ec:ie.ble exten"'.;.
Dates crt the first end. lc.st in'igaticns ere more ->roport::nt then tile le."lg'"...h or the gl"O\i'··l.Dg seescn :i!l det~:mining v~ter use by pastu....-es. At sti..l..lL"a.ter 1 the L'?'I'igetion se<l.Scm. e:deud.s rougl:l1y" from April 20 to October 15 1 so consumpti\.-e u.se t:as estma7,ed for that period. Ccn....9.1J!1Ptive uee l-ras as:mmed to be ~-third the .April. total end one-half' the October to:'"va1. 'Iable VI s-I.!IG!!D.rizes ccust.DIJ1ltive use at 'Hater by t.!anagement P.zea p-c.S"v.!res.
Estimated \fater RequirementG
The emount of -water suppl~-y to rai.ufall needed each lOOll"th by lske, marsh, emd :pestUl'e unitG lias determined by mu.l:ti:p~-:!ng the acreage o'£ each u-etl:lnd. type ~.f its :respecthooe Eent.bJ.y uater requirS!lent factor. 'l:L"ese factors, ocn.·Cb.ly net ixri.Bation 1-ec;;.uirements expressed es depth in feet, 1:.--ere obt.zined by rubt...-c.cting avcl"~f5l! 12ean :monthly pxecipitation from ocmtb.ly evapol"E.ticn and consumptive use rates determined in tee pl"evicus section far e&Ch ~ t.b.e four 'tretland. t;ypes--open w:ter, ~-ergent ~sh v~creta"Cicm, salt.srass, and irrigated. ~. All precipitation 't:i"ES cousidered. ef'Zecthoe :precip!-'.;ation., that is, there "W<?.O no runof':f less. 'I"ables II, TV, V, VI, giva monthly ""'-a.ter requirement fe.ctars "for each \..tetl.end. type. These i'&etors 1-re.re \ll3.ed to estilm'l:.e vet.er requL"'ed. by ·both ciu'ren.-'.; cn:i :prQ?osed. develap­ ~ts.
The estima;'~es are based on mrerages. Ev<!'.:..>emti.cn, co..~tive use~ and the fact<l.l.~ t1i1l. V2.-"'if f'rco year to ye~ c.s clit!la.tolog:i.cal. conditioils vary so tha:c tb.e emmal1·:ater rec::uis<=E:ents Vi_l.l vary.
.·:-.
. :· ... ·:..
.. . ·.· -- .. -
. . ·- .· . . - ..
.. · ·.
. _-·_ -. .
-.-:·
. ·._. -
: .-
.; ...
6
gree.:ter than 25 :percerrt so 'Chat cons:!.de:rably le.l'Ger q'l.lalltHies have to be m'"ailabl.e e.t field headga~s. Most of the e~ce.os "ba.tel·, ha.;­ eve:r; n'ill find itl.l 'tray beck to the march :::o it cennat be considered lost. ·
~rentl.y .'&d.~·c:in.13 De'\-""elcpreents. Cm."'!'ently there are 23,231. ec:res* o-f ~;a.texfo-c'"l and fu.rbe2.l.·er habit_a-l.;; in the inten:::ivel:.f de-v-eloDed :;>CI""cion ar the 6tlll1re.ter ~sh, -tncluclil:lg saltgxass zones tha-I; era a :plZt of c.nd. iml!ledio.tely e.djcc.ent to these l...'Ui'c.s. An esti­ l!ated 81.:. ,890 -=.ere-:feet of iiater m.·e required. :::m.mal.ly to mc.in·;;aiu ·these n:c.rsh units in opt-lr.mm ccncl_l·;;ion.. Iu aldition tl!ere ~re natl.lre.l. lnlres and 'Tinr::;b.es tot~Jiug 6.,1&> acl"e!l 5.u ·;;he R-:md. Dune ..t~·ea,. ct the Iud.iml !Jlkes, c.nd n;i; Pelice.n Is.lcn.d, end a very ccusicle.r.:ble ac:ree.gc of gxazing l<mcls :ln ~a. e.bout these ar::>as thct recrv.:ll--e an ecld.iticaml 341003 ac:re-i'eet c£ '\.'a"i;er annually• Still, ill nfuli-tion, are 1,1.44 ad:'e-:f'eet of 1~tex need.ed.. cnm;el 1y to ll2intz.::.U a totcl. of 560 acres o-z pesture thtlt hs:\re been developed.. Te'bl.es VII! t!n'Cl.!gh X ~ze est:il:Iw.ted 1;ater :;.-equ.irez:en-cs ~ Clll'J.-ently ~ct~ lcl."es, mershes, e.nd. pastv.res ..
Acre::..ces b--e...-e d.etemined i'rom ·llie Besic t{ater I~agement PJ..en tor the Mauage::re.nt J..:rea, c:md f':r'cm the cover type ~ prepared by Se:nr-lce Thmge l·!e.ua.ge!rent Eio.lcgists. The!:!e acreages ere s~-n in Table VII to.:;etbe.r 'tdth. opt.il:i:!um '\.rater elevatiao.S and. estimated &ere-teet storase in each unit,
P:roposed Devcl01:l1I:elltB. There are definite poss1bil.1 ties for e>.:pa.nsion.. At J..eest 5,100 acres of lake and m:t.rSh ccn be develop­ ed in the Big Yater Area, Eas-t Alkali Flat, ·i:.he Ind.ien Iakes,. end Pellcen Isl.Eu:ld A-~. These developments ...-ill not cmly increa.Ele II!E!..1":3h viJ011f'e habitat;, but "l-"'ill ccnsidere.b:cy impro1:-e grezing collliitions, espec~ in the !I!dieu I.o.kes A..~ -where tentative p::::opcs&J.s include Yater spreading. These dtnrel.opnents vl.ll reqltL~ an ed.dit1cmal 34,253 ac.re-f'eet ~ r::a.·i;e.r amnt? J ly.
At least three p.;:sture end ...reter sprt>~"'d i ng d.evelo:pment5 total.1ng 2,492 ecres 'II!B:Y oo possible, the West Pasture, ?a.iu.te Pasture,. emd the Reservoir Past-ure ".:.he.t v.i.l1. require an ed.d.iti<mal 5,087 ec:re­ feet of 'Water e.,...m,s1 Jy 1iben cccplet,ad.
Tentsth-e pllms h..."'W been drmm up 'Zcrr the tb...-ee pe.sture e-'l"f:e.s, end acreages .. -ere d.ete_T'!!lined i'rom thell fol· tb..ia estiraa:oo~
Onzy '\o"el"'Y general sv.rveys he:.ve 'been t!cle or the ot.ht!r proposed d!:vel~nts so 'tbct the ru.."'tent of tl.."'ese pz'op03al.S is uncertain. r-t e;ppe~s &t this time, m01.'!gh, i:i,at a.ltlost e.l.l. of the East Allml; Fla·~ can be d.e·1.:-eloped. into :m.ar""o:Jl units, end "c.he ncr~ invol:ved lre.G estin:ated i"zocm the P..:rea co\·er i..J--pe I!i;Cip. Tllct pm-tion a:t the 'Big \fate? 'that can be develQ!?ed, was ~~~d. Developments in the Pelicen Ial..:;:;.cd Area \.;culd no".:; reauire :much mere l-.-ater th.rul a:~ the present, except "Clw.t e 6oo-acre d....-y -12.lre ccu.ld possibly 00 used
* Includes Cenvasb-w.ek Gun Cl.'lib
7
as a 1•ese:i."Voir for that e.rea. In the Il!d.im1 Lnkes, -~he possibility of increasing the '\-:rater- supply exists that cculd, at the very le&.St, double uetland aci--ea.ges in ~~hat are~.
LITERA'Rillli CITED
(1) Young, A. A., Evcpcraticn Frcm i{ater Surf<::.ces in Cal.ii'ornie., Cal..if'orm.a. Dept. or Public Works I Bulletin #54, Division of Water Resources, 1947.
(2} Blaney, H. F., and Cl"'id.d.le, l:l. D., Dete:rmi.cing Hater Reg_uire­ ments In Il"ri_ge.ted 1-.:reas From ClliiatologiceJ. and I:rrige;i:;ion Date., u. S. Dept. ~ Agric;,:.l:cure, Soil Conserv.::.tion Service, .t.ugust 1950, Re·vised 1952.
(3) u. S. Dept. of Ccemnerce, l>ieetbel'" B.u:e2ll, Cli.Eato1ogical. Data--Nevada, .Annual. S~.f 1955.
(4) Hcm.ston, C~>de E. 1 COllSUillptive Use of r:eter By Crcr_ps in Nevada, University of Nevarla, Bulletin #185., June, 1.950.
(5) K.uckel, D. c., a.c.d Blaney, H. F., Rates of Evc:.pcraticn.&!d. Consl.IIIlPtive Use In the 52!1 F!-cncisco Bczy end lidjacen·i; Areas (Provisional) U. S. De~t. or Jlgl"icultu...--e, ligr:i.cu.ltu.ral P.esearch Service, January, 1955.
Blaney, H. F .. , and Mu.ckel, D. C., E\rapo:;:-aticn am. Evapotranspiration Investigations In The San Francisco Bay Area, Transactions, />.merice.n Geophysical. Union, Vol. 36, No. 5, October, l955·
Blcney, H. F., Cansl.lL:!ptive Use af Grour.d Water By Plll'eato:Phytea mid Hydrcpbyt.es, ~ 'P..ssoc:iation Inte::rna.tion.e.l d rByd:rologie 1 Publication #37·
Young, A. A., and B12ney, H.?., Uze of' Water By l'ra.tive Vegetation, cal.ii'ornia Dep·c. of' Public tlorks~ Bulletin #50, Dh:-ision of lfater Resources 1 1947.
.. ·.
- · To.ble I ESTTI<iA'l'ED HATER RECWillEr>i.BNTS - STILLWATER \-IIIDLIFE 1-11\NAGI!m:NT AREA
In .1\cl.·e-Feet
Jru1 Feb Ma.:l' i'LP.r May J'w1 J\tl Aur:; Se:pt Oc·G Nov Doc Annua..1. · -PilES~.,r
DEVELOPMENTS
~}.lLI.o.lce Ittc~~
SJd.llvw.ter Nm·sh 615 1,507 4,2:75 7,113 10,906 13,249 15,332 l3,68o 9,571 5,578 2,483 581 84.,890 Sand Dune Area 78 234 650 88 1,300 1,560 1,768 1,586 1,066 598 260 .52 lO,:Il~o -- Iutlio.n IAI<:eo J\reu 33 . 99 275 ,18 1,570 2,156 2,584 2,235 1,471 253 110 . 22 ll,226" Pelican Islrold 71~ 124 •372 71~1} . 1,6o4 2,108 2,557 2,222 1,51~3 818 372~ 99 12,637 ~
Pa.G·iAn'o Unite . ' ·, .. &\o·~ Pasture 37 11~3 175 207 189 1.38 51 91~0,
· Po.:iute Pt:Wturc 8 31 ' -~ 45 41 30 11 2Ql.v" -- - - Sub Total 8oo 1,96!~ 5,572 9,308 15,551~ 19,286 22,493 19,953 13,019 7,309 3,225 754 120,037
PROPOSED DEVE.tOPi·IENTS
;;rm·ohLJ..a.kc .1\re~
Euot Alkali Flat 66 198 550 836 1,100 l,3f:{) 1,1~96 1,342 902 506 220 44 8,580"' Die; Ha.ter Area 51~ 162 !~50 68h 900 l,o8o 1,221~ 1,098 738 411!- lSO 36 . 7,020"' Indian Lakeo 33 99 275 418 1,570 2,156 2,58!.1- 2,235 1,471 253 110 22 11,2261
Pclic.;m Island 18 5l~ 150 228 300 36o l~oB 366 246 138 6o 12 2z3l~o'
Sub 'l'ota.l 1'"(1 513 1,1~25 2,1.66 3,870 4,916 5,712 5,ol~1 3,35 .. ( 1,311 570 114 29,166
}'Yater Spreo.dj_ns
Hest Pasttu•e 124 482 591 700 638 1~67 171 3,173 ~ -~iute Pasture 61 236 289 342 312 228 . 81• . 1,5.52 ~cervoir Pasture JA 55 6,.( 80 73 53 20 362 ..
... o · j
0 _.. Sub Totnl 122 773 947 ...!L!gg 1,023 748 2'"(5 =ao87 I \ .
. (:::::> : = r-=aus::= -= =' I =t:%"1:-....., = = ~
.. .. ·:·;: ·:: · .
. . . . . . ..
., ... . . . . . . . ~ ... .. . .·· . .
.. )
tfATER REQ.tTIRm:·2E.HT F.ACTQ_l{S
Pan E1;-a;p x o.g4
0.30 0.03
FALLON, NEVADA
COUGUD}Jth--e Te...-""'tpel' e.ture (t) % Da.y(;:ix!e E=s. Use Fe.cto1•
(~) {P~ (1')
Jun 65.1 10.05 6.54
Ju.l 72.9 10.19 7.43
Nov 39.6 6.75 2.67
Annuel. 50.7 100.00 52.80
FOR m.lERGEN'l' . MARSli VIDETATION
2.00 0.50
o.4o 0.03
.63 .05_
1.83 .15
3.61 ·30
{f~ {lc}
5-74 0.75
6.5l~ 1.00
7.11-3 1.10
FOR SALTGRJ\.SS
1J •• 31 0.70
h.02
FOR PASTUiill
C onsur;Ipti ;,.-e Use Fed;or X 0.75 ;~- ?recipi\:aJdon -::- \-;8_J,;er Reyuires-ent I'ec-t;or
~f) Inches In<±es bcb.es r:'eet
1~.50 1.13 0.15 0.98 .o3
5.74 !~.3~ ·57 3.74 -31
6.st} 4.91. .33 4.50 .38
7.1}3 5·57 .16 5.41 .45
6.73 5-05 .16 4.89 .41
5.14 3.86 .24 3.62 ·30
3.97 1)~9 .23 1.26 .u l:-0.05 26.32 1.84 24.48 2.o4
·Y<- Irrige;tion see.so!l, Apl'il 20 to October 1..5. ConZUIL:ptive t;se end P".cec:Lpitatiou asst!!!!ed to be l/3 or April ·cotal, and 1/2 or October to·i;.al..
000131
s·~:J.llirn:cer RcGCl'VO:l.r
I•'o):.to.ll T..nke
OPTIMUl>l WATER ELEVATIONS 1 ESTIMATED STORAGE, 'HETLAIID ACREAGES CURRENTLY DEVELOPED UNITS .. STILLWATER lt1ARSH
EGt1ma.ted. I~oo:ob Optimum Store.ge in Open Water Vcgeto.tiou
Ho.'cer Elev. .Acre-feet Acre§~ Aci'eoee
3910.50 7,000 1, 70'( 132
3889.50 2,400 . 1,001 !)56
3889.CO 900 466 97
3885.00 300 213 5ll.
3677.00 2,200 691~ 372
31377.00 2,300 1,223 359
38'{5 .oo 4,000 1,005 2,100
No do:l:.a 150 100
3878.00 5,600 873 530
3878.00 4,100 539 h86
37,500 ll,936 8,587 .;:. Private Shooting Club
.. .. . . ,• . .. '· . ·\ :' ' . · '
.. .. .. · ·: , . .... ·· .. . ·.·. ..
Jan J.i'cb
55 161
CURRElllTLY DEVELOPED UNITS 40 STILDIA'l'ER l1ARSII In Acre-Feet
ll!or Apr May Jun Ju1 .!!§ Sept Oct Nov
447 689 931 1,119 1,274 l,V~1 773 437 191
333 547 . 8o9 978 1,127 1,008 701 l~J3 183
132 206 291 35l ~·01 359 24·6 139 62
Q w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
376 571~ 798 968 1, 103 987 664 353 J.51J.
566 1,012 1,568 1,884 2,193 1,960 1,4JJJ. 921~ 416
25 38 53 64 73 66 44 23 lO
35 53 79 97 lll 99 66 32 J)~
286 lJ-.52 654 793 909 814 557 311 137
298
281
208
637
h81
7,113 10,906 13,249 15,332 13,680
637
708
482
' . : .. : •' , , . . . •.
·. ·· .. \· ·.::.·:.'.:' :. :· ·. :· ' .
CURREifl'LY DEVELOPED UNIT5 - STILUTATER Z..lARSII Iu Ac1·c·Feet
Unit ~ ~ ~ AI!!: ~ Jun Ju.l Aug se.,t Oct Nov Dec Annuo.J. - - - Dtil.ll-Tatcr nco. 51. 154 427 649 851~ 1,024 . 1~161 1,01•1 700 393 171 34 6,659
..
Coooe lake 21 62 171~ 264 ?fo7 4l.6 472 423 285 l6o 69 lJI. 2,707 . I ~-ron lake 37 llO 306 465 612 734 832 746 501 281 l22 21• 4,770
..
IJJ.tgraoo 30 91 251 382 503 603 683 6l3 l~l2 231 101 20 3,920 ·· . .'·
lti.viaion Pond 3 9 25 38 50 6o 68 61 41 23 10 2 390
J;::od L. Canal l~ l3 35 53 70 at~ 95 85 57 32 ll~ 3 545
~llle !Jlko 30 90 249 378 498 598 Grr 608 lH)B 229 100 20 3,835 .
\llllou taka 26 79 21.8 332 ~~37 524 594 533 358 201 87 11 3,1}()6
Hi.llen lAke 20 59 165 250 329 395 1147 401 270 151 66 13 2,566
. ._.) cad· LWro 16 49 135 205 270 323 367 329 221 12!~ . !jl~ ll 2,104 (
422 52§ 5lh 3h6 19~ 81~ .. pmvo.oback Club .12 __1§ 211 320 5'Q _g 3,288 - .d
. .
' .. : ... ''
~TATER REQUIRED BY lll•rn:RGID-i'T MARSH VEGE'rATIOU
CURRENTLY DEVELOPED AREAS - STIW1ATER MARSH In Acre-Fee·!;
Area. Jnn Feb No.r £r2!. HO.i£ Jun Jul. ~ Scp'C Oct Nov Dec Annual - - . StilhTnter Rea. 4 7 20 40 63 75 88 79 59 l~4 20 5 504
Foxtail lLlkc 17 28 83 1E7 267 317 373 33/J. 250 183 83 22 2,124
Dry Ulke 3 5 15 29 47 55 65 53 44 32 15 4 372
Cattail !Jlka 2 ':) 8 1.6 26 31 36 . 32 24 18 8 2 206 .J
· GooGe I.a.lre ll 19 56 112 179 212 249 223 167 123 56 15 . l,h22
S\ron Lake ll 18 51~ 108 172 205 2hl 215 162 11.8 5ll- 1!~ 1,372
Pintail Ea.y l 2 6 12 1.9 23 zr 21~ 18 13 6 2 153
I\Utsraao 63 105 ' 315 630 1,008 l,l97 1,~~07 1,260 91~5 693 315 ell- 8,022
IJlvioiou Pond
l'./Jt\11 L. Ccmal
Tule I.a.ke 7 J2 37 74 119 lJJ.l 166 149 112 02 37 10 946 ,
h'il.lot·T Lo.lro 16 zr 80 159 254 302 355 31.8 239 175 80 21 . 2,026
1<11ll.en Illke ?3 39 U6 231 370 439 516 1•63 3l~7 251• U6 31 2,945
Imld Lo.ke l5 21~ 73 Jh.6 233 zrr 326 292 219 1.60 73 19 1,857 '·
COllVa.Dbo.clt Club ...Q2. lh2 426 85J lz~~ lz620 ll~~ 1,702 l~2r(9 938 1~26 llh 10z856 ·
0 Total 258 1~31 1,289 2,5TI l~,l21 4 ,85Jl~ 5,753 5,.152 3,865 2,833 1,289 343 32,805 0
q 1--'- w Ul .. ... . • .
L"l Acre-Feet
Still\ia"i:er Res. lJ.J. .2) 25 21. J.lJ. 94 .. ·-
"::, Fa~ . .-tai.l r..cl:e 41 6o 73 63 41 278 ·· ..
Dry lake ll l.6 19 ~7 ll 74
ca:ttaU I.a.1re 5 7 8 7 5 32
Goose Iclre 26 39 48 41. 26 l.8o ..
':wml Lake 52 11 95 81 52 357
Pint.ai.l Bay 4o 58 ~ 61. 4o 270
!~~grass 57 82J. 103 87 57 388
DiviG1on Poril. 3 4 5 5 3 2J ·.
· . Lead L. Cen~ 9 l3 J.6 14 9 61. . . . ·.-; . .
Tule Lel':.e 37 54 66 57 "57 251 ...
Wil.l.ot~ l"..s1;e h.-0 59 72 61 4o 272
r>ll.llen La.tre 91 l33 164- 139 91 618
I.ead L"'.l:e ~-2 62 76 64 42 286
Ca.nYasbec.k Club 345 5o6 621 529 345 2~346 .. - .
813 1,~92 l. 462 !,247 813 5,527 .. , : :
.. . .
.. . -
'... - ;
SAUD DUlillS
2,600 acres 78 234 650 988 . 1,300 1,56o 1,768 ()'pen H~ter
l1®IMl L/Uffi3 ( . and SEEP PONDS
1,100 ncres 33 99 2'75 418 550 66o 748 Cpeu Ha.ter
3,l:.oo ooroo 1,020 1,1~96 1,836 ScU.tg-L'GJJll
PELICflJl IS.
2,1!.60 acres 7L~ 121J. 3'(2 .. (44 1,190 1,411~ 1,662 Ma.rch
1,335 acreo hl4 694 895 Saltc;l·asn
.• -- '
ESTD·lm ?.M:RR ~"'l'S FOR CURRENTLY D_t;v.lli.OPED ?ASTU~ In Acre-Feet
East Paiut e Pas·~ure Pa.si"Ul"e Total.
Mont.h 460 A. 100 A. ilc:.•e-Fee·:-
A"9r 31 8 45
Jtm 175 38 213
Jul. ro7 ~~5 252
Sept 138 .30 168
Oct 51 ll 62
PROPOSED l>ffiRSR and :r.J\.KE DEVELOl)NENTS i
!!.9:!! Feb Ma.r A;pr ME}J: Jun Jul. Av.r,; Sept Oct Nov Dec .Annua...l ..
East Alkali Flat
Open Hatel' 66 198 550 836 1,100 1,320 1,!~96 1,3!}2 902 506 220 lJl~ 8,58o I
2, 200 o.c.reo ·I
B:J.~ Watel' .Area. .. Opan Hatel• 511- 162 14-50 684 goo 1,080
1 1 800 O.Cl'CO 1,224 1,098 738 lnl• 180 36 7,020
Pel:l.co.n Iolnnd A!'ca
O]?c.n 'Ha.tcr 18 5q. 150 228 300 360 1~o8 366 21~6 138 6o 12 2,340 600 a.croa
Ind:i.nn I.clwo !lrcn ... ' -- - O)?eu Ha.ter 33 99 275 410 550 660 748 6r{l l,\51 253 llO . 22 4,290
1,100 ocroo
Salter as a 1.,020 1,496 1,836 ~.561~ 1,020 6,936 3,L~oo a.crcs -
(~""
HJl:l!!!.'t SPEE!illi!~ D.~;:;VEWPHE!iTS
Apr 61 124 14 199 ' I
Hay 236 !~.82 55 773
J'un 289 59~ 67 947 Jul 311-2 700 8o 1,122
f..!lg 312 638 73 1,023
Sept; 228 467 53 748 Oct 84 171 ro 275
1J552 3,173 362 5,087
Fallon, l'~vad.a
Est:i.raa:i;e of' Pest Wa·cer Use - Still!veter Ma.r.sh
Records of nast ;ra·eer uses on the Still'h"e.ter l~arsh are elmast n.on.-existent. - Y..easu1-emen.ts oZ infle!·T in·i;o the marsh >7ere m.::.d.e :C:;:om 1948 to 19.50 by ·i±e Bt.u-eau o:t> Recl~lra:~icn, llm;eyer, end it "L-as ae-terrniued. f':i-om ·C.b.ese me.-?.Su:re:ment;s that upp:rm:l.ma"'.;e~ 24% af I.ahontan L.-r .l.gat.ion d:isc!l.crge ree:±ed ·(.he Sti i l:tre:t-er Ka.:rsh ( l.).
Te:ble I ESTIMATED STIL!.HATER H.4P.SI! INFLOrT
Year Inflow {Acre-Feet2
1954 105:900
Table I sho'.:!s the ini"l01-r into "'d!e Stil.ll.;ater Mersh as measured by the Buree.u of Beclametion, 1948-1950, ruJ.d. estimated as 24% of Lahanta:a irrigation di5charge for the ·ye~s 1951-1954. In 1.955 the Bureau reSUI!led meesuremo._nts of still:~m.ter Harsh i.n:flcw1 but the records are not }'et evai.J.e.'bl.e.
Table II shet·TS estil!!at.ed. we.ter t!Ses by ind.ividllal Sti.l..llmter Marsh Units frO!l 1951-55, &-d. ~ -,'ater e~vatioos rea.ched. during the year. It is based an 'h"2. .. cer use tbrough e·1.:-a.po:rntion. 811d. consUIJ!!)tive use as dete:t"Zlli.ned fer each of those yeo....-s 'b-.f the B1.aney-Cr:i.d.d.l.e and pan eve.poretion methods. 'Wa-Ger condi ti0Il8 uere cletermiued i'rm state­ ments e.ud inf'erences in Rti'uge 1®-ra.t:ii.>e Reports: und. frcm geuge reading reports. Data. on vater conditions are not sufficient for a great degl~ee cr? accuracy.
In.forii!B.tion is not sm."'i'icient to estin:ate past 'm:ter uses for the years J.gl:-9 EWil. 1950., no1• on undeveloped areas.
. :· ·
. : .-
PAST lTATER USE .. ESTIMATED .. INTEl~IVELY DEVELOPED AUEA
Still. Foxtail Dry Cattail Goose ·Slftm P"lntail Tule Heat Ca.nva.a- Reo. I..ake Lnke Lc1ke Lake Lalro Day lrutgraso !Alte Marsh back
Yero:- Unit Unit Unit Unit Uni·i; Unit Uu1.t unit uw.t Unit Club* Total - '51 J\..F. 6,500 5,800 1,300 1,000 4,000 5,900 1,700 Dry 4,6oo 15,100 1.6,000 61,900
A. F. 6,300 5,700 2,000 900 3,900 5,8oo 5,300 4,500 :14 900 J . 16,000 65,300 '52 .
Elev. 3909.13 3890.50 3888.78 3884.o6 3878.68 3876.86 3876.8o 3878.68 t..
A.F. '"( ,200 6,300 2,300 1,100 2,900 6,500 6,100 3,hoo 5,100 ])~,500 16,700 72,100 '53
lllcv. 3909.15 3891.25 3889.84 3885.o6 38TI.85 3877·35 3876.28 3875·52 3877.85
A.F. 5,lt.QO 5,700 2,000 900 3,900 5,500 5,300 10,000 1~,500 14,700 15,8oo 73,700 ; '54
Elev. 3909.41 3889.78 3889.05 3885.21 3878.11 3877.02 38'{6.85 38'(5.38 3870.u
A.F. 5,900 4,900 2,200 490 3,8oo 6,000 1,300 12,000 2,500 15,700 16,6oo 71,390 '55
E.lev. 3909.44 3889.72 3889.08 3885.00 3878.00 3877.11+ 3876.73 3876.28 3875·76 3877·56
-;r Priva-'Ge Hunting Club [")
' . ·:' : .· ;· .·· · .. · . ; ~:.• . ~ ·, ·.·. : ... .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . · .. . . .. .. . .. ... . .· . ... ·: : .. .: j
.. . . . • l:' .
:,·.· _.-:- ·· .. . -.· .··· . .• :. ·-· . J ~·. :. · -: ._ .. ___ -
Surr:mary o-~ Pl":Z.ncipal. USes
recj7ee:tioua.l and economic uses a£ tb.e ~:;m.sgement P.:rea. Tl!e recreation.a.J. vc.J.ue c:f.t tbe l'ttea. Vill conti.n:ue ·to gl'Oi·1 J
as i·i< ~s since its inceptiau~ as the population r;rm.-rs, and es :more people d.iscov-el" the t."hol.escme outdoor recrea­ tion afforded ·~e.
The Menagemen·l; Area is extremely ·;raluable to the entire fl.~j'wey \.~teri'aw~ population. w~t.erfcr.;l. produced he1·e provide . recreaticm for the people of mmy other 't.-eetern states as ""'ell a.s Nevada. It is an especially il:l;portant redhead. prod.uc·l;ioo area, a duck speci~s t.hat rr:sy 'be clecll.Ding, e.nd it is e.n im,porl;ant sto,pover dv.r-1ng both the spring and fe.ll :migrations Were W."a.terfcru-1 can find. the habitat they need. I·ts ~ to vaterfow~ ""ill become greater in the yeazs to cOl!!e.
.4 ·
000143
Year
Yea.r
Sbillwa.ter Wildlife ~:auee;Elllent p_,_-e3. Fallon, I-~evacla
P.ECREA.TIOW'~ USE
AUM's
GR~:~IHG
HUSKRAT :i:IP .. l1VEST * Humber Estima:i;;ed
Harv-e s-'-ved cash Value
2,925 $ 3,540.00 13,072 J2,34o.oo 1.5,558 9,025.00 1.3,598 17,000.00 6,l~54 6, 8!:.0.00
.;:- !'l'UI!!bel' ban-es-l;ed in trapping see.sou ending Hsrch of the :r-eer shc:m.
Total
No. of Pemittees
.._ · ..... ,_- ~ "