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WORK, LIFE AND LEISURE

CITIES IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

WORKSHEET NO. – 01 DATED:

In 1880, Durgacharan Ray wrote _________________________________________

According to Durgacharan Ray

Which Gods visited the British India Capital? ________________________________________________________________

Which city was the capital of British India?

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What scenes made the Gods wonderstruck?

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What did the Gods decide?

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What opportunities Calcutta offered?

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What disturbed the Gods?

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How was Brahma tricked?

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____________________________________________________________________What contrasts the Indian cities were displaying?

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What three historical processes have shaped modern cities in decisive ways?

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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CITY

The importance of cities as centers of

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The cities supported

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Ancient cities developed when increase in food supplies made it possible to support a wide range

of non-food producers

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Industrialization and the Rise of the Modern City in England

The early industrial cities of Britain were

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Tracing the history of London

By 1750, the population of London was _____________________________________

Between 1810 and 1880 the population of London increased from 1 million to about

_________________________________________________

According to Historian Gareth Stedman Jones the city of London comprised of

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The major industry of London were its dockyards, the other five major types of industry were

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During the First World War (1914 -1918) London began manufacturing

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________________ and _________________________

MARGINAL GROUPS

In 1870s ___________________________________ criminals lived in London

What were the following worried about?

POLICE

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PHILANTHROPISTS

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INDUSTRIALISTS

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Henry Mayhew classified many as ‘criminals’ who were ordinary people and lived by stealing

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What efforts were done by the authorities to discipline the population?

1. ___________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________

THE WOMEN LOST JOBS DUE TO TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS

The women were forced to work as

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2.

FACTORIES EMPLOYED LARGE NUMBER OF WOMEN IN THE LATE 18TH AND EARLY 19TH

CENTURIES

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3.

4.

Children were employed ____________________________________________________________

Who wrote The Bitter Cry of Outcast London?

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Why were children kept out of the Industrial work from 1902 onwards?

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When was the Compulsory Elementary Education Act passed?

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HOUSING

Why did people migrate in large numbers to London?

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Why were workers forced to live in cheap unsafe housing?

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Cheap and unsafe building mostly occupied by the new arrivals were called as

_____________________________________________

What were Charles Booth findings?

1. The average age of poor was __________ years compared to _________ years of the gentry and middle class

IN 1887 CHARLES BOOTH A SHIPOWNER CONDUCTED A

FIRST SOCIAL SURVEY OF LOW SKILLED LONDON WORKERS

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2. The poor were more likely to die in

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________What were the reasons for the increased concern of constructing more houses in London for the poor?

1. ___________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________________

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CLEANING LONDON

What steps were taken to clean London?

1. ___________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________________________

What steps were taken to counter severe housing shortage in Britain during the First World War?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

How were the ‘Lungs’ to the city be provided?

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Who developed the concept of Garden City?

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Who designed the garden city of New Earswick?

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What were the main features of the new garden cities?

1. ______________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

What steps were taken in Britian between the two World Wars relating to housing?

1. ____________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________

TRANSPORT IN THE CITY

How transport partially solved housing crisis in London?

________________________________________________________________________________

How was the underground railways helpful?

1. __________________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________________

Why people were scared to travel in the underground trains?

1. ___________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________

FIRST UNDERGROUND TRAIN

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3. ___________________________________________________________________________

How did Charles Dickens describe the construction of the underground railways?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________________

Why were the London poor displaced due to the underground railways?

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Which other cities copied the London underground rail network?

1. ___________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________

What were the effects of the underground railways?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________

SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE CITY

What was the impact of industrial cities on family and woman?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

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2. ____________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________________________

How women became independent in the new British cities?

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Men, Women and Family in the City

The cities encouraged a new spirit of _____________________________________________

Did the men and women had access to new urban space on basis of equality - Yes / No

Why did the women stayed in their homes?

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________________________

What different political movements men were involved?

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

What different movements women in Britain supported?

1. ________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________

What led to the transformation of the urban family by the 20th century?

1. __________________________________________________________________________

INDIVIDUALISM

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2. __________________________________________________________________________

Leisure and Consumption

What were the main features of the ‘London Season’?

1. ___________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________________________

What were the new types of large-scale entertainment for common people?

1. ___________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________________________

POLITICS IN THE CITY

Why did the London poor revolt in 1886?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

What were the effects of the riot of 1886?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

A TYPICAL TAVERN SCENE

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2. ____________________________________________________________________________

What was the bloody Sunday of November 1887?

_________________________________________________________________________________

What were the main features of London dockworkers strike of 1889?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________

What was the impact of the growing population on the politics of the cities?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________

THE CITY IN COLONIAL INDIA

During British rule –

1. 11% Indians were living in cities2. A large number of urban dwellers resided in the three presidency cities3. These were multi-functional cities

Bombay: The Prime City of India?

1. Bombay was initially a Portuguese colony2. In 1661 British king Charles II married Portuguese princess, as dowry Bombay was given to

British3. The East India Company quickly shifted its base from Surat in Gujarat to Bombay

What was the impact of British take over on Bombay?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

FACTS

CHARLES II

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2. ____________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________

Work in the City

The growth of trade in cotton and opium the different communities came to settle in Bombay were –

1. __________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________

What was the impact of growth of Bombay’s industry on women?

1. _________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________

Why Bombay became a magnet for migrant workers?

1. __________________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________________

What was the major worry with increasing population of Bombay?

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Housing and Neighbourhood

Why did the pressure on Bombay housing issues increased?

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Which communities lived in sprawling spacious bungalows?

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2.

3.

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Where did the 70% of the working people lived in Bombay?

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Where were 90% of millworkers housed?

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What were the thickly populated poor housing called in Bombay?

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What were the main features of the ‘chawls’

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________________

What conditions were common scene in the chawls?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________________________

6. ____________________________________________________________________________

7. ____________________________________________________________________________

Who headed the local neighbourhood as a leader?

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What were the main functions of the jobber?

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1. ____________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________________________

How were the ‘depressed classes’ treated in Bombay?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________________

What was the main reason for planning Bombay?

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When was the Bombay improvement trust established?

____________________________

When was the first rent act passed in Bombay?

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How did the rent act adversely affect the housing issues?

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1. The earliest project to develop Bombay started in 1784

2. William Hornby approved the building of the great wall which prevented the flooding of the low-lying areas of Bombay.

FACTS!

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Tip of Malabar Hill

End of Colaba

Which company got the contract to reclaim land in Bombay?

____________________________________________________

Ballard EstateBombay as the City of Dreams: The World of Cinema and Culture

Bombay was also known to many as ________________________________

SHOT A SCENE OF A WRESTLING MATCH IN HANGING GARDEN BECAME FIRST MOVIE IN

1896

DADASAHEB PHALKE MADE FIRST FILM ‘RAJA HARISHCHANDRA’ IN 1913

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CITIES AND THE CHALLENGE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Which cities were affected the most due to industrial pollution in England?

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2.

3.

How did pollution affect daily life?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

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ISMAT CHUGTAI

THE LONDON SMOG 1847

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____________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________________

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Which were the first cities to have legislation by 1840s?

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Why was it difficult to blame the industry owners for smoke pollution?

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What were the smoke control acts passed in 1847 and 1853 called?

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Which city in India was most affected by smoke pollution?

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What were the main polluters responsible for smoke pollution in Calcutta?

1. ____________________________________________________________________________

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2. ____________________________________________________________________________

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What was the new polluter responsible for smoke pollution in Calcutta in 1855?

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When was the first smoke control legislation passed for Calcutta and what was it called?

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Which was the first city in India to get smoke nuisance legislation?

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What was new pollutant in Calcutta in 1920?

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Why were the Calcutta residents complaining about soot?

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*********************Dasvataniya !!