documents.worldbank.orgdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/pt/250921468101934557/E... · Web viewThe Solomon Islands Government (SIG) has sought World Bank assistance in preparing the

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND METSOROLOGY (MECDM)

CLIMATE CHANGE DIVISION AND NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT OFFICE

COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE & DISASTER RISK IN SOLOMON ISLANDS PROJECT (CRISP)

ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

(ESMF)

SEPTEMBER 2013

Page

E4329

ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

CRISP Community Resilience to Climate Change & Natural Hazards in Solomon Islands Project

CH Community Helper

ECOP Environmental Codes of Practice

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework

IA Implementing Agency

JOC Joint Oversight Committee (for PGSP)

MECDM Ministry of Environment, Climate Change and Disaster Management

MPGIS Ministry of Provincial Government and Institutional Strengthening

MoFT Ministry of Finance and Treasury

PCC Project Coordination Committee

PCDF Provincial Capacity Development Fund

PG Provincial Government

PGSP Provincial Governance Strengthening Programme

PMU Project Management Unit

OAG Office of the Attorney General

SIG Solomon Islands Government

SO Safeguards Officer

TSDP Transport Sector Development Programme

WB World Bank

WDC Ward Development Committee

WS Work Supervisors

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Community Resilience to Climate & Disaster Risk Social and Environmental Management Framework in Solomon Islands Project (ESMF)(CRISP)

Contents1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................62 Legal framework............................................................................................................................7

2.1 Legislations applicable to projects...........................................................................................72.1.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies...................................................................................72.1.2 SIG Environmental and National Disaster Risk Management Legislations...............8

2.2 Existing In-Country Institutional Arrangements for Environmental and Disaster Risk Management.............................................................................................................................9

3 Project Description......................................................................................................................113.1 Proposed Investments.............................................................................................................113.2 General Project Implementation Arrangements.....................................................................12

4 Socio-Environmental Baseline Conditions in Project area......................................................144.1 Physical environment.............................................................................................................14

4.1.1 GSOgraphical Location.............................................................................................154.1.2 Topography and GSOlogy.........................................................................................15

4.1.3 Climate......................................................................................................................164.1.4 Land Resource and Soil.............................................................................................16

4.1.5 Aggregate mining......................................................................................................174.1.6 Water Resource and Usage........................................................................................17

4.2 Biological Environment.........................................................................................................184.2.1 Terrestrial environment.............................................................................................184.2.2 Marine resources.......................................................................................................18

4.2.3 Rare/Endangered Species and Protected Areas.........................................................194.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment...........................................................................19

4.3.1 Population and social organisation............................................................................19

4.3.2 Housing......................................................................................................................204.3.3 Land Use and Land Ownership.................................................................................20

4.3.4 Economy....................................................................................................................214.3.5 Jobs and incomes.......................................................................................................21

4.3.6 Water supply..............................................................................................................214.4 The challenges to the environment.........................................................................................21

5 Project’s Social and Environmental Potential Impacts and Risks..........................................225.1 Positive Impacts.....................................................................................................................235.2 Potential Negative Impacts and Risks....................................................................................235.3 Avoid Impacts and Mitigation Measures...............................................................................33

5.3.1 Avoid impacts............................................................................................................335.3.2 Measures for mitigating potential socio-environmental impacts during construction and operation phases – ECOP................................................................................................33

6 Environmental & Social Management Framework.................................................................34

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6.1 Five-steps of Socio-Environmental Management in CRISP..................................................346.1.1 Step 1: Socio-Environmental Eligibility Criteria and Screening..............................34

6.1.2 Step 2: Screening Potential Socio-environmental Impacts.......................................366.1.3 Step 3: Select ECOP for eligible sub-projects...........................................................39

6.1.4 Step 4: Implement ECOPs.........................................................................................406.2 Indigenous PSOple Participation and Consultation Framework............................................416.3 Information Disclosure...........................................................................................................446.4 Institutional Arrangements for ESMF implementation..........................................................44

7 Land Acquisition and Compensation Guidelines.....................................................................488 Grievance Redress Mechanism...................................................................................................49Bibliography and References..............................................................................................................81

List of Key Persons met during ESMF Preparation.........................................................................82

TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 1 – WB’s Safeguard Policies and Relevance to CRISP................................................................7Table 2 – Representative investment sub-projects................................................................................11Table 3 – Operational arrangements for community-led rural investments under CRISP....................12Table 4 - Operational arrangements for Provincial Government (PG)-led rural investments under CRISP....................................................................................................................................................14Table 5 – Land forms of the Solomon Islands.......................................................................................17Table 6 – Potential negative impacts of the works under CRISP..........................................................26Table 7 – CRISP Environmental and Social Safeguard Implementation Procedures...........................35Table 8 – Safeguard Implementation Responsibilities for community-led rural investments under the CRISP....................................................................................................................................................46Table 9 - Safeguard Implementation Responsibilities for Provincial Government (PG)-led rural investments under the CRISP................................................................................................................46Table 10 - Responsibilities of CRISP Key stakeholders in implementing Safeguard...........................47Table 11 - Comparison of Provisions of the Land and Titles Act 1969 with Bank Resettlement Principles...............................................................................................................................................69

Table 12 - Resettlement Actions in the Project Cycle...........................................................................73

Figure 1 – SI Disaster Risk Management Institutional Framework......................................................10Figure 2-- Location of Project Area.......................................................................................................15

FORMS

Form 1 – Socio-environmental ELIGIBILITY Screening Questions....................................................36

Form 2 – Socio-environmental IMPACTS Screening Questions..........................................................38

Form 3 –ECOP of subproject.................................................................................................................39

Form 4 – Records of Public Consultation..............................................................................................44

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ANNEXES

Annex 1: Prescribed Developments Listed in Schedule 2 of the Environmental Act

Annex 2: Complaints Record Form

Annex 3: ECOP for Investments under CRISP

Annex 4: Draft Terms of Reference for Environmental & Social Safeguards Officer – CRISP

Annex 5: Some Issues observed and Lessons Learned from previous RDP sub-projects in Solomon Islands

Annex 6: Resettlement Policy Framework

Annex 7: Sample Consent Form

Annex 8: Compensation and Entitlement Form for Affected Person

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1. Introduction

The Solomon Islands Government (SIG) has sought World Bank assistance in preparing the Community Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards in Solomon Islands Project (CRISP). The CRISP will be implemented by the Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology (MECDM).

The CRISP will ensure compliance with the World Bank Safeguard Policies and the requirements on environmental management of the SIG. Potential social and environmental impacts will be identified at early stage of project preparation and negative potential impacts will be addressed during project implementation. This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) has been prepared during CRISP preparation to meet these requirements. In addition, the ESMF will aim to introduce good environmental practices from other relevant projects that are being implemented in Solomon Islands and the Pacific region.

The key contents of the ESMF are:

Legal framework: summary of the World Bank Safeguard policies and SIG Environmental and National Disaster Risk Management legislations applicable to CRISP, including description of existing environmental management capacity in Solomon Islands.

Project Description: focus on the type of physical investments that may have negative potential social and environmental impacts.

Description of Socio-environmental baseline conditions in Project area: briefly describe the environmental and social contexts of Solomon Islands where the project will be implemented

Prediction of Project’s social and environmental potential impacts and introductions on mitigation measures through site selection, construction and operation phases

Environmental Management procedures applicable to subprojects, including arrangements for subproject socio-environmental screenings, identification of mitigation measures, the implementation and monitoring of these mitigation measures

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure plan of CRISP

Grievance redress mechanism under CRISP

The final draft ESMF will be disclosed at MECDM office for public access and comments prior to Project Implementation.

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2. Legal framework

2.1 Legislation applicable to projects

2.1.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies

Table 1 – WB’s Safeguard Policies and Relevance to CRISP

Safeguards Policies

Triggers and Requirements Triggered by CRISP

Yes NoOP 4.01 - Environmental Assessment

This policy requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for World Bank financing to help ensure that projects are sound and sustainable. CRISP has been primarily classified as environmental category B by the World Bank as most of the potential negative impacts are foreseeable, at low or moderate level and can be avoided or mitigated effectively.An Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF, this document) has been prepared and serves as an EA document. The ESMF considers the project’s potential social and environmental impacts and sets a mechanism for impacts screening, mitigation and monitoring during project implementation phase. While questions are developed for impacts screening, the Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP) introduced in the ESMF will be applied during construction phase to mitigate potential negative impacts of sub-projects. As the project is designed with participatory approach, extensive consultation will be incorporated in every step of sub-project implementation including design phase.

X

OP4.04- Natural Habitats

The project could have limited negative impact on natural habitats (rivers, waterway, .), given the nature of the sub-projects and the fact that the exact location is not known.

Sub-projects with limited impact could be eligible provided that the benefits outweigh the negative impacts and that mitigation measures are put in place in accordance with OP/BP 4.04.

Environmental screening will exclude subprojects that significantly convert or degrade critical natural habitats.

X

OP 4.10 - Indigenous People

This policy requires assessment of whether indigenous people (IP) including ethnic minority (EM) groups, as distinct from the dominant social/ethnic groups, will be more vulnerable to, or unable to fully participate in, and benefit from, a project. Since the majority of the beneficiaries can be considered as communities of indigenous people, a stand-alone IPP (Indigenous People Plan) is not required. Instead, the elements

X

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of the IPP will be integrated into the Project design.Physical Cultural Resources OP/BP 4.11

Tabu and known cultural sites will be avoided. A chance find protocol is included in the ESMF to address the possibility of unexpected discovery of physical cultural resources, indigenous or foreign human remains dating from the Second World War occupation.

X

OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement

The policy is triggered. The project will provide support to establish arrangements, through Community Officers (COs), and assist communities to manage conflicts that undermine community security, development and social cohesion. One key area of conflict is land disputes over tenure and ownership.Construction of structural disaster risk and adaptation investments at the community and provincial levels may require access to land or impact livelihoods of affected people. The project will develop a participatory approach and sub-projects should therefore have broad community support, and access to communal or privately used land may be expected to be largely through voluntary donation.A Resettlement Policy Framework (annex to the ESMF) has been prepared by the Project in case involuntary resettlement is unavoidable, Because development of policy and process is an important Component A output, this policy is also triggered to guide incorporation of principles into standard operating procedures of the line agencies engaged in DRR and DRM. The RPF provides guidance in integrating resettlement principles in the development of policy that will regulate implementation of sub-projects under Component C.

.

X

2.1.2 SIG Environmental and National Disaster Risk Management Legislations

The key Solomon Islands environmental legislations applicable to the CRISP are the Environmental Act 1998 and the Wildlife Protection and Management Act (WPMA) 1998.

The Environmental Act includes 5 parts in which Part 1 provides basic definitions and interpretation of key terms used in the Act. Part II sets out the functions and the nation’s two key environmental authorities namely the Environmental and Conservation Division (ECD) and the Environmental Advisory Committee. Part III sets out regulations on Environmental Impacts Assessment, review and monitoring of development activities. Under this part, the Law requires that the Director, the ECD and relevant public authorities will consider the potential impacts of development proposals on the environment. Developers of prescribed development (listed in Schedule 2 of the Act and annexed in this ESMF) bear the responsibilities of preparing an environmental report and submitting it to ECD for consideration. Part IV provides provisions on pollution control.

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The objective of the WPMA is to provide regulations on international trading of the country’s wildlife resource including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, insects, plants and marine organisms. As SI became a member of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in 2007, the development of regulations now include all CITES requirements.

Regarding disaster risk management, SIG has prepared the National Disaster Risk Management Plan (NDRMP) in 2010 and the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP) for 2012-2017. The NDRMP covers both disaster risk reduction and disaster management. The NCCP represents SIG’s responses to the challenges and opportunities related to climate change with a focus on better coordination, cooperation and collaboration. While the CRISP will ensure compliance with the environmental acts mentioned above, the project will operate within the frameworks of the NCCP and NDRMP.

Another legislation that may also govern the CRISP is the Land and Titles Act (1988 and amended in 1996) which consolidates the law relating to the tenure of land, registration of interests in land, and compulsory acquisition of land.

The Act covers customary land rights. The Act defines customary land as " ... any land (not being registered land, other than land registered as customary land, or land in respect of which any person becomes or is entitled to be registered as the owner of an estate pursuant to the provisions of Part III [of the Act]) lawfully owned, used, or occupied by a person or community in accordance with current customary usage."

Part V of the Act deals with the purchase or lease of customary land by private treaty, and compulsory acquisition of land. For public works the land is not acquired as such, it is gifted or contributed following an extensive period of consultation and agreement through the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). The MOU waives the customary interest in the land in lieu of the public infrastructure (wharves, roads, schools, clinics and other public utilities).

Two articles of the Constitution also provide for compulsory acquisition. Article 111 which states that in regard to land which has ceased to be customary land, Parliament may; (i) provide for the conversion into a fixed-term interest of any perpetual interest in such land held by a person who is not entitled to hold such a perpetual interest (as defined by Article 110); (ii) provide for the compulsory acquisition where necessary of such land or any right over or interest in such land; and (iii) prescribe the criteria to be adopted in regard to the assessment and payment of compensation for compulsory acquisition (which may take account of, but need not be limited to, the following factors: the purchase price, the value of improvements made between the date of purchase and the date of acquisition, the current use value of the land, and the fact of its abandonment or dereliction).

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In respect of customary land, in Article 112, the Constitution allows the compulsory acquisition of customary land or any right over or interest in it, as long as there have been negotiations with the owner(s) of the land, right or interest prior to the acquisition, the owner(s) have a right of access to independent legal advice, and the interest in the acquired land is limited to a fixed-term interest.

2.2 Existing In-Country Institutional Arrangements for Environmental and Disaster Risk Management

The Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology (MECDM) is the agency responsible for state management of these covered aspects. MECDM consists of four divisions, namely:

o Environment & Conservation Division (ECD);o Climate Change Division (CCD); o National Disaster Management Office (NDMO); ando Meteorology Division (MD)

EIA appraisal and approval is the function of ECD as regulated by the Environmental Act 1998. Currently (2012), ECD’s monitoring and supervision capacity is limited with only 14 staff based in Honiara and there are no provincially-based staff. ECD is managing a pool of five to six individual qualified environmental consultants who are capable of preparing EIA reports for investment projects. Therefore, during the preparation phase of CRISP, mobilisation of a qualified environmental consultant to oversee the project’s environmental issues to ensure compliance to applicable environmental legislations would be necessary.

Institutional arrangements identified for DRM in SI covers four main levels including international/regional, national, provincial and community as shown:

Figure 1 – SI Disaster Risk Management Institutional Framework

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Source: Natural Disaster Risk Management Plan, 2010

3. Project Description

3.1 Proposed Investments

The project development objective (PDO) is to “increase the capacity of selected communities to manage the impacts of natural hazards and climate change”. The project would achieve this objective by strengthening government capacity in disaster and climate risk management, and implementing disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation

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investments in selected communities in up to four Provinces including Guadalcanal and Temotu.

The specific details of sub-projects will be determined during the CRISP project implementation. Sub-projects will need to meet a number of eligibility criteria. Community-led investments must be of a scale and level of complexity that can be addressed through community labour, and will require a community contribution in cash or kind as per the RDP. Under CRISP, sub-projects must have a risk reduction purpose, either to improve resilience to natural hazards or adapt to climate change effects. Some sub-projects may be fully funded by CRISP, but it is also envisaged that CRISP may provide the incremental funding to address the risk reduction component of a sub-project identified under the RDP (or the PCDF in the case of PG-led investments) which have a more general development purpose.

A schedule of representative rural investment sub-projects is listed in Table 2

Table 2 – Representative investment sub-projects

Works Threshold ScaleCommunity [emergency evacuation] buildings or shelters (may be multi-purpose) > 400 sq. M

Improved water supply and storage systems > 2,000 usersEarthquake retrofit strengthening of building frames and foundations > 1,000 sq. M

Cyclone strengthening of buildings frames and foundations > 1,000 sq. MFoundation raising for flood alleviation and mitigation of tsunami effects > 3 m lift

Climate proofed small bridges and piers > 20 mFlood alleviation drainage > 100 mShoreline protection systems > 50 mRoad realignment as a risk reduction option > 250 mSanitation facilities > 200 usersEnergy generation (other than hydro) > 10 kWNew irrigation schemes, or improved irrigation systems AllIntegrated watershed and land management schemes to minimize degradation of watersheds All

Infrastructure (not listed above) likely to cause changes in water use and/or water availability All

Mini-hydro generators AllDevelopment of village/community disaster preparedness, evacuation and recovery plans for landslides, earthquake, tsunami and volcanic hazards

None

3.2 General Project Implementation Arrangements

Two classes of rural investment sub-projects are proposed under CRISP, namely:

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Community-led rural investments in which each built facility is implemented, operated and maintained by a particular village/community; and

Provincial Government (PG)-led rural investments for larger scale or more complex sub-projects for which the beneficiaries span several communities or wards, and each facility is implemented, operated and maintained by the PG.

Community-led rural investments will be undertaken using the RDP model but with some improvements, as explained in Table 3.

Table 3– Operational arrangements for community-led rural investments under CRISP

Levels/structures

Project identification,

selection, approval

Grant processing, implementation, financial controls

Monitoring, operation and maintenance

National – MECDM and PMU

Community Helpers (CHs) carry out initial awareness and assist communities to identify potential projects

The sub-project implementation committees (SICs) prepare technical designs which are reviewed and approved by the PSUs and the PMU. A Financing Agreement is signed between each SIC and MECDM

Sub-projects are entered into an Excel database in MECDM

Provincial – Provincial Assembly (PA) and Provincial Allocation Review Committee (PARC). PARCs are ad hoc bodies set up under the Project; each PARC is constituted by PA Members (MPAs), a WDC representative, and is chaired by the Provincial Secretary (PS)

The PARC assesses the proposals and recommends them to the PA for final endorsement. PS is the Authorising Officer for the CRISP (and the RDP) and is a signatory to the account for PMU funds in the province

CRISP uses the Provincial Support Units (PSU) in the provinces. CRISP provides financial training for SIC members and assists them in opening bank accounts. Signatories: 2 SIC members, 2 CRISP/RDP staff: any 2 SIC members and any 1 CRISP/ RDP staff to sign

PSUs assist in auditing sub-projects. Community Helpers monitor and report on activities to PSU after every visit to the community. PSU/PMU conduct environmental, technical & financial audits

Provincial Sector X CRISP’s engineers will assist with designs of engineering works and provide technical assistance during implementation

X

Ward Development Committee (WDC), provincial government bodies. WDC membership comprises ward community reps including the MPA, traditional leader, women and youth reps

The WDC ranks the sub-projects each year, and submits the ranked sub-projects to the PARC

X X

Village/Community – Community SICs procure as specified in SICs implement

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Levels/structures


selection, approval



sub-project implementation committee (SIC). Each SIC comprises a Chair, Vice-chair, Treasurer, Secretary and other members

Helpers conduct awareness campaigns; the community chooses proposed sub-project. The sub-project is submitted to the WDC

the CRISP Pilot Operations Manual (PLOM). Three (3) quotes required. SIC make payments to suppliers by cheque from the SIC account. SICs prepares operational and maintenance plans

sub-project and reports on progress. SICs and CHs submit final reports. SICs are responsible for operation and maintenance of sub-projects

It is proposed that the Provincial Government (PG)-led rural investments will be undertaken using the Provincial Government Capacity Development Fund (PCDF) model, a financing mechanism used under the Provincial Government Strengthening Programme (PGSP). This is described in Table 4 as it is proposed will apply under the CRISP (which will provide technical inputs, and have its own fiduciary, social and environmental controls).

Table 4 - Operational arrangements for Provincial Government (PG)-led rural investments under CRISP

Levels/ structures


selection, approval



National – Ministry of Provincial Government and Institutional Strengthening (MPGIS)

MPGIS issues public expenditure management guidelines for all provinces. Planning is done on an annual cycle

MPGIS prepares annual PCDF allocations with MOFT (for SIG contribution) after Minimum Conditions (MC) assessments and approved by JOC. Sub-projects with a risk focus provided to MECDM/PCC for consideration. Not all sub-projects completed in one year. Audit done by the Office of the Attorney General (OAG) annually. MCs are based functions assigned in the Financial Ordinance.

Some monitoring done by MPGIS. CRISP funded sub-projects monitored by MECDM

Provincial Government (PG)

Prepare a 3 year rolling development plan and annual work-plan, budget and revenue forecast prepared by the Technical Planning and Budgeting Unit, endorsed by executive

External assessment of minimum conditions of access to the PCDF/CRISP annually. Design and technical preparation of projects done by PG works dept. with support from CRISP engineers.

Supervision by CRISP engineers and safeguards specialist along with PG sector specialists (if available). Operations and

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Levels/ structures


selection, approval



and approved by assembly. Plans and budgets are sent to MPGIS, MDPAC and MECDM for information.

Tendering process and contracts awarded. Works implemented.

maintenance costs agreed.

Provincial Sector Sectors engaged through the technical planning and budgeting unit; but sector own plans not necessarily integrated into provincial plan.

CRISP’s engineers will assist with designs. Ministry of Infrastructure (MIS) engineers may also sometimes assist

Ward Development Committee (WDC)

Activated and role expanded in new PGSP document of Aug. 2012 – Policy Framework on Participatory Planning.

Village/Community

Activated and role expanded in new PGSP document of Aug. 2012 – Policy Framework on Participatory Planning with village representatives on WDCs.

Community monitoring group trained. Report to PG Works Officer

4. Socio-Environmental Baseline Conditions in Project Area

4.1 Physical environment

This baseline of existing conditions has been compiled based on available documents issued by relevant SI ministries or produced by on-going WB financed projects such as the RDP and REP, discussions with officers from line ministries and on-going projects, with local community and other stakeholders during visits to RDP project sites, observations in the field, and available information on websites and local newspapers.

4.1.1 Geographical Location

The Solomon Islands (SI) is an archipelago of about 990 islands located 1900 km northeast of Australia. The country stretches along 1,450 km between Papua New Guinea to Vanuatu. SI has 4,023 kilometres of coastline and comprises of nine provinces namely Guadalcanal, Central, Western, Isabel, Malaita, Makira - Ulawa, Temotu, Choiseul, Renbel. The capital is Honiara located on Guadalcanal. The location of Solomon Island is shown in Figure 2.

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(Source: Solomon Islands State of Environment 2008)Figure 2 - Location of Project Area

4.1.2 Topography and Geology

Solomon Islands, excluding the Santa Cruz group, are divided into three geological provinces including a Pacific Province, a Central Province and a Volcanic Province1. Most of the islands are comprised of a complex collage of crustal units of terrains formed and accreted within an intra-oceanic environment since Cretaceous times. The terrain ranges from mountainous islands to low-lying coral atolls.

The main islands of Choiseul, New Georgia, Santa Isabel, Guadalcanal, Malaita, and Makira have mountain ranges of mainly volcanic origin, deep narrow valleys, and coastal belts lined with coastal forest and fringed by reefs. The smaller islands are atolls or raised coral reefs. The lower regions are usually more stable than the upper regions with outcrops of volcanic rocks. Soil quality ranges from extremely rich volcanic to relatively infertile limestone.

1 Ministry of Environment, Conservation and MetSOrology, 2008. Solomon Islands State of the Environment Report.

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Solomon Islands are located on the conjunction of tectonic plates, the region is highly geologically active and there is regular seismic activity including earthquakes and uplifting of land and reef areas. Most recently, large tsunamis occurred in April in 2007 and February 2013. Both events caused losses to human lives and property.

4.1.3 Climate

The islands' ocean-equatorial climate is extremely humid throughout the year with a mean temperature of 27° C (80° F).

Solomon Islands are affected by the seasonal movement of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and the Inter-tropical Zone which are the bands of cloud systems that normally bring heavy rain over the islands during their occurrence. Annual rainfall is about 305 centimetres.

One of the phenomena that affect the climate in Solomon Islands is El Nino which is known to have distinct oceanographic, temperature, rainfall and cyclonic conditions. Extreme weather events were observed in the country, such as a serious drought and a category 5 cyclone that hit Tikopia Island, in 2004 and are thought to be linked to an El Nino event.

4.1.4 Land Resource and Soil

Soil fertility varies widely between and within the islands, ranging from quite infertile and mildly toxic soils to highly fertile soils. Most upland soils have good structures, but either lack one or more major nutrients or have a strong nutrient imbalance. Potassium deficiency is commonly associated with calcareous and limestone parent material, while phosphorus deficiency is common over volcanic rocks.

Table 5 – Land forms of the Solomon Islands

Island Land area Landforms Soil type

Guadalcanal 5,320 km2 Ridge volcanic mountains, karsts, moderately, narrow and lightly dissected ridges, low terraces, flood plains and fluvial fans.

Mixture of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, humus-rich, base-poor, shallow loams and clays at high altitudes and young loams, clays and peats in valleys and coastal plains

Malaita 4,200 km2 Volcanic cones, steep, dissected narrow ridges, fluvial plains, karsts, valleys, swamps and coastal landforms

Strongly weathered and leached soils with low base status to slightly and moderately weathered leached soils, organic with decomposed peat.

Santa Isabel (Bugotu)

4,121 km2 Low amplitude rounded hills and ridges with steep sides and crests, small areas

Moderately to strongly weathered and leached soils with low base status,

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Island Land area Landforms Soil type

of karsts and some cuestas organic with well decomposed peat

Makira 3,090 km2 High to irregular rounded ridges, rolling hills, fluvial plains, fans and beaches

Moderately to strongly weathered and leached soils with low base status, slightly weathered with little horizon development and organic with well decomposed peat

Choiseul 3,837 km2 Hills and mountains with steep sided ridges and stable to unstable slopes and stable narrow crests, some being former volcanic centres

Slightly to strongly weathered leached soils with little horizon development to leached with low base status

New Georgia 2,145 km2 Volcanic centres, out wash fans, ridge plateaux, karsts, fluvial plains and swamps and extensive reef lagoon complexes

Organic, young and slightly to strongly weathered and leached soils with low base status

Source: SI State of Environment, 2008 4.1.5 Aggregate mining

Aggregate mining in the country occurs in the urban centres, mostly around Honiara. There are some small-scale mines operating in Gizo in the Western Province. Sand and gravel supply for areas near Honiara is from the Lungga River. Sand and aggregate extraction is also taking place at Tetere Beach and Ranadi Beach, respectively.

4.1.6 Water Resource and Usage

Water resources in Solomon Islands are highly vulnerable in terms of small size and exposure to climatic instability. Natural hazards and drought, pollution, saline intrusion, sea level rise and impacts of deforestation are major threats to water sources.

Most villages use water from streams and rivers for drinking and other domestic uses. Underground water from springs and wells or rainwater from catchment is used where there is no access to surface water. With assistance from donors, piped water use has been increasing recently.

There is substantial potential for hydropower from water resources on at least seven islands but little effort has been made to evaluate the resource. The first hydro scheme developed in Solomons was a micro hydro (Pelton turbine) plant installed in 1976 at Atoifi on Malaita with a rated capacity of 75 kW. Two other hydro schemes were installed on the Malu’u River on

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Malaita and in Buala on SantaIsabel. Power was supplied to the hospital, health centre, a store, a school, retail stores, a fish storage and number of residential houses. Hydro schemes with a total capacity of approx. 0.5 MW were also under consideration at Huro River on Makira, Sorave River on Choiseul and Rori River on Malaita.

An Australian organization, APACE (Appropriate Technology for the Community and Environment) has involved in developing micro-hydro systems in the Solomon Islands for over twenty years. APACE established the Village First Electrification Programme (VFEP) to coordinate micro-hydropower development in the country.

4.2 Biological Environment

4.2.1 Terrestrial environment

SI has a total forested land area of 2,805,200 ha including non-commercial forest and cleared areas, unlogged commercial natural forest, logged over commercial natural forests and plantations. Solomon Islands have a diverse biological environment with about 4500 plant species and are a hotspot of bird diversity. The major types of vegetation cover in SI are:

(a) Coastal strand vegetation, found on land subject to inter-tidal flooding. This vegetation is primarily mangroves, accounts for about 2.3% of SI total land area and is mostly found in Isabel, New Georgia, Malaita, Marovo Lagoon, Makira and East Guadalcanal;

(b) Freshwater swamp/riverine forest represented by herbaceous species, palms, pandanus and other wetland species (sago, rosewood). Such areas are sensitive to soil compaction from logging;

(c) Low land forest, is the most common type of forest in the country and forms the majority of commercial forest in Solomon Islands;

(d) Montane (cloud forest) occurs at high altitude with little commercial exploitation; and (e) Seasonal dry forest and grassland cover one to two percent of SI total land area.

4.2.2 Marine resources

Coastal areas in SI are characterized by highly variable patchy ecosystems that include estuaries, lagoons, beaches, mangroves, coral reef areas, sea grass beds, and algal beds. There are sections of highly urbanized or populated residential areas along the coast.

The dominant coastal ecosystems are narrow fringing coral reefs that are intermittently distributed, landward of which are developed back-reef and sea-grass areas to the west and east of the REP area. Small patches of sandy lagoon habitats occur where the reef interacts with outflow from streams and small coastal lagoons have formed at the mouth of many of the rivers.

The marine flora is dominated by sea-grasses in a narrow band close to shore, and by algae further seaward. Algal communities located further offshore within the back-reef area are

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dominated by coralline encrusting algae, Halimeda discoidea and Halimeda sp., Padina, and blue-green algal turf.

Fish fauna is characterized by 24 common species of reef-associated fishes in nine families. Most individuals are small and flighty; suggesting that fishing pressure on these species of reef fish is significant.

4.2.3 Rare/Endangered Species and Protected Areas

Currently Solomon Islands have two formally protected areas namely the 1,093 ha Queen Elizabeth Park, in Guadalcanal which is largely degraded and the 37,000 ha East Rennell World Heritage site surrounding Lake Tengano. There are also conservation areas without formal protection status includes Tetepare Conservation Area, Makira Conservation Area, Simbo Conservation Area, Komarindi Catchments Area and Arnavon Conservation Area.

There are 25 threatened tree species including ebony, rosewood, rattan and some palm species.

No endemic or endangered species were observed during field investigations during the preparation of the CRISP. The CRISP investments aim to increase the resilience of communities to natural hazards and the impacts of climate change, thus project sites will not be within any protected areas. During implementation phase, project sites will be screened to ensure that no protected areas will be affected by the project.

4.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

4.3.1 Population and social organization

The population of Solomon Islands is estimated to be between 523,000 and 552,300 (2011) people who are predominantly indigenous to the islands. Melanesians are the dominant group (95%); the rest of the population is Polynesian and Micronesian. While sharing indigenous status, these people have highly diverse and layered origin. There is also small group of Chinese and people of European origins in the population. The annual growth rate of the SI population is 2.8%.

Most of the population (85 percent) lives in villages. Only those with paid employment are found in the urban centres and provincial headquarters of Honiara (the capital), Auki, Gizo, Buala, Kira Kira, and Lata.

Approximately 70 distinct languages are spoken by the Melanesians and Polynesians in Solomon Islands. A variant of English called Pijin English is also used in the country. In church services, English is spoken although it is usually interspersed with Pijin English and the native languages. Although Pijin English is not compulsory at school it is a means to cement relationships in Solomon Islands as a country with multiple languages.

Traditionally, Solomon Islands do not have caste or class divisions. Instead, the country has different tribal groups on different islands. They move along island lines or inter-island groups according to various affiliations including marriages, church membership and general friendship. Today, those who are employed in the formal sector form a sort of elite class, in

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contrast to those who are not formally employed either in the private or public sector. Recently, a business class has formed.

People become leaders when they gain influence by the manipulation of their abilities around followers and resources. Today, most leaders are elected through either consensus or popular ballot.

Church and the government are where Solomon Islanders communicate the most. 90% of the population is Christian and Pidgin English is used in church services. The government has a Governor General, a Prime Minister, a speaker of the House of Parliament, and a Chief Justice. There is no standing army or navy. The Police Field Force was established in the 1990’s.

For a long time Solomon Islands have been free from large-scale social problems, until the ethnic tension in 2000 which crippled delivery of government services throughout the country. The rural areas were quite free of conflicts other than some land dispute cases and community arguments that emerged among villagers.

Except for the churches, international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) arrived in the Solomon Islands in a big way only in the 1980’s. There are the usual ones, which include the Red Cross, Rotary Club, Save the Children, World Vision, Oxfam and Catholic Relief.

4.3.2 Housing

Houses in urban areas usually follow Western style with three bedrooms on average. They are built mostly of cement and timber, with iron roofs. A kitchen and other amenities are often included. However the practice of having in-house toilets infracts the tradition, as still practiced in rural areas, where men and women use different outside areas resulting in poor sanitation.

In rural areas, large villages are often situated on tribal land. Villages comprise individual families placing their homes next to other relatives. Most rural dwellings are made of sago-palm thatching, raised on stilts and with windows.

There is usually a village square for the children to play and for village meetings. In certain areas of Malaita some homes are made on artificial islands built over shallow shoals in a lagoon by gathering rocks piled together.

4.3.3 Land Use and Land Ownership

The total land area is approximately 29,900 sq. km within an exclusive economic zone area of 1.6 million sq. km. Traditional land and resource management in Solomon Islands is community based, some 87 per cent of land is under customary resource tenure and all natural resources i.e. forests, minerals, reefs, and islets belong to customary land owners2. The remaining land is considered "alienated" and is subject to registration under the Land and Titles Act.

2 Exemptions being the lands of the federal capital area (Honiara) and provincial headquarters

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4.3.4 Economy

Solomon Islands have a dual economy; the formal cash economy and the subsistence economy. 85% of the population is dependent on subsistence agriculture, fishery, forestry and small-scale income generating activities. The economy heavily relies on natural resources extraction for export and domestic uses.

Agriculture supplies the main commodities. Most of the people in rural areas depend on subsistence agriculture for sustenance. Therefore, agriculture and fishing are the main economic activities which provide food and incomes from trading in markets.

Soltuna Limited, which produces canned tuna, Guadalcanal Plains Palm Oil Ltd (GPOL), Solomon Islands Breweries Limited, Solomon Islands Tobacco Company and Gold Ridge Mine are the major industrial enterprises in Solomon Islands. Small industries mostly produce goods for domestic market, such as food processing, tobacco, corrugated roofing sheets, fibro canoes and tanks, timber, and buttons. In the service sector, some hotels commenced operations during the last decade of the 20th century to promote tourism.

The export of palm oil and kernels, dried coconut, cocoa, fish and timber are the main sectors forming the country’s trade.

4.3.5 Jobs and incomes

A high percentage of the population in SI are engaged in non-monetary work in villages, including subsistence farming. Available data to the year 1996 indicates that a smaller part of the population is employed in the public service, financial services trades, agriculture, fishery and forestry, manufacturing and construction sectors.

Traditionally yams, panas and taros are the main staples in the Solomon Islands. These are usually consumed with local cabbage, fish, shellfish and other edible marine life. Recently, dietary habits have changed with rice, tinned fish and instant noodles becoming more popular.

4.3.6 Water supply

Many households in the country still do not have access to piped water supply; drinking water is obtained directly from streams and rivers by the women and children.

4.4 The challenges to the environment

The key challenges to the environment in Solomon Islands are summarised below:

Population pressure: with annual growth rate at 2.8%, population increase has put additional pressure on the subsistence economy. Intensive cultivation to meet increased food demand leads to reduced soil fertility and affects sustainability of the cultivation system, particularly in hilly areas.

Logging: Among the country’s total 2 million ha of forests, total harvestable forest area is about 598,000 ha and 288,200 ha has already been logged. There is an estimation that commercial forest exhaustion will occur by the end of 2015.

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Commercial plantation: Exports of palm oils, palm kernels, copra and cocoa are key contributors to GDP. Conversion of large tracts of land, mostly fertile coastal land into commercial plantations is a significant threat to biodiversity; adds pressure on land resources by displacing domestic food gardens and if not managed properly will pollute river systems and coastal marine ecosystem due to excess runoff and siltation during heavy rains.

Pollution of water sources: agricultural and logging activities promote erosion and siltation in stream and rivers.

Climate change poses the risks to natural ecosystems, fisheries, agriculture, water resources, biodiversity, human health, infrastructure and industries.

5. Project’s Social and Environmental Potential Impacts and Risks

To identify the project’s potential socio-environmental impacts during construction and operation phases, the types of construction and operational activities need to be identified.

The types of structures that CRISP may provide, as shown in Table 2, include: Community buildings or shelters, Improved water supply and storage systems, Strengthening of building frames and foundations and/or raising foundations, Construction of climate proofed small bridges and piers, Drainage Shoreline protection systems Road realignment for risk reduction Sanitation facilities New irrigation schemes or improved irrigation systems Energy generation (other than hydro, such as mini solar energy schemes), Integrated watershed and land management schemes to minimize degradation of

watersheds Other infrastructure likely to cause changes in water use and/or water availability,

mini-hydro generators etc.

Activities that are likely to take place during construction phase of such structures would be:

Mobilisation of contractors to the site Site clearance - vegetation, trees, structures, objects, top soil removal Relocation of existing objects, structures at the site Create/upgrade access path to the site Build contractors office/camp Loading, transport and unloading of construction materials at the site such as sand,

gravel, timbers, soil, paints, glass, tiles, pipes, cement, concrete, machines, etc. Some

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subprojects may store oil and lubricants Excavation and or refill for foundation construction, pipe trenching, tank construction

etc. General construction such as concrete mixing, concrete pouring, metal cutting and

welding, timber/glass cutting, pipe installation, general building, drilling wells, painting,

Construction of coffer dams Pile casting, testing and driving Waste dumping Water conveying/pumping Rainwater and wastewater discharge Tool washing and maintenance

5.1 Positive Impacts

As the above mentioned investments aim at helping local communities to become more resilient to natural hazards, the overall project impacts will be positive. With frames or foundations being strengthened, buildings will be better able to withstand extreme events, minimising possible calamity caused by natural hazards such as storm, high tides or tsunami. Improved basic infrastructure such as drainage, water supply and sanitation will help to minimise water-related disease risks, particularly during flood events. Improved access to irrigation and better management of watersheds contributes to improved food and water security for local people. Improved power supply, access roads etc. will help communities to be better connected and more accessible following disasters. Coordination and cooperation between stake holders during project implementation will help to strengthen internal and external social linkages so that communities can be better supported in difficult circumstances.

5.2 Potential Negative Impacts and Risks

Construction and operations of the proposed works will have some potential negative socio-environmental impacts as discussed in Table 6.

Depending on site-specific conditions and types of works, potential negative impacts and risks of sub-project can be identified quite easily. If not, an Environmental Assessment/Environmental Management Plan (EA/EMP) may be necessary.

With community-led sub-projects, the scope of works should be small and simple thus potential socio-environmental impacts are known, should be low, temporary and reversible. Common impacts could be dust and noise, some localised hygienic issues, removal of local vegetation, waste generation etc. These potential impacts can be mitigated easily with a limited number of standard measures to be applied during construction phase and introduced in this ESMF (in Annex 3) as Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP).

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With PG-led investments, the potential impacts and risks that should also be considered could be waste and wastewater generation, loss of vegetation cover, tree cutting, increased erosion risk, localised flooding risks, disturbance to wildlife and community’s daily activities, deteriorating water quality in streams/rivers, interruption to existing water use activities, health and safety risks for people on sites during construction phase etc. It is likely that for most sub-projects, preparation of a sub-project EMP in the form of an ECOP and sub-project mitigation measures, as described after Table 6, would be adequate.

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Table 6 – Potential negative impacts of the works under CRISP

Potential Impacts/ Risks Description of the issues/risks Typical activities that cause the potential impacts/risks

Key factors determining the likelihood and level of impacts

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

1. Damages or loss of vegetation cover and trees

Vegetation cover and/or trees at the construction site or any other location to be used by the Project may be removed or disturbed during construction phase. This impact can be avoided, minimised or mitigated.

Site clearance for construction site, camps,

Construction material exploitation and/or storage

Total land area to be cleared The number of (high) trees be

removed Importance of the

tree/vegetation cover to wildlife, local landscape and/or local community

2. Loss or degradation of valuable natural/ ecological resources and natural habitats

Coral should be protected, not extracted as this is a valuable marine resource. It grows very slowly and it takes a long time to recover from damage. Coral reefs protect the shoreline from wave actions and storms, they are a habitat for a great variety of fish and marine life, and are breeding grounds for fish and shellfish.

If sand, gravel and stones from river beds are extracted, flowing pattern of rivers may be seriously affected. The river may scour around bridge piers and abutments and endanger their stability. The river may erode other sections of the river beds and banks and thereby cause serious problems elsewhere

Illegal timber may be logged without a licence, in protected areas, or logged in an unsustainable manner. Such practices lead to permanent loss of forest

If timber is sourced from trees of high

Site clearance Construction Extraction of natural

resources for construction materials at important sites particularly corals (dead or alive) from sea, trees from protected area, gravel from river beds etc.

Ecological role/value of the site

Importance of the site to local community

Stability and/or vulnerability/ capacity to recover, of the disturbed ecosystems

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economic value to the local community, household income or food security of families may be at risk.

Protected areas, wetlands, rivers and waterways, mangrove areas, swamps, bird sanctuaries and sea grass beds are important to biodiversity and are valuable landscapes (i.e. can provide ecosystem services and have scenic value).

Some sites may be very important to local communities in cultural/religious/ historical/archaeological aspects. If construction takes place at or nearby such sensitive socio-environmental features, threats or serious/ permanent damages may be caused to such sites.

Human access to previously undisturbed areas may cause damage in terms of; plant collection/removal, hunting, fire setting, littering and damage to vegetation cover used as wildlife habitats of wildlife. Such potential impacts should be identified in the early stages of sub-project planning and be avoided during implementation of CRISP.

3. Degradation of existing landscape

These impacts may occur when vegetation cover/top soil is removed, when man-made structures are introduced into previously undisturbed natural areas, or when new structures obstruct views to existing landscapes.

Site clearance Construction of new

facilities in areas with beautiful/valuable landscape

The status and value of the existing landscape

The outer design (size, architectural design) of the proposed works

4. Solid waste generation Excavation works generate waste Excavation

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Waste is also generated from unused materials; timber/glass/metal, packaging materials and by workers; lunch containers, leftover food etc.

Construction Workers daily domestic

activities

5. Wastewater generation Wastewater generated by workers from washing and toileting.

Uncontrolled generation of wastewater may cause environmental pollution, nuisance, and health concerns to workers and the public

Excavation Use of construction

materials Workers domestic activities

at the sites

6. Chemicals, hazardous wastes generation

Used oil, paints, lubricant, batteries, and asbestos contain materials that are toxic.

Some solid waste may be cross-contaminated with oil, paints etc. that may be toxic and pose public health risks.

Site clearance Vehicle maintenance Painting

The quantity and type of waste generated will depend on the nature of the sub project.

Waste management practices can reduce/increase level of impacts

7. Dust, air pollution Exposure to high levels of dust and smoke may have health impacts affecting respiratory system, eyes etc.

Site clearance Excavation Running engine machinery Construction material

loading and unloading

Duration and intensity of works

Dust level Weather conditions Distance from source to

receptor

8. Noise and Vibration Noise disturbs hearing/listening activities and may cause stress/headaches

Vibration may cause cracks /damage to existing structures

Pile driving Soil compaction

Duration, intensity of noise and vibration

Distance from source to receptor

9. Increased erosion risks/siltation/ sedimentation

Slopes become less stable when ground surface is disturbed; water can run faster and can erode the soil on bare slopes where vegetation cover does not exist.

Site clearance Excavation activities create

unsealed/barren areas without vegetation cover

The total land area of barren soil/surface be created

Percentage of vegetation cover left at the site

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Erosion and land slide risks would be increased if a building is located on a hilly slope or if construction activities disturb slopes.

The eroded top soil ends up down slope then is washed down further by rain water causing highly turbid water and river bed/stream siltation/sedimentation

during and after construction

Construction works carried out on steep and/or weak slopes

Steepness of slope Soil strength of slope Rainfall, particularly its

frequency and intensity in the area

10. Water quality degradation, salinity intrusion risks

Waste, wastewater and construction materials from construction may be leaked, or disposed of, into water sources near construction sites or downstream of construction sites.

Water quality in streams and rivers may also be degraded if soil from slopes in the catchment run into water bodies due to erosion/landslide initiated by earthworks at the sites.

Careless water use activities by workers, for example washing working tools directly at water sources.

Oil, fuel or any other liquid substance used during construction, including on-site machinery maintenance, may be leaked or spilled into the soil. Then rainwater may wash such contaminants to nearby water bodies.

Construction of bridges, piers on streams, river beds

Construction waste and waste water discharge

Tools and machinery washing and maintenance

The distance from construction site to the nearest water bodies

Construction practices related to environmental performance of the contractor

Rainfall during construction phase

When freshwater is extracted from a drilled well near a shoreline, localised water level drawdown will occur. If salt-fresh water interference occurs near the

Groundwater extraction during construction phase

Distance between the well and salt/fresh water interference

The intensity of groundwater extraction

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well, or if groundwater is over withdrawn, saline water may be mobilised into the well.

Storage and recharge capacity of the aquifer

11. Increased localised flooding risk

The area surrounding the site disturbed by construction activities may be subjected to increased flooding risk if large loads of solid construction materials/waste are created in low-lying areas where drainage is poor.

Construction solid materials and waste loading, dumping

Local topography The quantity of the materials

and the size of the loads Existing drainage Proximity between the

construction site and the area subjected to the impacts

12. Impacts on cultural sites such as church, historical site, grave yard, etc.

Cultural sites may be affected with dust, noise from material and waste loading/disposals

Some artefacts may be exposed or damaged during execution of earthworks at the sites

Dust and noise generated activities

Loading/unloading construction materials and wastes

Level of disturbance on the ground

Proximity to the site

13. Social disturbance to local community:- traffic/ transportation- water supply- irrigation- farming- community meetings events/ etc.

If the works are carried out on or near existing roads, construction activities may disturb or disrupt traffic on those roads and pose a danger to pedestrians.

Excavation may also cause loss to vegetation cover or disturbance to the ground

Excavation works may disrupt the operations thus the services provided by local existing facilities such as water supply, drainage, power supply etc. if the pipes/lines cross excavated areas

Stockpiles formed from excavated materials

If construction activities takes place near farming area, access to farm land may be

Site clearance Excavation Machinery operation Temporary blockage of

rivers/streams/ existing irrigation canal by construction activities

Temporary blocking of roads for connecting a side road to the new road

Type of works The duration and frequency of

temporary blocks or other construction activities

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interrupted; materials, waste, and wastewater from construction sites may enter farms causing productivity reduction and social conflicts

If a construction site is located near a community centre or church, material loads or noise from material cutting, drilling, welding, may block access to community centres or disturb hearing public meetings.

14. Health/ sanitation /hygiene in local community

Stagnant water formed from disturbed areas at construction sites increases opportunities for mosquito breeding, which in turn increases incidence of vector-borne diseases. Incidence of water-borne diseases can also be increased.

Waste generated from workers staying at the site may attract vermin and insects

Wastewater generation may cause nuisance and risks to human health.

Excavation creates holes or low laying spots

The size of construction sites The level of ground

disturbance Drainage conditions at the site The number of workers living

at the site

15. Safety risks to community Construction-related activities may cause safety risks for the local community, particularly children, if they have access to open holes or are present at the site during material transports/loading/unloading.

Transportation of materials/wastes

Materials loading/unloading Excavated holes Machinery operations

Proximity of community residents to the site

The quantity of materials used/ waste generated

Community awareness of risks related to construction sites

16. Workers health and safety Some toxic materials such as paint, oil, and batteries may be used during construction. Some construction materials may contain asbestos.

If workers are in contact with such

General construction activities, operations of tools and plants

In contact with hazardous substances such as paints

Type of the works carried out Type of substances workers

will be in contact with

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materials without proper protection, health hazards may result from improper handling and inhalation.

Unprotected holes at the sites, exposure to traffic at road side, improperly installed electrical wires, operating and handling of construction plants, machinery and tools may cause safety risks to workers

etc.

OPERATION PHASE -1. Water/soil pollution Leakage or discharge of waste and

wastewater generated from the facilities provided

Effluents from septic tanks can pollute groundwater or surface water, particularly if piped to an open drain

Partly treated effluents from septic tanks can easily pollute the groundwater in the dug well, even after many years

Polluted surface water from around the septic tank may percolate into the groundwater

Water use activities taking place at buildings/shelters

Sanitation facility

Size of sanitation facilities Volume of the effluent

discharged Distance from discharge point

to receptor

2. Visual impacts If the facility stands out in a public area and degrades the surrounding landscape value

Sanitation/drainage facilities

3. Nuisance, odour,unhygienic conditions, public health risks

Septic tank effluent is smelly thus may cause nuisance to the public when being felt/seen

Septic tank effluent is only partially treated thus can spread infection and disease that pose health risks.

Lack of proper drainage around public taps

Sanitation/ drainage facilities

Water supply

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creates a muddy mess around the site which may lead to unhygienic conditions developing. Standing water creates mosquito breeding grounds and causes inconvenience for water users.

Open or missing faucets can spill a lot of water in a day. Valuable water that other users may need is wasted.

4. Conflict with downstream water demands

When water release from upstream is regulated/restricted in accordance with the operational schedule of a mini hydropower scheme, a water supply or irrigation scheme, less water is available for use by down-stream communities. This will particularly affect people who do not benefit from the sub projects and may lead to social conflicts.

Hydro-power Irrigation Water supply

Generally, most of these potential impacts are at small to medium scale, localised and manageable through site selection process, consultation, consideration of options, engineering solutions, or good construction practices as described in the section below.

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5.3 Avoid Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The mitigation measures will be proposed for each sub-project at preparation stage to avoid potential negative impacts where possible, minimize or reduce them. The mitigation measures will be implemented at site selection, sub-project preparation, engineering design and construction stages as listed below.

5.3.1 Avoid impacts

The potential impacts listed in Table 6 indicated that, depending on the socio-physical and ecological characteristics of project locations, some sub-projects may cause adverse socio-environmental impacts. CRISP will seek to avoid sub-projects or locations with adverse socio-environmental impacts, such as:

- Physical displacement of people, or severe impacts on livelihood assets- Involvement in political activities- Involvement in religious activities- Location in socio-environmentally sensitive sites such as privately-own land,

protected areas, conservation areas, ecologically important areas, areas subjected to high land side risks

- Construction/operation activities requiring removal of valuable trees, cultural structures, disturbance to ecologically important areas such as mangroves, sea grass beds, wetlands, coral reef etc.

- Subprojects using toxic chemicals specified in SI Environmental Act

A more comprehensive list of socio-environmental criteria for exclusion of sub-projects having substantial potential adverse impacts/risks is included in Form 1 of this ESMF.

5.3.2 Measures for mitigating potential socio-environmental impacts during construction and operation phases – ECOP

With the socio-environmental potential impacts and risks discussed in Section 5.2, the measures are developed in the form of Socio-Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP) to address these impacts and risks.

While some measures can be applied to any sub-project under CRISP, others are only applicable to selected types of sub-projects. In some cases, additional mitigation measures may need to be proposed to address sub-project specific issues and risks.

See Annex 3 for more details.

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6. Environmental & Social Management Framework

6.1 Five-steps of Socio-Environmental Management in CRISP

The procedures for environmental management under CRISP will be based on the tasks set out in each of the following four steps listed in Table 7 below:

Table 7 – CRISP Social and Environmental Safeguard Implementation Procedures

Step Task Purpose Stage to implement the task

1 Screening for eligibility of sub-project based on social and environmental criteria.

To avoid financing sub-projects having potential substantial adverse impacts.

This step will be carried out during sub-project identification/short listing

2 Screening for potential socio-environmental impacts of eligible sub-projects

To identify potential impacts Sub-project identification

3 Community-led subprojects: Select ECOP

To select the mitigation measures from ECOP to be implemented in sub-project

Sub-project preparation

For PG-led subprojects, prepare Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) for eligible sub-projects

To prepare EMP with selected ECOP and additional measures to be applied in engineering design, construction and operation phases to avoid or mitigate the potential impacts and risks identified in step 2


4 Implement ECOP, monitoring and reporting

To avoid or mitigate the potential impacts identified in step 2.To observe environmental conditions and take corrective actions if/when the mitigation measures are ineffective or if there are unforeseen/arising socio-environmental problems

Engineering designconstructionoperation phases

Detailed guidance for implementing the tasks listed above is given in the sub-sections below.

6.1.1 Step 1: Socio-Environmental Eligibility Criteria and Screening

CRISP will only finance socio-environmentally eligible subprojects. A subproject is ineligible to be financed under CRISP if it has potential to cause significant adverse socio-environmental impacts. Sub-project applications must demonstrate broad community support.

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A set of socio-environmental criteria has been developed to assist project proponents to identify eligibility of a sub-project.

All proposed sub-projects will be screened based on the criteria listed in Form 1 below. For community-led sub-projects, Form 1 will be filled in by the community during a meeting facilitated by the Community Helper (CH). The CRISP Safeguards Officer will verify the completed form submitted by CHs. For PG-led investments, Form 1 will be filled in by the Project Engineer, and verified by the Safeguards Officer.

Form 1 – Socio-environmental ELIGIBILITY Screening Questions

Subproject Name:

Province/Village

Brief description on sub-project proposal

Screening is carried out by: Position: Community Helper / Engineer

Date: Verify/Approved by:Screening Questions Yes No Comments*Will the sub-project?

1. Involve political activities?2. Involve religious activities?3. LOCATED at any site with features listed below:

3.1 Land that requires significant involuntary land acquisition or has a severe impact on livelihood assets3.2 Legally protected areas such as conservation areas, wildlife management areas or National Parks3.3 Land that is highly vulnerable to landslide and/or erosion such as on a steep slope or in the running path of rainwater

4 SITE CLEARANCE activities require removal of4.1 Trees in protected areas or exclusion areas as defined by the Environmental Act 1998* (see explanation at the end of the form)4.2 Individual household food trees?4.3 Rare trees?4.4 Sacred trees?4.5 Trees that are spiritually important to community?4.6 Antique structures or known archaeological sites?

5. CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES lead to any of the following5.1 Extraction of materials from lake/ river /stream beds for construction, or filling up these water bodies5.2 Disturbance to bird sanctuaries5.3 Extraction of materials from coral reefs (alive/dead coral) for construction5.4 Use toxic chemicals prescribed in SI Environmental Act 1998?

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5.5 Use materials with asbestos for any purpose5.6 Lead to conversion or spreading of invasive weeds

* 1) Areas identified as protected areas by the Environmental Act 1998: Declared as Conservation Areas under legislation That have ecological or scientific importance including outer reef and lagoon islands,

swamps, wetlands and mangroves which are vital to the protection of important marine resources

That exceed 400 m above sea level That landowners do not wish to log for any reason

2) Excluded area: areas that are within a concession that are excluded from logging. They must be marked prior to logging commencing. There are 5 types of excluded areas, these are:

Type of excluded area

Minimum buffer Comment

Cultural areas Tabu areas – 30mGarden areas – 30mVillages – 200 m or as decided by the community

The local community must be given the chance to decide on these buffer widths. If different from the minimum identified then the Forestry Department must be notified in writing and may check that the decision is agreed to by all parties

Ocean/Lakes/Lagoon 100m except for a log pond may be 50m

Buffer starts from edge of high water mark

Landslip area The area of the slip and the area where the soil ends up

Streams/Rivers (flows for more than 6 months of the year)

Class I (Bed more than 10m wide) – 50m each sideClass 2 (bed less than 10m wide 0 – 25m each side

Buffer starts from edge of vegetation

Gully (flows for less than 6 months of the year)

10m each side Buffer starts from edge of vegetation

An eligible sub-project should have all answers as “NO” to all of the screening questions.A subproject having at least one answer as “YES” will be ineligible for being financed under CRISP and will be excluded if it is not possible to redesign to avoid or mitigate severe impacts.

Note that an ineligible subproject may revise its proposal based on the question(s) that has/have the answer as “Yes” to have all of the answers as “NO” and become eligible for CRISP financing.

Conclusion on Eligibility of Sub-projectSub-Project is Eligible Sub-Project is not Eligible

6.1.2 Step 2: Screening Potential Socio-Environmental Impacts

If a sub-project falls into any category under Annex 1 of this ESMF – Prescribed Developments listed in Schedule 2 of the Environmental Act, which require EA reports by

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SIG, the Project will recruit an environmental consultant to carry out EA and prepare EMP for that sub-project.

For sub-projects that do not require EA (not under category listed in Annex 1 of this ESMF, or confirmed by MECDM), eligible sub-projects will be screened to identify potential socio-environmental impacts based on the questions given in Form 2 below.

Form 2 – Socio-environmental IMPACTS Screening Questions

Sub-project Name:

Province/Village

Brief description on sub-project proposal

Screening is carried out byDate:

Verify/Approved by:

Subject Screening Questions Yes

No Comment

If no mitigation measure is carried out, will the subproject …

(guidance are given below)

1. Vegetation cover, trees

1. Remove vegetation cover, log trees during site clearance and/or construction at the site, camps, construction material exploitation and/or storage?

Provide information on the total land area to be cleared and/or the number and the type of trees to be logged, discuss the values of the trees

2. natural resources/ natural habitats

2. Be located near natural forest or undisturbed/least disturbed /natural habitats or natural reserve area?

Estimate the distance from the nearest site to be disturbed by the project to the nature reserve area

3. Landscape 3. Cause significant changes to, or negatively affect the landscape of the area?

Describe the nature of change, e.g. from green site to concrete/ wooden structures, dumps created in green area, obstruct view to beautiful water front etc.

4.Solid waste 4. Generate solid waste such as excavated soil, unused materials

List the type (and quantity if possible) of solid waste potentially generated

5. Hazardous wastes

5. Generate hazardous waste such as batteries, unused paints, oil, lubricant etc.

List the type (and quantity if possible) of solid waste potentially generated

6.Wastewater

6. Generate wastewater from the site? e.g. lubricant etc.

List the types of activities (e.g. concrete mixing, tools washing etc.) that may generate waste water and quantity.

7.Dust and smoke

7. Cause increased dust level at the site, or generate smoke

Identify the sources, e.g. barren soil, disturbed ground, solid waste dumped at the sites, sand, gravel loaded at the site etc.

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No Comment

8.Noise and vibration

8. Generate high noise and vibration Identify the sources, e.g. drilling, pile driving, steel/timber cutting and the time that noise/vibration lastsDescribe the distance from the nearest house to noise sources

9. Erosion risks

9. Disturb slopes? Describe the construction site, status of vegetation cover and the level of interference by the project.Consider rainfall during construction phase

10. Water quality

10. Cause water pollution by construction waste and materials loaded at the construction site

Estimate the type and quantity of materials loaded at the site at a time, the distance from construction site to the nearest water bodies and topographical condition

11. Local flooding

11. Increase localised flooding risk by temporary/permanent loading of construction materials/wastes

Describe site topographical condition, drainage and estimate the maximum quantity of granular construction materials loaded/exist at the time at a time

12. Water quantity

a. Withdraw groundwater in coastal area that may lead to the risk of salinity intrusion

estimate the nature of water use by the project

b. Extract or use large amount of water in local river/streams may cause shortage to water supply to other users in the locality?

estimate the nature of water use by the project

13. Social disturbance

a. Disrupt local traffic/ transportation/pedestrian trafficb.Disrupt the operation of local water supply systemc. Disrupt the operation of local irrigation systemd. Disrupt the operation of local drainage systeme. Disrupt local farming activitiesf. Disrupt community meetings/social eventsg. Cause other social disturbance (specify the disturbance)

14. Safety to community

Cause safety risk to community List the activities/circumstance that may cause safety risks to local community

15. Public health

Cause concerns on public health/ sanitation /hygiene in local community

Describe the nature of the activities that may cause health risks or create unhygienic conditions in project area

16.Worker’s health and safety concerns

Cause workers health and safety concerns

17.PCR Impact cultural sites such as church, historical site, grave yard, etc.

18. Community support

Does the project enjoy broad community support?

To be demonstrated that men’s, women’s, youth and occupational groups e.g.

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No Comment

foresters, fishers, farmers have been consulted and agree (Attendance at meetings, decisions minuted and signed – see Form 4 below)

19. Sustainability

Does the community have a plan for the management and maintenance of assets after implementation?

Management Plan to accompany application for funding

OPERATION PHASE -1. Water/soil pollution

2. Water/soil pollution3. Visual impacts4. Nuisance, odour,

unhygienic condition, public health risks

5. unhygienic condition, public health risks

6. Conflict with downstream water users?Other issues Specify

6.1.3 Step 3: Select ECOP for eligible sub-projects

Based on the results of impacts screening exercised in step 2, the Community Helper will work together with the Project Safeguards Officer and the Project Engineer to build ECOP for each sub-project.

ECOPs for each eligible sub-project will include two parts: (a) common ECOP, which include all the measures applicable to all sub-projects, and (b) the measures only applicable to that sub-project type and conditions.

ECOPs for various types of sub-projects are presented in Annex 4 of this ESMF. Based on sub-project characteristics and site conditions, additional specific measures may be developed by the Project Safeguards Officer/Engineer or proposed by the community.

ECOP for each sub-project should be presented using Form 3 below

Form 3 –ECOP of subproject

(Determine using the instructions given in Annex 4)

Subproject:

Location:

Issue/Risks Codes of Practices to address the potential Issues/Risks

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Subproject:

Location:

Issue/Risks Codes of Practices to address the potential Issues/Risks

6.1.4 Step 4: Implement ECOPs

Design Phase

To address potential socio-environmental impacts during construction and/or operation phase of the project, the Project Engineer will be responsible for ensuring that mitigation measures are adequately incorporated into engineering design, bidding and contract documents where applicable.

As consultation with local communities is a continuous process, the engineer will also ensure that the community is informed and/or consulted about the mitigation measures (in ECOP form) incorporated into the detailed engineering design of the sub-project/investments.

Based on the ECOP developed for specific types of sub-projects, the Engineer/Safeguards Officer will review and modify to suit sub-project specific conditions for inclusion in the bidding document and construction contracts. Bidders will be required to commit that they will comply with ECOPs if a contract is awarded. The bid price should include the costs for implementing all mitigation measures.

Construction Phase

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The contractor (successful bidder) will be responsible for implementing all mitigation measures and monitoring activities specified in the construction contract.

Work Supervisors (WS) will be responsible for day-to-day monitoring and supervision on contractor’s environmental compliance. The WS will also determine if the mitigation measures implemented are inadequate and require the contractor to implement additional mitigation measures to ensure effective mitigation of negative impacts. If cases of non-compliance are discovered, or if unforeseen issues arise, the work supervisor will take necessary actions toward addressing the problems.

The Project Engineers/Safeguards Officer will be responsible for overseeing environmental compliance and provide advisory inputs to ensure compliance. During this phase, the Engineers will provide environmental compliance oversight in parallel with engineering supervision. The Safeguards Officer will engage in spot checks and engage in specific cases where issues arise.

The Engineers will also provide technical assistance as required to Work Supervisors who carry out day-to-day construction supervision to ensure that environmental monitoring is carried out by the WS.

Beneficiary communities are encouraged to actively take part in environmental monitoring under CRISP.

Operation Phase

In the operation phase, SI counterpart/beneficiary communities selected to implement CRISP sub-projects will be fully responsible for maintenance and implementation of mitigation measures identified in sub-projects’ EMPs to ensure the durability and environmental soundness of the works supported by CRISP. In addition, the provisions of the ESMF will be binding upon all contractors and subcontractors.

For community-led sub-projects, community’s environmental responsibilities will be bound in written agreement between the community and the PMU before construction is started. For the larger, PG-led contracts to be carried out under CRISP public liability insurance (which includes cover for loss by the contractor [e.g. theft or damage due to hazards, etc.] and third-parties [e.g. damage cause of the contractor’s works or activities]) will be required. The PMU will recommend an appropriate level of cover for this insurance and all binding agreements between communities, contractors and the PMU will be outlined in the CRISP Operations Manual.

6.2 Indigenous People Participation and Consultation Framework

As the majority of the beneficiaries and affected people of CRISP can be considered as communities of indigenous people, the requirements of the Bank Policy on Indigenous

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People (OP4.10) will be met by integrating the elements of an Indigenous People Plan into project design as described below.

COMMUNITY-LED INVESTMENTS

CRISP is designed with a community participatory approach. Institutional arrangements require community members to be informed, consulted and fully participate from planning stage through implementation of sub-projects.

Community Helpers (CHs) will be supported and trained, and recruited if additional human resources are required to supplement those available under RDP, by the Project. CHs will conduct awareness campaigns to inform communities about CRISP opportunities, help communities to identify potential projects, facilitate the process of prioritising identified sub-projects and propose further support under CRISP for implementation.

Project Engineers will assist communities with engineering works and provide technical assistance during project implementation.

A Sub-project Implementation Committee (SIC) will be formed at Village/Community level for each sub-project to ensure meaningful community participation in the process. Each SIC will comprise of a Chair, Vice-Chair, a Treasurer, a Secretary and other members. Members will be representative of all segments of the community, and will be persons who enjoy the confidence of the community at large. The SIC will:

Implement the subproject

Report on progress of sub-project to the Implementing Agency (IA)

Make payments to suppliers and keep accounts of project expenditure to report to the IA

Prepare an operational management and maintenance plan, with assistance from the engineers

Participate in monitoring of sub-project impacts and reporting to the IA.

Comments, suggestions and complaints from community members during planning and implementation will be received by Community Leaders (CLs) and Community Helpers (CHs). Such information will be forwarded to relevant personnel or organisations by the CL/CH for consideration and actions.

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT (PG)-LED INVESTMENTS

With PG-led investments, formal consultation with local communities will be conducted during the preparation of engineering design. Consultations will be implemented in forms and languages understandable to the majority of affected/beneficiary communities. Particular efforts will be made to ensure that women can attend and be actively involved in consultations. Opinions shared by the community will be recorded using Form 5.

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Community members will participate in monitoring during construction and operation phases of sub-projects.

Form 4 – Records of Public Consultation

Community Meeting Minutes

Ward

Date and Location of Meeting

Number of Participants Number of Women

I. Summary of information given to the community at the meeting:

1. Project Information: The Project is planned to carry out the following activities:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. Potential Socio-Environmental Impacts and Risks

3. Mitigation measures that will be applied to address the key impacts and risks (ECOP)

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II. Feedback/Comments from Community

Name Comments/Feedback

6.3 Information Disclosure

In addition to specific mitigation measures applicable to each sub-project, CRISP will ensure the following requirements are met:

Project information is disseminated to affected parties (for example local authority, enterprises and affected households, etc) before construction commences;

Copies of these ECOPs are made available to local communities and to workers at the site.

Notification boards are erected at construction sites providing information about the project, as well as contact information about the site managers so that any affected people can have the channel to voice their concerns and suggestions.

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6.4 Institutional Arrangements for ESMF implementation

Implementation of safeguard procedures will follow the institutional structure of the Project described in Table 3 and Table 4 of this ESMF. Table 8 and Table 9 below list the responsibilities of stakeholders to carry out the safeguard of CRISP.

Table 8 – Safeguard Implementation Responsibilities for community-led rural investments under the CRISP

Safeguard Steps Project phase to be implemented Implemented by Review/

Approve by1. Eligibility

ScreeningProject identification, site selection

Beneficiary Community with assistance from Community Helpers

PARC

2. Impacts Screening Sub-project preparation

Sub-project Implementation Committees (SICs)

PSUs/PMU

3. Prepare Subproject EMPs


Sub-project Implementation Committees (SICs)

PSUs/PMU

4. Implement EMP(including implementing (a) mitigation measures and (b) carry out environmental/ compliance monitoring

Engineering DesignConstructionOperation

(a) Mitigation measuresDesign EngineerContractorCommunity

Work supervisors and SICs

Engineering DesignConstruction

Operation

(b) Monitoring:Design EngineersWork supervisors, Community, SICs, Community HelpersCommunity, SICs, Work supervisors

Safeguards Officer

Table 9 - Safeguard Implementation Responsibilities for Provincial Government (PG)-led rural investments under the CRISP

Safeguard Steps

Project phase to be implemented Implemented by Review/

Approve by1. Eligibility

ScreeningProject identification, site selection

MPGIS prepares Form 1 as part of annual PCDF allocations with MOF (for SIG contribution) or Minimum Conditions (MC) assessments report. Sub-projects with a risk focus provided to MECDM/PCC for consideration.

JOC

2. Impacts Screening


Technical Planning and Budgeting Unit of PG

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Safeguard Steps

Project phase to be implemented Implemented by Review/

Approve by

3. Prepare Sub-project ECOP


PG Works Dept. with support from CRISP Safeguards Officer

4. Implement ECOP

Engineering DesignConstructionOperation

(a) Mitigation measuresDesign EngineerContractorCommunity

Work supervisors

Engineering Design

ConstructionOperation

(b) Monitoring:Safeguards OfficerWork supervisors, WDCContractor, CommunityCommunity

Table 10 - Responsibilities of CRISP key stakeholders in implementing Safeguards

Stakeholder Key Responsibility

MECDMReview and approve EIAs prepared for sub-projects, if applicable

PMU Facilitate information disclosure process

Project Engineers

Provide inputs to sub-project ECOPs as and when required Incorporate relevant mitigation measures proposed in sub-

project ECOPs into detailed engineering design of sub-projects

Incorporate Environmental Codes of Practices and relevant mitigation measures into bidding documents and construction contracts

Oversee the implementation of mitigation measures by the contractors

Provide guidance to contractors to address socio-environmental issues arising during construction phase of the work

Provide technical guidance to beneficiary communities to promote safe and environmentally sound maintenance of the works provided

Community Helpers Attend safeguard training organised by CRISP Facilitate project activities related to community consultation

and information dissemination ensuring all sectors of the community are consulted, particularly women

Collect local information to provide inputs for socio-environmental eligibility and impacts screening

Support communities to prepare socio-environmental eligibility screening for relevant sub-projects during community meetings and follow up through to sub-project

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Stakeholder Key Responsibilityfinalisation

Support communities, particularly the SICs, to prepare socio-environmental impacts screening for sub-projects and follow up through to sub-project finalisation

Facilitate community participatory monitoring during the construction phase of sub-projects

Facilitate formation of community management committees to manage and maintain assets after implementation

CommunitySIC

With the assistance of Community Helpers and the guidance of SIC, members of beneficiary communities will: Participate in environmental screening processes, Propose alternative options to ensure that sub-projects are

eligible and/or have minimal negative socio-environmental impacts

Provide inputs for socio-environmental impacts screening of subproject and preparation of EMPs

Actively participate in environmental monitoring during construction

Undertake mitigation measures during the construction phase of the works carried out under CRISP

Arrange and implement proper management and maintenance of the works to ensure potential impacts during operation phase are mitigated

Contractors

Implement the mitigation measures specified in construction contract

Monitor environmental conditions in areas disturbed by the contractor and report to the Work Supervisor/the Engineer.

When socio-environmental issues arise, report the issues to the Work Supervisor/the Engineer to obtain guidance on actions. Make records of such issues and follow up.

Project Environmental & Social Safeguards Officer

Supervise overall CRISP environmental monitoring Undertaking follow-up visits to ensure quality of the

implementation of the ESMF, advising on issues that may arise

Overseeing the contracting of annual environmental audits for CRISP

Provide inputs for the monthly environmental monitoring reports and sending them to the PMU and Project Coordination Committee (PCC)

Provide inputs for Project progress reports with regards to ESMF implementation

Oversee ESMF implementation processes Provide training on socio-environmental safeguards to

Community Helpers as soon as they are mobilised. Briefing the Engineers on project safeguard management

procedures Check and verify socio-environmental impacts screening

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Stakeholder Key Responsibilityforms are properly filled in by Community Helpers/Engineers

Discuss with the Engineers the mitigation measures for incorporation into engineering designs, and environmental terms and conditions for incorporation into bidding documents and construction contracts

Prepare sample sub-project EMPs if required. Coordinate with MECDM to prepare TORs for EIA and

supervise the EIA preparation process as and when required. Facilitate the finalisation and submission of EIAs to

MECDM and the Bank.

WB Provide technical guidance as necessary/required Carry out periodical supervision

7. Land Acquisition and Compensation Guidelines

A Resettlement Policy Framework (see Annex 6) has been developed to guide voluntary land donation or involuntary impacts on land and resources. The main features are summarised here. Applications for funding of sub-projects under CRISP will need to demonstrate that there is broad community consent for the proposal, and that the community has a plan for management and maintenance of the sub-project assets. Therefore, as set out in the screening for eligibility of sub-projects under CRISP, any sub-project located on privately-owned land or on lands where involuntary resettlements would be unavoidable for example through a voluntary donation protocol, or would cause severe hardship, or would create community unrest will not be financed by the Project until and unless difficulties are resolved. Community Helpers may assist with mediation. This condition of eligibility is proposed based on the experience learnt from the implementation of the Rapid Employment Project and the Rural Development Project in Solomon Islands.

If use of land is involuntarily lost through temporary occupation by the Project activities, rent as agreed between the Project and the lease holder for an agreed term (time period) will be arranged. Agreement and record of payment will be documented in writing and maintained in the Project Office.

For involuntary loss of gardens, trees, crops, perennials, and/or productive trees/plants, or other elements of livelihoods such as loss of business income due to the Project, compensation will be paid by the Project at a scheduled rate (current market value) by the Project, or based on negotiation/agreements made with the owners of the business.

Voluntary donations of land, structures or goods for project implementation will be made with informed consent, free from any coercion, and will not unduly affect the livelihood of the donor. The purpose and any terms of the donation will be recorded in writing with the signature of the owner (see Resettlement Policy Framework for this project)

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8. Grievance Redress Mechanism

It will be important that any grievance redress mechanism reflect the existing process for resolving disputes on issues related to project implementation.

The grievance resolution mechanism proposed for the CRISP is based on the above existing system for dispute resolution. Through public consultations, beneficiaries and those affected will be informed that they have a right to grievance resolution.

It would require the complaint first being discussed by the complainant, the CHs (as primary contacts of the Project) and Community Leaders. If a satisfactory conclusion cannot be reached through this process, then the matter will be directed to the courts. If the complainant is not satisfied with the decision of the Local Court, the case will be decided by the High Court.

The CHs will record all details of complaints (date, complainant, complaint/grievance, attempts to resolve the complaint, and outcomes) and share them with the PMU. The record of the grievance redress mechanism will be the subject of monitoring. Time-frames for response to grievances will be discussed in consultations and set to avoid protracted ill-feeling.

Annex 2 introduces a form for recording complaints from communities.

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Annex 1 – Prescribed Developments Listed in Schedule 2 of the Environmental Act (require EA reports)

1. FOOD INDUSTRIES, including:(a) fruit processing, bottling and canning(b) brewing, malting and distillery works(c) abattoirs(d) other food processing requiring

packaging

6.CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES including(a) pesticide production and use(b) pharmaceutical production(c) fertiliser production and use(d) oil refineries

2. IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES 1. TOURISM INDUSTRIES including(a) hotels(b) golf courses(c) recreational parks(d) tourism resorts and estates

3. NON-METALLIC INDUSTRIES including:

(a) lime production(b) brick and tile manufacture(c) extraction of mineral and mining(d) extraction of aggregate stones and

shingles(e) radio-active related industries(f) manufacture of cements

2. AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY(a) livestock development(b) agricultural development schemes(c) irrigation and water supply schemes

4. LEATHER, PAPER, TEXTILE AND WOOD INDUSTRIES including:

(a) leather tanning and processing(b) textile industries with dying facilities(c) carpet industry with chemical dying(d) manufacture of paper, pulp and other

wood products

3. PUBLIC WORKS SECTOR INDUSTRY including(a) landfills(b) infrastructure development(c) major waste disposal plants(d) soil erosion and siltation control(e) hydropower schemes(f) reservoir development(g) airport development(h) waste management, drainage and

disposal systems(i) dredging(j) watershed management(k) ports and harbour

5. FORESTRY including logging operation, saw milling, all forms of timber processing and treatment

4. OTHERS(a) industrial estates(b) housing development schemes(c) settlement and resettlement schemes(d) petroleum product and processing

works

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Annex 2: Complaints Records Form

Name of Community Helper:

For the period from: . . . . . / . . . . /. . . . . to . . . . / . . . . / . . . . .

Date Name Nature of Complaints Actions taken to follow up and Outcomes

Complaints addressed completely?

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Annex 3 - ECOP for Investments under CRISP

1 = community buildings or shelters,2 = improved water supply and storage systems,3 = strengthening of building frames and foundations and/or

raising foundations,4 = construction of climate proofed small bridges and piers,5 = flood alleviation drainage6 = shoreline protection systems7 = road realignment as a form of risk reduction

8 = sanitation facilities9 = new irrigation schemes or improved irrigation system, mini hydro10 = energy generation (other than hydro, such as mini solar energy

schemes),11 = integrated watershed and land management schemes to minimize

degradation of watersheds12 = other infrastructure likely to cause changes in water use and/or

water availability, mini-hydro generators etc.

1. Common Codes of Practices for CRISP (the measures listed below are applicable to two or more types of investments under CRISP)

Issue/Risks Codes of Practices to address the potential Issues/Risks Applicability to sub-project types1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1

112

5. Disruption of vegetative cover, tree cutting (V)

V1 Store topsoil from excavated area for vegetation planting/ reinstatement at the end of construction

x x x x x

V2 Only cut trees and remove vegetation in areas authorised by Works Supervisor/the Engineer.

x x x x x x x x x x x

V3 Keep the area of vegetation removal minimal x x x x x x x x x x x xV4 Restore vegetation cover on barren soil at the end of construction x x x x x x x x x x x xV5 Plant native trees to compensate for trees logged for timber used

in the sub-project or create vegetation coverx x x x x x x x x x x x

9. Degradation of natural/ ecological resources/natural habitats (E)

E1 Erect temporary fences to protect the preserved trees before commencement of any works within the site.

x x x x x x x x x x x x

E2 Do not disturb (e.g. logging, hunting, catching, shooting, poisoning, littering) breeding ground of fishery resources such as swamp/lagoon/sea grass bed, mangrove areas, rivers or waterways, or grassland seasonally inundated, or any area that is protected as a green space.


E3 Only use legal timber for construction by requiring the supplier x x x x x x x x x

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to show a certificate for timberE4 Only use local native species of vegetation for planting and

restoration of natural landformsx x x x x x x x x x x x

E5 Do not dig sand, gravel or rocks from rivers for construction. x x x x x x x x x x x xE6 Do not extract materials from coral reef for construction

materialsx x x x x x x x x x x x

3.Landscape management (L)

L1 Maintain vegetation cover where possible x x x x x x x x x x x xL2 Implement good waste management practices x x x x x x x x x x x xL3 Cover construction waste with top soil for planting trees/flowers x

4. Solid Waste Management (S)

S1 Provide waste bins for litter/garbage and refuse collection. Waste bins shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof.


S2 Do not burn waste on-site x x x x x x x x x x x xS3 Store solid waste temporarily on site in a designated area

approved by the Work Supervisorsx x x x x x x x x x x x

S4 Dispose of construction waste only in areas approved by local community/authorities


S5 Do not dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas such as swamp/lagoon/sea grass bed, mangrove areas, or grassland seasonally inundated, or any area that is protected as a green space in watercourses.


S6 Reuse recyclable materials (e.g.) top soils where possible. Materials such as wooden plates, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging material shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources for reuse, for use as fill or provided to recycling vendors.


5.Wastewater (W)

W1 Ensure accessibility to toilets for workers x x x x x x x x x x x xW2 Do not discharge wastewater from toilets directly into any water x x x x x x x x x x x x

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body.W3 Cover and seal off all water collection tanks and septic tanks at

the end of construction.x x x x x x x x x x x x

6. Chemical or hazardous wastes (H)

H1 Do not use materials containing asbestos for construction x x x x x x x x xH2 Handling of asbestos-containing materials and other toxic

substances is only to be carried out by specially trained and certified workers

x x x x x x x x

H3 Collect used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc in holding tanks.

x x x x x x x x x x x

H4 Store chemicals with appropriate labelling and signboards x x x x x x x x7. Dust (D), Air quality (A)

D1 Ensure dust generated from construction activities is minimal and at acceptable level


D2 Spray water in dusty area in dry weather x x x x x x x x x x x xD3 Cover material stockpiles x x x x x x x x x x x xD4 Cover trucks carrying granular materials x x x x x x x x x x x xD5 Stop construction and spray the site when there are complaints

about dustx x x x x x x x x x x x

A1 Vehicles used must comply with SI regulations on allowable emission limits of exhaust gases


A2 Do not burn waste on-site x x x x x x x x x x x xA3 Drivers must turn engines off if vehicle is idle for more than 5

minutesx x x x x x x x x x x x

8. Noise (N) N1 Install silencers/mufflers on exhaust of noisy machines in acoustically protected areas


N2 Dampen concrete/roads before cutting x x x x x x x x x x x xN3 Avoid construction activities before 6am and after 6pm x x x x x x x x x x x xN4 Inform local communities at least two days before construction

takes place during early morning and/or late at nightx x x x x x x x x x

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11. Erosion (R), Siltation/ Sedimentation (Se)

R1 Design slope stabilisation solutions if the works are to be built on slopes

x x x x x x

R2 Provide permanent drainage structure if the works is on a slope x x x x x x x x x x xR3 Include energy-dispersion structures in drainage system x x x x x x x x x x x xR4 Avoid excavation works during wet season x x x x x x x x x x x xR5 Keep ground clearance area to minimal levels possible x x x x x x x x x x x xR6 Reinstate vegetation cover at earliest opportunity x x x x x x x x x x x xR7 Carry out shaping and re-profiling cutting of slopes to minimise

erosion potentialx x x x x x x x x x x x

R8 Replant trees on exposed land and slopes to prevent or reduce land collapse and keep the stability of slopes


Se1 Maintain drainage system to ensure they are free of mud and other obstructions


Se2 Maintain original condition of undisturbed area at construction sites


19. Water Quality (Wq)

Wq1 Avoid ground disturbance near water sources x xWq2 Design and install sediment traps to collect sediment from

rainwater before surface flow enters water bodiesx x x x x x x x x x x x

Wq3 Do not wash tools in streams, rivers or lakes x x x x x x x x x x x xWq4 Do not dispose of construction materials and waste in water

bodiesx x x x x x x x x x x x

Wq5 Follow chemical management instruction (Coded H) to prevent chemical leaks into water bodies


11. Localised flooding (F)

F1 Create drains surrounding material loads stored at the work site x x x x x x x x xF2 Periodically clean up drains at the site x x x x x x x x x x x

12. Disturbance to cultural sites (C) (temple,

C1 Avoid unloading materials, parking vehicles/construction plants within 20 m of any cultural site. If this is unavoidable, the unloading/parking should be finished within 3 hours


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church, community

C2 Spray water regularly if construction is near any cultural structure


C3 Chance Find Procedure: If archaeological/historical sites, remains and objects, graves are exposed during construction, the Project will: Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance

find Delineate the discovered site or area Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable

objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until relevant authorities takes over

Notify the Work Supervisor who will notify local or national authorities in charge of cultural issues within 24 hours

Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in the layout, conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage

If the cultural sites and/or relics are of high value and site preservation is recommended by professionals and required by the cultural relics authority, the Project’ will make necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site

Construction works will resume only after permission is granted from the responsible local authorities


13. Social disturbance

Sd1 Inform community at least one week before site clearance is started


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(applies as required to all actions under COPs) (Ds)

Sd2 Maintain open communications with the local government and concerned communities (erect notification boards in local language/s at construction sites providing information about the project and contact numbers)

Respond to telephone inquiries and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner

Monitor community concerns and information requirements as the project progresses


Sd3 Coordinate with local authorities (leaders of local wards or communities, leaders of villages) for agreed schedules of construction activities at areas near sensitive places or at sensitive times (e.g. religious and/or festival days).


Sd4 Inform local residents about construction and work schedules, interruption of services and demolition where applicable


Sd5 Investigate and implement alternatives to avoid the use of playground space and loss of playing fields for construction sites

Carry out consultation with those affected as early as possible if it is not avoidable to use these sites


14. Public Health (P)

See specific measures relevant to various types of sub-projects x x x x x x x x x x x x

15.Worker and public Safety (Sa)

Sa1 Brief workers on occupational health and safety regulations x x x x x x x x x x x xSa2 Install fences, barriers, dangerous warning/prohibition signs

around the construction areax x x x x x x x x x x x

Sa3 Implement traffic control measures, including road/rivers/canal signs and flag persons to warn of dangerous conditions


16. Occupational Health (O)

O1 Use protective gear while working x x x x x x x x x x x x

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2. Specific Codes of Practice for specific types of CRISP sub-projects

Type of Investments

Specific Codes of Practice/Mitigation Measures

1. Community buildings or shelters

L4 Ensure architectural design of the works is safe for use, environmental-friendly and cultural suitable. For example, the community should be asked if it is necessary to include a separate area in the building for women/men.

P1 Design of the buildings to include rain water catchment, water tank, sanitation facilities (including septic tanks), and drainage

2. Improved water supply and storage systems

Sa4 Design/Provide lids for wells to enhance safety (of children) and enhance water quality protection in the event of flooding

P2 Ensure public taps include a proper concrete yard and drainage pipes to lead water away from the tap areaP3 Build a concrete pad with a curb around the tap to contain and collect wastewater and drain away to a ditch,

garden, field or soak away pitP4 Inform and encourage households to apply household water treatments where needed, such as sand filters,

ceramic filters, solar disinfection to significantly reduce bacteria or carbon filters to remove colour, such as from peat water. Boiling water is a traditional household level treatment (but this uses more energy)

P5 Provide drainage around taps to minimise stagnant water. Provide training on maintenance of gutters (debris)P6 Maintain drainage pipes to ensure good drainage at public taps

Check regularly to make sure there is a working faucet installed and that it is turned off when water is not needed

Sd12 Provide alternative water supply to affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one dayWq1 Locate groundwater wells at least 10m upstream from any animal cage, septic tank, toilets etcWq2 Design and construction of dug wells/drill wells should include proper casing/sealing on surface so that

polluted surface water does not enter the aquifer Provide lids for wells for water quality protection in the event of flooding

Wq10

Carry out pumping tests before construction. Pump groundwater at rate identified by the pumping tests to avoid salinity intrusion

12. Strengthening building

L4 Ensure architectural design of the works is safe for use, environmentally-friendly and cultural suitableP1 Design of the buildings to include rain water catchment, water tank, sanitation facility (including septic tanks),

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frames, raising foundations

and drainage

14. Construction of small bridges and piers

Se3 The sediment in water pumped from the work area must be discharged to an appropriate sediment control measure for treatment before release to the stream.

Wq9 Clean up stream/river bed periodically if construction is carried out over water (bridges, pier)

16. Drainage of flood water

R3 Include energy-dispersion structures in drainage system

17. Shoreline protection

L1 Shape cuts and slopes to fit with surrounding landscapeL5 Landscaping and implementing any necessary remedial works at all affected areas without delay, including

green-spacingL6 Restore, using landscaping, adequate drainage and re-vegetation of all cleared areas such as disposal areas, site

facilities, workers’ camps, stockpile areas, working platforms and any areas temporarily occupied during construction of the project works

Se4 Perform earthworks, cuts, and fill slopes in accordance with the construction specifications, including measures such as installation of drains, use of plant cover, etc

21. Road realignment

E5 Ensure new alignment does not increase accessibility to ecologically sensitive areas

22. Sanitation facilities

P7 Ensure that all parts of the septic tank system are working properly by: Conducting inspection of septic tanks periodically Emptying accumulated sludge every few years Treating septic tank effluent before final disposal: septic tank effluent should be piped to a leach field

(underground/vegetated) or a pit (for soaking away) Do not discharge septic tank effluent to an open drain or other surface water Keep toilets clean

Wq5 Check the likely direction of groundwater flow and locate septic tank DOWNSTREAM from dug well Locate septic tank at least 10 meters (but more is better) from any existing dug well

24. New or improved

To be determined during project implementation

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irrigation schemes

25. Energy generation (e.g. mini solar energy)

To be determined during project implementation

26. Integrated watershed and land management schemes

Sd6 Avoid interruptions of water supply to agricultural areasSd7 Carry out consultation to minimise disturbance to household economy and incomes

Other measures will be determined during project implementation

28. Other infrastructure, e.g. mini-hydro generators etc.

Sd8 Avoid interruptions of water supply to agricultural areas

Sd9 Provide alternative water supply to affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one day

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Annex 4 - Draft Terms of Reference for

Environmental and Social Safeguards Officer – CRISP

The Safeguards Officer (SO) will carry out the following tasks:

In conjunction with the CRISP PMU, the Monitoring & Evaluation Officer/Advisor, supervise overall CRISP environmental and social monitoring including establishing a schedule of monitoring activities for the ESMF and setting up procedures at provincial level

Undertaking follow-up visits to ensure quality of the implementation of the ESMF, advising on issues that may arise to relevant project staff/personnel

Ensuring that CRISP complies with all the relevant national and provincial environmental legislations

Ensuring that the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and the Resettlement Policy Framework (RFP) for CRISP are effectively managed and applied

Overseeing, together with the M&E and Procurement Officers, the contracting of annual environmental audits for CRISP

Together with the Engineers and Community Helpers to prepare monthly environmental monitoring reports and sending them to the PMU and PCC

Support CRISP management team in preparing and consolidating progress reports with regards to ESMF implementation

Oversee ESMF implementation processes under Component C. Prepare sub-project EMPs if and when required. Coordinate with MECDM to prepare TORs for EIA and supervise the EIA preparation process. Facilitate the finalisation and submission of EIAs to MECDM and the Bank.

Provide training on safeguards, particularly on project social and environmental management procedures, exclusion activities, impacts screening and mitigation measures to Community Helpers. This includes providing ongoing support to existing RDP CHs and providing training to any additional CHs that may be recruited.

Briefing the Engineers on project management procedures, the project’s requirements to incorporate mitigation measures into engineering design, and consultation with communities about detailed engineering design/scope of investment.

Check and verify environmental impacts screening forms filled in by Community Helpers/Engineers.

Discuss with the Engineers about incorporating the mitigation measures into engineering designs, and environmental terms and conditions for incorporation into construction contracts and bidding documents.

Duration of contract

18 months, full time with an option to extend.

Qualifications and Experience

- BSc/Diploma in natural science, environmental science/management or related field- At least five years of work experience, including environmental impact assessment and a

good understanding of social impact assessment

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- Have a good understanding of environmental management legislations and requirements in Solomon Islands

- Prior experience in community development/mediation skills would be an advantage- Prior work experience in internationally-funded projects is preferrable- Have strong willingness and capability to travel frequently to the provinces for site visits- Computer literate in MS Word and Excel. Additional computer skills would be an advantage

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Annex 5: Some issues observed and lessons learned from previous RDP sub-projects in Solomon Islands

Good practice Possible ImprovementsWater retaining wall and pipes installed to convey water downstream to community. A pipe for sediment discharge also installed. Community carry out maintenance

Water quality should be tested

Good: Labour intensive pipe installation with minimal disturbance to vegetation cover.

Drainage pipe at this standpipe should be long and wide enough to drain all wastewater away to avoid stagnant water.

Some graves near entrance to community were observed. EMP should notify contractor not to load construction materials, machines nearby.

There is an opportunity for landscaping/decorations outside this beautiful community building

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Rainwater and septic tanks built as part of the sub-project.

Community representative reported that construction waste management (although very small in quantity) was not considered adequately.

Eight water tanks were provided for rainwater collection in a catchment of much smaller capacity. Project should better consider the size of catchment vs. the number of tanks provided. Also, location and mooring for tanks should also be considered in areas prone to hazards, such as the one visited. Community should be trained on procedures for management and maintenance i.e. maintenance of gutter to ensure debris-free, install screening/filter at inlet, drain the tank periodically etc. Drainage in area at the tap should also be considered. Signs such as “save the water” should be placed at the tank.

Timber is used for classroom construction. Localised erosion/landslide observed in the local community. Community informed that they will self-organise for tree planting (but mostly betel nut trees and other trees with commercial value.)

Classroom being built on the top of a hill. Measures for slope stabilisation, preferably engineering structure combined with vegetation cover, should be included as part of project investment

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9. Annex 6 - Community Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards in Solomon Islands Project (CRISP) Resettlement Policy Framework

A) Project Description and Components

The purpose of this policy framework is to clarify resettlement principles, organizational arrangements, and design criteria to be applied to sub-projects to be prepared during implementation of the Community Resilience to Climate Change and Natural Hazards in Solomon Islands Project (CRISP, Project ID: P112613) for which the Solomon Islands Government has requested assistance from the World Bank.

Over 85% of the Solomon Islands’ population of around 552,300 live in villages with largely subsistence economies. Land area is 229,000 km2, giving low average population densities at 2.4 persons per km2. Some 87 per cent of land is under customary tenure. Outside of the federal capital and the provincial headquarters, natural resources such as forests, minerals, reefs, and islets belong to customary land owners. Management is community-based. Leadership is achieved rather than ascribed in Melanesian communities, and derives from the ability of an individual to command resources and followers. Leaders emerge by consensus or ballot. Non-customary “alienated" land is registered under the Land and Titles Act.

Solomon Islands are located in the “Pacific Ring of Fire”, and within the cyclone belt, making them highly vulnerable to natural hazards. SI is amongst the 20 countries with the highest economic risk exposure to two or more geological, hydrological and climatic hazards that include tropical cyclones, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, floods and droughts.

The project development objective (PDO) is to “increase the capacity of selected communities to manage the impacts of natural hazards and climate change”. The project would achieve this objective by strengthening government capacity in disaster and climate risk management, and implementing disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation investments in selected communities in up to four provinces including Guadalcanal and Temotu.

This will be achieved by strengthening the institutions responsible for disaster and climate work, improving coordination between the two divisions primarily responsible for this work, and amongst other key sectors (e.g. agriculture, water, rural development etc). This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) will be used to mainstream the principles of the Bank’s OP/BP 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement into standard operating procedures of the key sectoral agencies. It also takes account of the sensitivities of the land based livelihoods of the majority Indigenous Peoples. The outputs will be ‘tools’ that build on the current practice of operational agencies and embed in them social safeguards principles to guide planning, implementation and monitoring of investments in climate and disaster resilience.

The sub-components for the CRISP project relevant to this RPF are:

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B(i) Strengthening of climate and disaster risk information and early warning systems C(i) Design, advisory and supervision services of rural infrastructure investments C(ii) Development and implementation of community-led rural investment projects C(iii) Development and implementation of provincially-led rural investment projects

Component C will support the implementation of provincial and community-level climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction investment activities and engineering works to increase resilience of selected communities in Guadalcanal and Temotu provinces and up to two more provinces to be identified by the Implementing Agency (IA), the Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology (MECDM).

As sites of investment activities and engineering works have not yet been selected, a Resettlement Plan cannot be prepared prior to project appraisal.

B Principles and Objectives Governing Resettlement Preparation and Implementation

It is noted that the term ‘involuntary resettlement’ refers to any unwanted effect on assets or livelihoods caused by the project, and is not limited to forced physical displacement.

The Solomon Islands Government (SIG) is committed in the interest of harmonious development to:

Avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible, and where unavoidable, to explore options with affected persons and communities to minimise and mitigate any social harm

Ensure that benefits are shared equitably, that affected persons are fairly compensated for any unavoidable adverse project impacts, and are assisted to re-establish their livelihoods to pre-project standard or better

Use projects as a development opportunity to improve upon the pre-project socio-economic situation of affected persons and communities, and if applicable of host communities.

These principles entrain a process of consultation and participation with beneficiaries and affected persons throughout the project cycle. Consultation mechanisms are discussed in Section L below.

C Process for Preparing and Approving Resettlement Plans

Work will initially be undertaken by the Project Management Unit under MECDM to identify all institutional stakeholders who may be involved in delivery of project components with physical impacts. These could include line Ministries and Departments with responsibility for agriculture, forestry, water, communications and transport, as well as the relevant Provincial Governments. These agencies will present their current operational procedures for service delivery at a project safeguards coordination meeting. Present practice will be examined for inclusion of the principles and procedures in this RPF. Where gaps exist, the requirements of the RPF and the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)

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will be integrated into current operational procedures and developed into Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that will be adopted by the line agencies and included in the Project Operational Manual (POM) that is part of the legal agreement between SIG and the Bank. SOPs will address the provisos described below in Sections D to M. Tools developed as part of the SOPs will include the content of screening checklists for the Bank’s social safeguards integrated and reconciled with SIG instruments, and policy response that reflects best international practice. This activity will contribute to the Component A aim of mainstreaming DRM and CCA into sector planning and investments, and will facilitate SIG’s partnership with the Bank and other development partners for the present project and in the future.

Subsequent planning for sub-projects will follow the policies and use the tools included in the POM addressing consultation and disclosure, voluntary land donation protocols, eligibility criteria and compensation provisions for involuntary impacts, delivery mechanisms and timing, a comments and complaints/grievances mechanism, budgeting for resettlement, monitoring evaluation and progress reporting on safeguards as part of the normal project reporting to the Bank. This will assist sustainability of the policy advice and institutional strengthening activities beyond the effectiveness of a time and project-bound Resettlement Plan.

If unforeseen circumstances require compulsory acquisition and development of a Resettlement Plan or an Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan, MECDM will prepare it in accordance with Solomon Islands law and this Framework, and submit it for agreement with the Bank and ensure public disclosure before the subproject proceeds.

After completion of Detailed Measurement Surveys, the sub-project resettlement plan would include baseline socio-economic survey information, Indigenous People (IP) and gender analysis; Affected Persons (AP) census and assets inventory; specific compensation rates and standards; policy entitlements related to any additional impacts identified through the census or survey; description of resettlement sites and programs for improvement or restoration of livelihoods and standards of living; implementation schedule for resettlement activities; a detailed cost estimate and provisions for monitoring and reporting on delivery and impacts of the Plan.

D. Estimated Population Displacement and Categories of Displaced Persons

No physical displacement of population is envisaged in this project. Subprojects will be developed at Ward Development Committee level with participation of representatives of each beneficiary village. Village level projects will be requested by village Sub-project Implementation Committees (SICs) with four officers and other members. Sub-projects should therefore have broad community support, and access to communal or privately used land may be expected to be largely through voluntary donation, and therefore not require a RAP.

Component C sub-projects will be undertaken at provincial level if their scale or technical requirements are beyond village capacity.

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Sub-projects that might require a RAP to determine livelihood compensation modalities could involve site selection, construction or rehabilitation of:

community buildings or shelters improved water supply and storage systems strengthening of building frames and foundations and/or raising foundations construction of climate proofed small bridges and piers drainage shoreline protection systems road realignment as a form of risk reduction sanitation facilities new irrigation schemes or improved irrigation systems energy generation (other than hydro, such as mini solar energy schemes) integrated watershed and land management schemes to minimize degradation of

watersheds other infrastructure likely to cause changes in water use and/or water availability,

mini-hydro generators etc

Project affected persons, if there are any, would thus include the men, women and children who own, use or have customary access to any affected land, crops or wild produce, assets or facilities, and whose enjoyment of these facilities is affected either temporarily or permanently by the project, whether in their personal or work capacities.

In the context of this project, the most likely category of ‘Project Affected Person’ is the voluntary land donor individual or group. As personal or group land is traditionally made available for projects for the common good, a Voluntary Donation Protocol is included in this RPF, in Section 8. Essential features of voluntary donation are freedom from coercion, affirmation that no individual suffers severe loss, the stated purpose and duration of the grant, and documentation of the agreement and of all interested parties.

E. Eligibility Criteria for Defining Various Categories of Displaced Persons

In the event of compulsory acquisition, persons with legal title to land, with customary but no formal title, or with no title but a customary right to use land at the time of the Minister’s declaration of intention to acquire land for public purposes will be recognised as eligible for resettlement assistance. It is noted that displacement in this context refers to economic as well as physical displacement. All involuntarily project-displaced persons with a lawful claim up to the cut off date will be recognised, without distinction as to their ownership status, sex, ethnicity or age. The cut-off date will be the date of the Minister’s Declaration under the Land and Titles Act. Any involuntary displacement will be compensated according to the principles adopted in this RPF. Compensation will be made directly to the affected person(s) or to their legal representative if they are not legally competent.

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F. Legal Framework and Bridging any Gaps

Though involuntary land acquisition is not foreseen for this project, a description of the provisions under the Land and Titles Act (CAP133 Revised Edition 1996) is presented below compared with Bank principles, and a reconciliation set out. This will enable Standard Operating Procedures developed with the line agencies for the POM to include involuntary acquisition processes should it arise in future projects. There is no fundamental difference in intent of the law with Bank principles; the points of difference relate in the main to detail that is not explicit in the law, but can generally be implied. These details will be accommodated in policy and procedure adopted in the POM. The table below summarises the resettlement principles discussed throughout this RPF.

Table 11: Comparison of Provisions of the Land and Titles Act 1969 with Bank Resettlement Principles

Principle Provision under Land and Titles Act 1969 ReconciliationAvoidance and minimization of impacts; availability of alternatives for resettlement.

Government may compulsorily acquire the desired land by Declaration of the Minister. There is a right of appeal to the High Court against the selection on points of law (e.g. land is not for a public purpose, or some portion is not required) but no specific obligation to examine alternatives.

Efforts will be made to identify alternatives to involuntary land taking; project design options and different alternatives for compensation will be discussed with APs prior to Declaration by Minister.

Full consultation and disclosure about the project at times and places accessible to potentially affected persons and communities.

Declaration may be published in the manner the Minister thinks fit; for unregistered land, the Commissioner posts prominent notices on or near boundaries inviting applications for compensation, or for registered land, serves notice on all registered owners.

Declaration will be released to radio and press as well as posted on boundaries and notified to registered owners; public information bulletins and Plans will available to the public in appropriate language.

Eligibility applies to titled, non-titled and customary users of both sexes.

Any persons who were lawfully occupying the land or lawfully exercising some right on it immediately prior to Declaration are eligible for consideration, whether or not a title is registered, and are given declaration documentation; all recognised claimants are given an Order for Payment; compensation payments to groups are for the benefit of them all; spouses are treated as separate persons in relation to registration of land.

No additional action required, but the separate recognition of spouses for purposes of land registration will be extended to compensation, which will be in both names.

Preference to be given to offering alternative land to APs whose livelihoods are land based; compensation to be at replacement cost.

Land in lieu is a considered option where customary land is to be acquired. Amount of compensation or compensation rental is assessed by the High Court, taking into account the condition of the land and any other circumstances it considers relevant. Disputes over group membership and hence entitlement to a share of compensation may be heard by the Magistrate’s Court. The Provincial

Proviso aligns with Bank policy where possible to offer land for land to APs whose livelihoods were land-based. Replacement cost at market rate will be used as the guiding principle for valuation. APs are to be given the

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Secretary must assist claimants with any official documentation in support of their claim. Claimant’s reasonable costs in preparing and settling a claim are refundable.

opportunity to provide evidence that should be taken into consideration in valuation.

Land based assets and lost elements of livelihoods are compensated.

Definition of land includes land-based assets and water over it, but excepts oil, gas and minerals under it.

No additional action required; productive assets and elements of livelihood will be taken into account in valuation of losses.

Settlements must be made before commencement of civil works.

No explicit proviso. After a declaration that land is required for a public purpose, an AP may appeal to have the declaration quashed within six months. The occupier of the land may remain in possession until not more than four months after an order to vacate. During this period, the occupier may not make improvements on the premises without permission, and will not be compensated for them. The affected person may claim compensation from the Commissioner of Lands normally within three months of publication of a Declaration of Intent to acquire land. Within three months of receipt of the claim, the Commissioner notifies the claimant of the outcome of their claim. If the Commissioner’s response is accepted, payment is made within a further three months of receipt of acceptance. If dissatisfied the Affected Person may within three months appeal to the High Court, which may confirm the Commissioner’s offer, assess what to it seems just, or direct the Commissioner to make a further offer. If the claimant does not appeal within three months, the offer is deemed to have been accepted. This process may thus take up to fifteen months or longer depending on Court schedules, during which the affected person’s right to improve the land is restricted, and s/he may be ordered to vacate.

Affected persons will not be ordered to vacate until agreement is reached on resettlement. They will have the opportunity to collect a last harvest. Civil works will not commence until any applicable compensation has been paid. Compensation payments will recognise all members of groups, and spouses as separate persons.

Information about rights, and a grievance mechanism to be available.

Law sets out rights. Appeal against declaration is available on points of law. Offers of compensation may be appealed to the High Court. Assistance with official documentation for claim preparation and appeal against valuation is available.

No additional action required, but Project Information Bulletins will provide information in simple language about legal rights.

Costs of physical relocation are met.

No explicit proviso. Moving, re-establishment and transitional assistance costs will be included as part of the compensation package.

Non-viable remnant land or buildings are fully

No explicit proviso. At the option of the AP, the project will acquire the whole of a partially

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acquired. acquired parcel of land or building that is no longer adequate for residence/ subsistence.

Vulnerable Affected Persons should receive additional consideration.

No explicit proviso. However part of the law that applies to systematic settlement contains a proviso for protection of the interest of an absent or disabled claimant, indicating an intent to protect the weaker.

As the same impact may have greater severity on vulnerable persons, for example low income and subsistence- dependent households, female and single parent headed households, households supporting elderly or disabled persons, members of ethnic minorities, resettlement provisions will take into account vulnerability and offer additional assistance such as credit, land preparation, grants of productive trees, livestock to raise, training, or work on the project to compensate for vulnerability.

G. Methods of Valuing Affected Assets

The principle of full restoration of livelihood consequent upon compulsory acquisition requires that a project-affected good be assessed at market replacement cost, with the full amount going to the Affected Person without deduction of costs, fees, taxes, imposts or gratuities. The Lands and Titles Act does not explicitly state this, though the principle is recognised in the acceptance that reasonable costs of preparation of a claim will be met. Establishment of market value is challenging when it concerns goods that are rarely traded, as may be the case with customary land. Considerations to take into account will be any income derived from the lost land or asset, its location and amenity value in terms of access to physical and social infrastructure, family and kin groups. Valuation will be set at a level that enables the Affected Person to re-establish economic activities and social ties to the pre-project status or better.

Temporary loss of land, for example for an easement, will be compensated at the rental value of the loss for the area and period of time involved. Loss of production will be calculated at the market value of the most recent harvest of any lost crop multiplied by the number of seasons of loss.

Valuation of project-affected food trees and plants will be assessed at the market value of the most recent harvest multiplied by the number of harvests lost, or for replacement plants to become productive.

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Timber trees will be valued at the market value of the millable quantity of timber at the time of compensation.

Loss of access to fisheries will be compensated at the market value of the typical harvest for the duration of loss until replacement or recovery of the resource.

Where trees, crops or fisheries are in common ownership, the compensation will be distributed amongst the customary users.

Structures will be compensated at the market cost of materials and labour to replace them at the time of compensation payment.

If physical displacement is unavoidable, relocation and reestablishment expenses will be met at actual cost. Valuation of assets such as buildings will be assessed at cost of materials without deduction for depreciation or salvage.

If either an affected plot of land or a building is reduced to a size that is no longer viable for the household, the project will acquire the entire asset, and either replace it with like for like, or compensate for the full value of the lost asset.

H. Voluntary Donation Protocols and Procedures for Delivery of Entitlements

In the present project, sub-projects will be identified and discussed at the level of the village or group of villages. It is expected that most land or land-based assets will be in customary ownership, and that the norms of customary agreement for community access to and use of land for purposes that have broad community support will prevail under a voluntary arrangement as described hereunder.

Voluntary Land Donation

Voluntary land donation refers to a process by which an individual or communal owner or group agrees to provide land or property for project-related activities. In general, voluntary land contribution is undertaken without compensation. It is an act of informed consent, made with the prior knowledge of other options available and their consequences, including the right not to contribute or transfer the land. The donation must be obtained without coercion or duress.

Voluntary land or asset donation requires a declaration by the individual, household or group that they are donating the use of the land or asset for a specific purpose and a specific duration of time. It is provided freely and without compensation. The following safeguards are required:

a) Full consultation with landowners and any non-titled affected people on site selectionb) Voluntary donations should not severely affect the living standards of affected people,

i.e. no individual should lose more than 10% of their productive assetsc) Any voluntary donation will be confirmed through written record and verified by an

independent third party such as customary tribunal, NGO or legal authority

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d) Adequate grievance redress mechanism should be in place.

Documentation would be held by MECDM to provide evidence of the process. A sample donation form is at Annex 7.

Involuntary Acquisition

In the event of involuntary acquisition, organisational procedures must ensure that entitlements are delivered to the right person(s) in a culturally congenial manner, that they are transparent and fully documented. Compensation would be released by the Executing Agency and disbursed through MECDM as Implementing Agency (IA).

Claimants would be informed in writing of the details of their entitlement (see sample entitlement form at Annex 2) and requested to attend the office of MECDM or the village headquarters at an agreed time during normal office hours. Compensation would be handed over, and both the claimant and a representative of the IA would sign the entitlement form before an independent witness. If any land transfer is involved, documentation establishing any change of title would be exchanged at the same time to ensure that parties can register the change, and can engage in any normal lawful transaction in relation to the land.

J Resettlement Implementation during the Project Cycle

The main steps in resettlement actions, roles and responsibilities in the project cycle, are outlined in Table ii.

Table 12: Resettlement Actions in the Project Cycle

Task/Stage ResponsibilityProject PreparationAwareness raising about risks/needs arising from climate change and natural hazards

Community Helpers, Provincial Disaster Officers, MECDM technical staff

Pre-identification of climate change/disaster risk reduction projects

Ward Development Committees (WDCs), Sub-project Implementation Committees (SICs) with expert line Government agency input

Screening; identification of risks and impacts MECDM, MLHS and other line Ministries as appropriate

Community consultations; identification and selection of options, outline plan for ownership management and maintenance of assets, voluntary donation arrangements

WDCs/SICs, village leaders, residents, men’s women’s youth and occupational groups as available

Release of Public Information Bulletin inviting comments

MECDM

Application for funding; identification of resettlement needs if any

WDCs/SICs/Provincial Allocation Review Committee/Line Ministries

If necessary, Minister’s Declaration of intent to compulsorily acquire land for the sub-project under Lands and Titles Act

Minister of Lands

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Legal process as described in Table 1 Commissioner of Lands, Courts, APsIf involuntary acquisition proceeds, preparation of Resettlement Plan (RAP) or Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP); socio-economic baseline survey, Affected Persons (AP) census, inventory of affected assets, valuation, grievance mechanism established

MECDM in consultation with affected communities and individuals; MECDM/WDC/SIC safeguards officers

Approval of the RAP/ARAP by SIG and the Bank; disclosure and review period

SIG/World Bank

Revision of RAP/ARAP in response to comments received, re-approval/disclosure

SIG/World Bank

ImplementationResettlement actions completed/documented MECDM/APsCivil works announced and commenced MECDM /ContractorsCivil works completed; accidental damage compensated

Contractors

Monitoring and evaluationVerification that all resettlement actions are complete; lessons learned; reporting

MECDM, APs, community leaders and members

As shown in the table above, the main work in resettlement takes place during project identification and planning. To avoid hardship, it is required that Affected Persons’ claims are settled prior to onset of the impact they should be compensated for. Civil works may not commence until this condition is met.

If it is not possible to locate an owner, or if there is a dispute over ownership, the compensation due in respect of that person or land will be held by MoFT 3 as Executing Agency in an escrow account pending location of the potential claimant or settlement of the dispute. On legal settlement of a dispute, and after any final appeal, the sum due will be paid out to the person(s) in whose favour the dispute was ultimately settled. If an absent claimant has not been located within the term that a person would otherwise legally be declared deceased, the compensation monies will be paid to his or her legal heirs.

J Grievance Redress Mechanisms

A fundamental principle of resettlement is that potentially project Affected Persons should be fully informed, have a right to present a complaint and be given a fair hearing. Access to information will be assured through issuing Public Information Bulletins (PIBs - see Section L below) and fair hearing through the appeals process under the Land and Titles Act 1969, as described in Table 1 above. The availability of a complaints process is to be disclosed in PIBs and other public announcements, for example in declaration notices, radio and press announcements, posters or any other publicity about the project. It will indicate the name, position and contact details of the person(s) to whom a grievance may be addressed. This information will also be communicated to the Ward Development Committee and the Subproject Implementation Committee in affected areas. In addition to the normal provisos,

3 The Ministry of Finance and Treasury is the appropriate agency to hold project funds until any conditions for disbursement have been met, and provides a degree of independent oversight of disbursement.

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since Affected Persons often lack experience of legal process, they will be made aware through public communications that they may seek counsel and bring supporters at any stage during a complaints process.

The contact details for the designated Complaints Officer will appear on notices, posters or other public information about the project. In case women are reluctant to come forward, a female committee member will be made available to hear their complaint. Persons with a complaint will in the first instance address themselves to the Ward Development Committee or the Subproject Implementation Committee for the activity. The Committee will attempt immediate resolution, with assistance as required from the Village leaders. If the matter cannot be resolved locally, the complainant will be addressed to MECDM.

MECDM will designate a Safeguards Officer to the PMU who will make her- or himself familiar with the project and the applicable safeguards principles and procedures in the ESMF and POM. The Safeguards Officer will endeavour to resolve any issues by negotiation and mediation to avoid the potentially prolonged uncertainties and anxieties associated with legal process. If necessary, an independent mediator such as an NGO with experience in community conflict resolution may be appointed. In this case, a timetable for handling complaints will be set, for example, within ten working days of lodgement, with an option to revert to legal process if mediation does not succeed. Legal process is described in Table i above.

Damage or accident caused by any contractor will be covered under the EMP.

A record will be kept of all complaints, the AP, the nature of the complaint, the time, manner and cost of resolution. These will be consolidated in the Safeguards section of the normal six-monthly reports to the Bank.

K. Arrangements for Funding Resettlement4

In the unlikely event that a project or sub-project will involve involuntary resettlement MECDM, as the Implementing Agency, will perform or contract a baseline survey of the affected community and persons, compile a census of Affected Persons and an inventory of affected assets. From this data the IA or its agent will prepare cost estimates of resettlement for discussion and review with investment and donor partners. The process will entail consultations with other stakeholder line agencies as required, for example, Lands, Forestry and Valuation.

If compensation is required, the Government and Bank partners will decide during project implementation whether funding resettlement will be provided by the project budget or will come from a Government contribution. Once decided, the funds will flow from source to the Executing Agency, be released to MECDM and be disbursed to the claimants as described in Section H above. The resettlement budget will include a contingency allowance commensurate to the risk that input data may be inaccurate or incomplete, for example due to

4 See ‘Compensation and Entitlement Form for Affected Persons’ (Annex 8)

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uncertainties over ownership or entitlements.

The disbursement of resettlement funds against entitlements will be recorded and reported in the normal six-monthly project activity reports.

L. Information, Consultations and Participation of Displaced Persons

Information about the project and sub-projects will initially be announced to the general public in a PIB released to the media and available for consultation in the office of MECDM and the local Ward Development Committees (WDC). The PIB will contain high level information about the project aims, locations, benefits, anticipated impacts, timetable, participants, and where to address comments or seek information. This PIB and community consultations will precede sub-project identification and final design, through deliberations of the Ward Development Committees and Sub-project Implementation Committees. Community consultations need to be planned to impart technical information and to take stock of the needs and resources of all sectors of communities to optimise resilience planning. Before a sub-project is funded, applicants will be required to demonstrate broad support following consultation with all sectors in communities they serve. Records of attendance at community meetings, and decisions taken, should be attached to funding proposals and submitted as evidence to the relevant WDC prior to sub-project approval. Vulnerability to climate change and natural hazards affects men, women, youth, elderly and disabled persons differently and proposals for funding need to take account of the needs and capacities of men’s, women’s, youth, and occupational groups such as farmers, foresters and fishers and vulnerable people in the community.

Consultation methods will respect the socio-economic context; will be held in local languages and with appropriate visual aids, in places and at times that enable the target audiences to attend. Women often find such consultations hard to fit into household schedules, and particular efforts should be made to reach them. By the time a sub-project is identified, potentially affected persons will have been identified, and alternatives to avoid or mitigate any adverse impacts will have been taken into account in design. Community contributions of land, labour or other inputs will have been broadly agreed. A plan addressing the ownership, management and maintenance of investments will be in place to include in the application for funding.

If compulsory land acquisition is unavoidable, further consultations with APs as a group will be undertaken to develop a resettlement plan at the time of the Minister’s declaration if applicable. Subsequent PIBs will be issued to the media and through local government offices to announce subprojects and to alert the general public to project activities, or traffic or construction disturbances.

Members of beneficiary communities will be involved in implementation of sub-projects to the extent of their willingness, skills and abilities. During consultations, they will be asked to identify the changes they hope the project will achieve. These aspirations will be reflected in

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the design of sub-project monitoring. Community representatives will be invited to participate in monitoring.

M. Monitoring and Reporting Arrangements

Monitoring and evaluation of the CRISP project is planned under Component D (ii) project monitoring and evaluation. This will include monitoring of delivery of the safeguards aspects of the project as planned under the SOPs, and impact monitoring under the Project Development Objective indicators. Indicators of interest to the beneficiaries may be identified during consultations, and they will be invited to report against these. Community monitoring inputs and any evaluative comment received will be included in the project progress reports to the Bank.

If there is any involuntary resettlement, progress reports will include disbursements against budget, unsettled claims and the reasons, any issues, complaints or grievances, their progress and outcomes, and any lessons learned and recommendations for next steps.

If an independent mediator is appointed, they will be required to report against delivery of resettlement measures.

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Annex 7: Sample Consent Form for Voluntary Donation

Date: _______________________I/We: ___________________ male household head ___________________female household head,

AND/OR person (name) _____________________________ exercising custom over the affected land at___________________________________________________________Resident/s of _________________Village in _________________District______________,Declare that I/We/the group is voluntarily donating the use of (specify land, assets, location, size,type etc)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________For the purpose of: (specify activity)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________For the duration of: (specify commencement date and duration)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Of My/Our own free will, I/We are waiving My/Our right to compensation of any kind for the specified duration of the activity.

I/We declare that all residents in the ____________________________community will have free and unfettered access to the project assets on condition of their participation in the careful maintenance of the assets for the benefit of the whole community.

Signed:Male household head _____________________ Female household head__________________

or Custom Group Representative___________________________________________________on behalf of (append list of all custom owners)

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Annex 8: Compensation and Entitlement Form for Affected Person

(Name of Project/subproject)

Name of Affected Person: Survey ID No: (from socioeconomic survey form)

Address:

Entitlements:Land:Permanent loss:

Cadastral Lot Number if available

Area sq m. Value sq.m. Total assessed value

Residential

Commercial

Water or other reserve

Temporary loss:Residential

Commercial

Water o other reservePermanent loss of Trees/crops:

Number Status (bearing, non-bearing, newly planted etc)

Unit value

Pandanus

Taro

Structures: Purpose (dwelling, workshop etc)

Sq.m. Value sq.m. Total assessed value:

Permanent

Semi permanent

Local

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Income/revenue from:

Type Permanent or Duration/mth

Value/mth unit value

Business

CropsProduce

Other (specify)

Total AP entitlement

The Affected Person will bring this form on settlement date.

I hereby declare that this is a complete, true and accurate record of my losses due to the ......................Project, and that I have received payment in full.

AP signature Date

Witness signature Date

In the presence of:

Signed for (IA) Date

Bibliography and References

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1. Ministry of Environment, Conservation and MetSOrology (former name of the Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and MetSOrology) 2008. Solomon Islands State of the Environment Report.

2. Ministry of Development Planning and Aid Coordination, 2007. Environmental Assessment/Environmental Social Maangement Framework for Rural Development Program

3. National Disaster Council, Solomon Islands Government, 2010. National Disaster Risk Management Plan

4. Solomon Islands Rural Development Program (SIRDP), 2011. Component 1 Program Implementation Manual

5. Solomon Islands Environmental Act, 19986. Ministry of Culture and Tourism, 2011. Cultural Mapping Report: Solomon Islands, 7. The World Bank. The Do and The Don’t.8. RDP, 2007. Environmental Management Framework.9. REP, 2010. Environmental Management Guideline Report.

Websites:

www.everyculture.com

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List of key persons met during ESMF preparation

Persons met Title Organisation

Nathaniel Nhapps Environmental Officer RDP

Robert Engineer RDP

Josef Hurutarau Officer Environmental Conservation Division, MECDM

Connie Siliota Officer Transport Sector Development Program (TSDP)

Winston Lado Safeguards Officer TSDP

John Lamer Community Leader Buni village

Misach Lultrer Community Leader Buni village

Brian Simbe Community Helper Pailoge

Deisam Treasurer, Community Leader

Community leader Kogulavata

Community Leader Kolobangara/Kena

Community Helper Kolobangara/Kena

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Documents

documents.worldbank.orgdocuments.worldbank.org/curated/pt/250921468101934557/E... · Web viewThe Solomon Islands Government (SIG) has sought World Bank assistance in preparing the