Reading1 Read the introduction of a report about how climate change will

affect agriculture. Then match the underlined words with their definitions.

a. ______________: a flow of water from one place to anotherb. ______________: very large masses of ice that move very slowlyc. ______________: a plant grown for food, usually on a farmd. ______________: situations that could possibly happen in the futuree. ______________: long periods of time when there is little or no rain and crops dief. ______________: things such as work, which provide the money that people need to liveg. ______________: a layer of earth or rock that contains water

PrefaceUnder the IPCC* emissions scenarios, higher temperatures are projected to affect all aspects of the hydrological cycle. More frequent and severe droughts and floods are already apparent, and their impact increases as a growing population becomes more dependent upon a set of atmospheric and hydrological circulations. Climate change will impact the extent and productivity of both irrigated and rainfed agriculture across the globe. Reductions in river runoff and aquifer recharge are expected in the Mediterranean basin and in the semi-arid areas of the Americas, Australia and southern Africa, affecting water availability in regions that are already water-stressed. In Asia, the large contiguous areas of irrigated land that rely on snowmelt and high mountain glaciers for water will be affected by changes in runoff patterns, while highly populated deltas are at risk from a combination of reduced inflows, increased salinity and rising sea levels. Everywhere, rising temperatures will translate into increased crop water demand. Both the livelihoods of rural communities and the food security of a predominantly urban population are therefore at risk from water-related impacts linked primarily to climate variability. The rural poor, who are the most vulnerable, are likely to be disproportionately affected.[…]

*Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Climate Change, Water and Food Security. TURRAL, Hugh; BURKE, Jacob; FAURES, Jean-Marc.Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011.

Available at: <http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2096e/i2096e.pdf>.

2 Read the report again. Complete the statements about it with words from the box.

a. According to predictions, ___________________ will be higher in the future and they will affect the ___________________ cycle.

b. Droughts and ___________________ have already become more frequent.c. More and more ___________________ are dependent upon atmospheric and hydrological circulations.d. Around the world, different types of ___________________ will be affected by climate change.e. There will be less water in ___________________ and aquifers in the Mediterranean basin.f. There are areas in ___________________ that depend on snowmelt and high mountain

__________________ for water supply.g. Agriculture will need more ___________________ all over the world.h. People in the country and in the ___________________ will suffer with water-related issues, but the

population in ___________________ areas will be more affected.

agriculture  Asia  citiesfloods  hydrological  people

rivers  rural  glacierstemperatures  water

Vocabulary3 Read the definitions to complete the puzzle.

a. Waste substances removed from houses and other buildings by a system of large underground pipes.b. The slow increase in the temperature of the Earth caused partly by the greenhouse effect increasing the

amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.c. A part of the Earth’s atmosphere that protects the Earth from the heat of the Sun. Pollution in the air

has caused holes to appear in it.d. The process of damaging the air, water or land with chemicals and other substances.e. The place in which people live and work, including all the physical conditions that affect them.f. Substances such as coal or oil made from decayed material from animals or plants that lived many

thousands of years ago.g. A substance used for killing insects, especially those that damage crops.h. Thousands of people going to the same tourist destination on vacation or during holidays.i. A large building that contains machines which produce power, especially electricity.j. The useless materials, substances, or parts that are left after you use something.k. The illegal sale or exchange of animals and plants by people.

4 Use some of the words in Act. 3 to complete the sentences.a. Although they increase productivity in agriculture, ____________________________ affect people’s

health.b. In many cities in developing countries, the ____________________________ from houses is not treated

and is disposed of directly into rivers.c. ____________________________ is usually taken to landfills, where it is usually buried or burned, or to

recycling stations, where it is sorted out.d. When they run on __________________________, such as coal or oil, __________________________

can be highly contaminating.e. ____________________________ is the most serious environmental issue we face nowadays. If the

temperature of the planet continues to increase, whole countries may disappear.

Grammar5 Are the sentences correct () or incorrect ()? Rewrite the incorrect

sentences.a. There was a park near my house when I was a kid. ( )_________________________________________________________________________b. There were sewage on my street yesterday. ( )_________________________________________________________________________c. Was there air pollution in your city now? ( )_________________________________________________________________________d. There weren’t any power plants in that country in the 1980s. ( )_________________________________________________________________________e. Were there any buildings in your neighborhood some years ago? ( )_________________________________________________________________________f. Due to the economic crisis, there wasn’t mass tourism in that area now. ( )_________________________________________________________________________

6 Jake is talking about changes in his family life. Complete the sentences with used to and the prompts in brackets.

Jake: My family and I moved from Springfield to Greenville two years ago and many things changed in our lives:We a. _________________ (live) in an apartment, but now we live in a house.I b. _________________ (share) a bedroom with my sister, but now I have my own room.My sister c. _________________ (study) at Springfield High School, but now she studies at Greenville High School.My mother d. _________________ (work) in a bank, but she works in a school now.My father e. _________________ (drive) for 45 minutes to get to work. Now he drives for 15 minutes.I f. _________________ (be – neg.) a healthy boy, but my health is good now. Springfield was so polluted!

I g. _________________ (take) the bus to school, but now I can ride my bike and enjoy the clean air.Our dog h. _________________ (have – neg.) a lot of space to run, but now he has a big backyard.7 Complete these song titles with There Was, There Were or Used to.

This ________________ Be My PlaygroundMadonna

________________ RosesCara Dillon

She ________________ Be MineSara Bareilles

________________ a TimeJames Brown

Somebody That I ________________ KnowGotye

Loop – Top Songs for Unit 2

Till ________________ YouThe Beatles