ESS Calculation Questions PPQ (2010 – 2017)18 Questions with answer key

Q1

Answer: (Nov 2017Q1)50 (years); (ii)With reference to Figure 1 calculate the NIR for Japan (Y).[1] −0.2 (%);

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Q2.

Answer: (Nov 2017Q2)

Q3. Document compiled by Maqbool Ahmed 2

Answer: (May 2017Q3)

Q4

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Answer:( (May 2002q3) 1 mark for working & 1 mark for the answer100x99 / 4900;2.02;

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Answer: (May 2011q4)(a) the gain in energy/biomass by producers/plants after allowing for losses torespiration per unit area per unit time / gross primary productivity minusrespiration/respiratory loss; [1]Accept word equation but not GPP - R =NPP .

(b) the gain in energy/biomass by consumers by absorption per unit area perunit time / the gain in energy/biomass minus fecal loss per unit area per unit time /gross secondary productivity is net secondary productivity plus respiration/respiratory loss; [1]Accept word equation but not GSP = NSP - R (c)

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Q6

Answer (May 2010 q4): (a) reflection / scattering / absorption / (dust from) volcanic eruptions / globaldimming; [1]Award [1] for any two processes.

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Q7

ANSWER (NOV 2012Q4)

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ANSWER (MAY 2013 Q7)

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Q9

ANSWER (MAY 2014Q2)(a) (i) LEDCs: approx 4 billion; [1] Accept between 3.5 to 4.3 billion/54-69 % (ii) MEDCs: approx 0.1/0.2 billion; [1] Accept within 0 to 0.2 billion /0-20 %/no change/stable/WTTE

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Q10.

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ANSWER (NOV 2014 Q1)

Q11

ANSWER (NOV 2014Q2)

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Q12

ANSWER (NOV 2014Q3)

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Q13

ANSWER (MAY 2015Q4)

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Q14

ANSWER(NOV 2015Q6)

Q15

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ANSWER (NOV 2015 Q 6)

Q16

ANSWER (MAY 2016Q5)

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Q17

ANSWER (MAY 2016 Q1)(c)EITHERcapture-mark-release-recapture/capture-mark-release/capture-mark-recapture/Lincoln Index;trap birds (in mist nets) and mark/tag them before releasing (m1);recapture a sample of birds after a sufficient period of time for individuals to mix;calculate total population (P) from proportion of marked/tagged birds (m2) inrecaptured sample (R) / use Lincoln Index formula to calculate total population(P)= (number of animals first marked and released (m1) x number of animals captured in second sample (R))/ number of marked animals in recapture (m2);suitable for closed population (not suitable for migrating birds);OR take aerial photograph of whole population/known fraction of population; divide photograph into quadrats of known area; count birds in a number of random quadrats; calculate total population by multiplying for the whole area; suitable for closed population (not suitable for migrating birds); OR set survey boundary/geographical range of species; divide area into quadrats; Document compiled by Maqbool Ahmed 17

count birds within random quadrats/representative area (in real time rather than from photographs) / count all birds in area; extrapolate bird numbers found to the whole area / calculate total population by multiplying for the whole area; [3 max]

Q18

ANSWER (NOV 2016Q1)

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