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¡¡VIVA MEXÍCO!VIVA MEXÍCO!
31 estados
1 distrito federal
CapítalLa Ciudad de
Mexico
Himno Nacional de
Mexico
SPANISHSPANISH
ROMAN ROMAN CATHOLICISMCATHOLICISM
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
OFFICIAL RELIGION
Industries• Petroleum
• Silver
• Gold
• Lead
• Copper
• Tourism
GOVERNMENT
• Official name Estados Unidos Mexicanos
• Federal Republic
• Independence Day September 16
Felipe Calderón
• Mexico’s president
• Elections every 6 years
HISTORÍA
Major Historical Events
• Native civilizations flourish.• 1519 - Spanish conquistadors arrive• 1810 - Mexican independence from Spain • Mexican American War• French invasion of Mexico (Cinco de Mayo)• Mexican Revolution• NAFTA
Early Civilizations Flourish
• Olmecs (1200-600BC)
• Maya (250-900AD)
• Toltecs (1200s)
• Aztec (1300s)
Maya
Aztec
Toltec
Olmecs
TenochtitlanAztec capital
1300 AD
Teotihuacan, Mexico
Olmec stone heads found in
Mexico near the Gulf of Mexico.
Spanish Conquistadors Arrive
• Spanish conquistadors arrived in Mexico in 1519.
• They had superior technology such as guns and horses.
• But the deadliest weapon of the Spanish was…
DISEASESmallpox
Syphillis
Measles
Smallpox killed thousands of Natives
Hernan Cortez,
Spanish conquistador
Montezuma
1410 AD - 1469 AD The Great Aztec
Emperor
Mexican Independence
from Spain1810
Spain controlled Mexico until 1810
• Nueva España
• Dominace of the peninsulares
• Resentment of the creoles and mestizos.
• Influence of the philosophes and the American Revolution.
Leader of Mexican Independence
Father Miguel Hidalgo
•Catholic priest in village called Delores
•Grito de Delores “¡Mexicanos, Viva Mexico!”
•September 16, 1810
•Led Indians and mestizos to rise up against the oppressive Spanish.
•Executed
Mexicans celebrate September 16 as
their dia de independencia
(independence day) just as we celebrate
the 4th of July.
Mexican-American War*
(1846-1848)*Or sometimes referred to as the United
States and Mexico War*Or sometimes referred to as the United
States and Mexico War
Causes
• Manifest Destiny– Belief that the US should expand to the Pacific.– Mexico had refused to sell its territory.
• Texas Independence– Many people who settled Texas were from the
United States.– Texas declared its independence from Mexico.– Texas asked to join the United States.
General Zachary Taylor
General Zachary Taylor
President James K. Polk
President James K. Polk
General Santa Anna
General Santa Anna
Leaders of the Mexican American War
The Alamo was part of the Mexican American War.
Results of the Mexican American War
• United States won.
• Texas became a state.
• Mexico ceded almost half its territory to the US in exchange for $15 million.
• 13,000 Americans killed.
Territory ceded to the US.
France Invades Mexico!
French invasion of Mexico (1862)
Causes• Mexico owed France
money.• France wanted to add
Mexico to its empire
Results• Mexico is ruled by the
dictator Maximilian until 1867.
Cinco de Mayo
¿Qué es Cinco de Mayo?
• Puebla, Mexico
• Mexican army defeated French forces on May 5th, 1862.
• Holiday celebrated today in Mexico and the United States.
Mexican Revolution
(1910)
Mexican RevolutionCauses• Unequal land
distribution• Class inequalities
(small group had all the power)
• Rival factions wanting power
Results• Constitution of 1917• Land reform
Profirio Diaz (1830-1915)
• President and dictator (1876-1911)
• Rurales (special police)
• Resigned and was exiled (1911)
Francisco Madero (1873-1913)
• Son of a wealthy Mexican landowner
• Became president in 1911.
• Opposed Diaz
• Assassinated in 1913.
Pancho Villa (1877-1923)•Opponent of Diaz, Opponent of Diaz, supporter of Maderosupporter of Madero
•Folk heroFolk hero
•BandidoBandido
•RevolucionarioRevolucionario
•Assassinated in Assassinated in 19231923
•Opponent of Diaz, Opponent of Diaz, supporter of Maderosupporter of Madero
•Folk heroFolk hero
•BandidoBandido
•RevolucionarioRevolucionario
•Assassinated in Assassinated in 19231923
La Cultura de Mexico
MusicaLos Mariachis
La Corrida de Toros
La Corrida de Toros
Famous Painters
Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo
1886-1957
Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo
1886-1957
Blood of the Revolutionary Martyrs Fertilizing the Earth 1926
Blood of the Revolutionary Martyrs Fertilizing the Earth 1926
Man at the Crossroads (Hombre en una Encrucijada) Fresco, 1934
Rivera painted this mural on the wall of the Rockefeller Center in New York. However, it was
destroyed after Rockefeller and Rivera could not agree on the interpretation of the mural.
Man at the Crossroads (Hombre en una Encrucijada) Fresco, 1934
Rivera painted this mural on the wall of the Rockefeller Center in New York. However, it was
destroyed after Rockefeller and Rivera could not agree on the interpretation of the mural.
Diego on My Mind 1943
(Frida as Tehuana)
Diego on My Mind 1943
(Frida as Tehuana)
JOSE CLEMENTE OROZCO1883 - 1949
JOSE CLEMENTE OROZCO1883 - 1949
"Hidalgo Incendiario" "Hidalgo Incendiario" ("The Firebrand [Father] Hidalgo")("The Firebrand [Father] Hidalgo")
"Hidalgo Incendiario" "Hidalgo Incendiario" ("The Firebrand [Father] Hidalgo")("The Firebrand [Father] Hidalgo")
Diego and Orozco were influenced by the Mexican
Revolution.They both traveled and painted in
the United States.They were both noted muralists.
They were both Socialists.
Famous Writers
• Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648 – 1695)
• Carlos Fuentes (1928-)
• Octavio Paz(1914-1998) – Nobel Prize in Literature 1990