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Southeast Asia
Three Dynasties: Sui, Tang, Song Dynasties All three brought progress and stability to
China China invented block printing, gunpowder,
participated in foreign trade Used civil service exams
Three Dynasties
Came after the Han Dynasty 581- new emperor came into China and began
Sui dynasty Lasted from 581-618 Dynasty did not last long but did unify China Sui Yangdi- second emperor- completed Grand
Canal Grand Canal linked the Huang He and Yangtze
River
The Sui Dynasty
Cruel ruler:
Used forced labor to complete Grand Canal Used high taxes Lived an extravagant life Military failures Caused rebellion He was murdered
Sui Yangdi
700 year period- used same principles from
Qin and Han dynasties Monarchy Bureaucratic government Civil Servant exams Government based on provinces, districts,
villages Confucian ideals
Government
Based on trade, agriculture, and
manufacturing Majority of population were peasants and serfs Technology: used steel to make swords Gunpowder- to make explosives Mathematics Made new economy- based on money instead
of trade Trade= silk road= cultural diffusion!
Economy
New forms of entertainment Rise in gentry Few Chinese had power Female children were considered less
desirable When a girl married, she became part of the
husbands family Poor families sold their daughters
Society
Section 2: The Mongols
Military nomads From present day Mongolia 1206- Mongol people elected Genghis Khan Genghis Khan was a strong military ruler
The Mongols
Genghis Khan’s army= 130,000 men Brought Eurasian landmass under one ruler New capital: Karakorum When Khan died- empire split
Khanates- each under the rule of one of his sons
Mongols and Military
1231- Mongols attacked Persia and defeated
the Abbasids in 1258 Kubali Khan- Genghis Khan’s grandson- ruled
China until his death in 1294 Kublai Khan set up a capital- Khanbalik which is
Beijing today Mongols expanded into Vietnam Mongols won support of many Chinese people Fell: too much spreading of foreign conquests,
corruption at court, and growing instability.
Mongol Impact
Under Kublai Khan In attack, Mongols encountered gunpowder Inventions came too late to save China from
Mongols Kublai ruled not only China, but Korea, Tibet,
parts of Vietnam
Yuan Dynasty
Chinese came to respect the stability and
prosperity they experienced under Mongol rule Chinese believed the Mandate of Heaven
could be passed to foreign rulers Chinese merchants benefitted from extensive
trade networks Mongols brought peace and order Great cities flourished under Kublai Khan
Pax Mongolia
Pax Mongolia: political stability throughout
much of Asia resulted from Mongol rule Allowed for an exchange of goods and ideas
between the east and west
Pax Mongolia
Silk Road was very dangerous before the
Mongols Traders were using it less because of fear Mongols provided safe passage along the Silk
Road Trade increased as a result
Silk Road
Disease that followed along trade routes Millions were killed Impacted the Mongols Plague began with infested rats Killed 1/3 of Europe 35 million in China were killed
Black Plague
Italian merchant Traveled to the court of
Kublai Khan Remained there for several
years Marco Polo’s writing
introduced Europeans to the beauty of riches of China
Marco Polo
Scholar from Morocco Traveled at the same time as Marco Polo Recorded his travels Traveled for 30 years- 73,000 miles
Ibn Battuta
Confucian teachings Song and Tang- Buddhist and Daoism Buddhism was brought in from India
Daoism- rival of Confucianism Buddhism criticized Buddhist monasteries had acquired thousands
of acres of land and serfs- with that came corruption
Tang Dynasty destroyed Buddhist temples
Religion and Government
Revived Confucianism- became the heart of
the state government Teaches that the world is real, not an illusion Divided the world into a material and spiritual
world Goal: move beyond the material world to
reach Supreme Ultimate
Neo-Confucianism
Period between Tang and Ming dynasties Invention of printing Used Calligraphy Most Chinese were illiterate Poetry- heavy focus Paintings and ceramics- influenced by Daoism Porcelain- a ceramic made of fine clay baked
at very high temperatures
Golden Age in Literature and Art
Buddhist themes
dominated Chinese architecture
Pagoda- temple with roof that curved up at corners Religious building of
the Far East Used as a memorial or
shrine
Golden Age: Architecture
China’s economy depended on farming Agriculture grew in size and complexity Most lived on what was produced Subsistence farming- no surplus to sell
Farming
Tang Dynasty saw the development of steel
making Cotton began being used to make clothing Development of gunpowder led to the
production of powerful explosives and new weapons
New Technology
Many women held great
authority in Tang and song than in earlier dynasties
Tang Dynasty had one of the few women rulers: We Zhao
Women’s roles included: managing family finances, imposing discipline, and supervising servants.
Boys were still valued over girls
Song Dynasty- footbinding
Women
During the mid 1300s- fell due to corruption
and revolts Mongol efforts to conquer Japan and
Indonesian islands were unsuccessful Mongol lands too large and diverse to govern
effectively Excellent fighters but Mongols had little
experience in government
Fall of the Yuan Dynasty
Known as the Golden
Horde Mongols conquered most of
Russia Controlled Russia for 200
years Many Mongol words,
customs, and clothing found their way into Russian culture
Mongols in Russia
Geography:
Japan is made up of a chain of mountainous islands in the Pacific Ocean
Archipelago- chain of many islands Off the coast of mainland Asia Four main islands and about 3,000
smaller islands Islands are apart of the Ring of Fire Land is vulnerable to earthquakes
and volcanoes
Early Japan
Japan’s islands are mountainous- land was
difficult to farm Only about 11% of the land was farmable Volcanic soil was very fertile Farming was the basis of Japan’s economy Known for growing wet rice Most of the population lived around narrow
river valleys
Japanese Life