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Ancient China:
The Qin & Han Dynasties 6-3.1: SUMMARIZE THE
MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS
OF THE CHINESE
CIVILIZATION FROM THE
QIN TO THE MING
DYNASTIES
Main Ideas
Government- Shi Huangdi conquered he warring
states, unified China, and built a strong government.
Government-The Han Dynasty took over
China and established a strong empire that
lasted 400 years
Culture-Life in Han China set a pattern that is
still seen today
”
“How did the Qin
Dynasty unify China?
As we go through the next slides, ask yourself this question based on the
information given.
A Legalistic Ruler
Under the Mandate of
Heaven ongoing wars
were signs for the new
ruler
Emperor Shi Huangdi
from the state of Qin-
new ruler (13 years old)
Shi Huangdi of Qin
He began ending battles between the Warring
States in 221 BC
Conquered rival states, drove out nomad
invaders, expanded China
Ran country as a Legalists, wiped out Confucian
teachings
He had 460 critics of Confucianists killed & burned
books (Why do you think he killed so many?)
Uniting China
Shi Huangdi wanted personal control of strong central
government
Weakened noble families by taking land, made them live in the
capital
United his lands by building highways, irrigation projects
Forced peasants to work on projects, used high taxes to fund
them (similar to how Egyptian Pharaohs built their pyramids)
Uniting China
Set government
standards fro weights,
measures, coins, writing
This made it easier to
trade and do business
everywhere in China
The Great Wall
Shi Huangdi built a long wall on the northern boarders to stop invaders
Forced hundreds of thousands of peasants, criminals to built it
Many died from hard labor, creating resentment among people
First Great Wall linked smaller walls from Time of Warring States
Predict how
this Great Wall
will play a part
in the future
dynasties and
government
control of
China.
Video 4:48
The Qin Dynasty Ends
Shi Huangdi died in 210 BC
Was buried in an elaborate
tomb (similar to a pyramid)
Army of terra cotta soldiers
buried nearby
Discovered in 1974
Q: Sound familiar?
Discovering the Qin video-2:50
Army of the Terra Cotta
Video:3:23
”
“How did the Han
rule China?
The Han Dynasty
The Han Replace the Qin
Civil War broke out at the end of
the rule of Shi Huangdi’s son
General Liu Bang defeated the
Qin, ended the war, reunited
China
Liu Bang began the Han
Dynasty- lasted from 202 BC to
about 220 AD
Han Government
Lui Bang kept strong government, lowered taxes, reduced punishments
Had peasants build roads, canals, irrigation system
Set up bureaucracy-chosen officials ran offices, bureaus
Officials were often Han family members & trusted people
To find officials, they gave people a system of tests on Confucianism
Tests helped select educated, ethical people
Empress Rules
Liu Bang died in 195 BC; his
widow, Empress Wu, ruled for
her son
Outlived her son, kept
power by placing infants
on the throne
Died in 180 BC; all her
relatives were executed.
Expanding the Empire
Wudi, known as the Martial
Emperor, ruled from 141 to 87
BC
Wars expanded borders to
south China, north Vietnam,
north Korea
Han stayed in power despite
rebellions, revolts, floods,
famines
Han Confucian
Social Class Emperor, his court, & scholars that held government positions
Largest class: peasants
Artisans who made items for daily life and luxury
Lowest class: Merchants (lowest class b/c they did not
made anything)
The military was not an official
social class because of
Confucian beliefs, but joining
did increase a man’s chance
of rising in social status
because the military was
considered a government job https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lit3HMnp-g
Video: Tung Chung-shu: Confucianism in the Han Dynasty
Daily Life in Han China
Much of Han society lived in villages,
worked on farms
Most lived in one or two story mud
houses
Rich farmers used oxen to pull plows;
poor pulled plows themselves
Simple clothing included clothes
stuffed like a quilt for cool months
Daily Life in Han China
They raised wheat, millet in the north, rice in the south
Fish and meat were expensive so most people ate them in
small portions
City Living
Han cities were centers of trade,
education, government
Cities were crowed with merchants,
craftspeople. Government officials
Entertainment included musicians,
judges, jugglers, acrobats
Some writers say the cities also had
street gangs
Quick Recap of the info
In 221 BC, the Qin ruler Shi Huangdi unified China and
ruled by harsh Legalist principles
The Han Dynasty ruled over a large and successful land
The Han Chinese way of life is reflected in Chinese life
today
Why it matters now…. Strong government remains
important in Chinese life today.
Amazing Achievements
Art & Literature:
figure paintings (portraits of people)
Paintings of realistic scenes from life (some
on walls & tombs)
Fu poets combined prose and poetry to
create long works of literature
Shi featured short lines of verse that could
be sung
Science: ancient
Seismograph (device that
measures the strength of an
earthquake).
When an earthquake struck,
a lever inside caused a ball to
drop from a dragon’s mouth
into a toad’s mouth,
indicating the direction from
which the earthquake had
came.
Science: Sundial-
uses the position
of shadow cast
by the sun to tell
the time of day.
Medicine: Acupuncture-
the practice of inserting fine
needles through the skin at
specific points to cure
disease or relieve pain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=re58c7swYAUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMWZmQth2GM
The Silk Road
4,000 mile-long network of routes stretched westward from
China across Asia’s deserts and mountain ranges, through
the Middle East, until it reached the Mediterranean Sea
Expanded China’s trade and wealth
Named after the most famous item traded on these route-
Silk
Exchanged ideas: religion, law, advancements
The Silk Road-video
Buddhism Comes to China
1st Century AD- came to China via culture
diffusion via trade of Silk Road with India
During time of government chaos and
hunger throughout China, the people
could not find answers in Confucianism or
Taoism- they turned to Buddhism for those
answers
Buddhism offered rebirth and relief from
suffering- promises that led to the Chinese
embrace its teachings
Largest statue of Buddha in
the world