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-The Rhine -
from an Open Sewer to a Living River
how to develop a river basin management plan
at river Rhine level
International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine
Dr. André WeidenhauptPresident
The Rhine, a European river
3
portofrotterdam.com
BasleBasle
RotterdamRotterdamMean annual discharge (D/NL): 2.200 m³/sHQlow : 1000 m³/sHQextrem : env. 10.000 m³/s
length: 1233 kmnavigable: 825 km (Basle-Rotterdam)
Drinking water: est. 30 millionsof consumers
inhabitants:58 millions
StrasbourgStrasbourg
CologneCologne
LuxembourgLuxembourg FrankfurtFrankfurt
4
The Rhine river basin
9 states• Italy • Austria• Liechtenstein • Switzerland • France • Germany • Belgium• Luxembourg• Netherlands
196 years of riperian cooperation atthe German-Luxembourg border (treaty of 16.6.1816):3 shared rivers in a condominiumtwo autorities Germany and Luxembourg
Changes during the centuries
1838
1872
1980
ICPREstablished 1950, amended in 1963 and 1999
MembersSwitzerland, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, European Community
ObserversCountries
– Austria– Liechtenstein– Belgium / Wallonia
Intergovernmental Organizations (IGO's)
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's)
International Rhine Commission
Rules of cooperation
• De-centralised organization• National delegations
– political mandate– technical know how– funds
• Consensus• Decisions are recommendations• Obligation to report on the
implementation of measures• Political trust, no sanctions• Neutral Secretariat
Regular budget
- Regular budget (1.000.000 €/a)- 80% salaries (Secretariat)- Rent, publications, computers, communication
•Rhine Convention•Rules of procedure and financial regulations
What makes the ICPR effective?
Organisational Structure
1950 - Foundation
1963 - Treaty of Berne
1972 - 1st Rhine Ministers’ Conference
1986 - Accident at Sandoz (Basle, CH)
1987 - Rhine Action Program
Landmarks
1993 and 1995 - Flooding
1999 - New Convention
2000 - Programme Rhine 2020
2000 - EU Water Framework Directive
Management by disaster (1)
1986: Fire at Sandoz, CH
causing the death of all aquatic life downstream (e.g. eels on 400 km)
10-30 tons of highly toxic pesticides flowed into the river
Main results
• Water quality has considerably improved
• Accidents have been considerably reduced
• The Rhine fauna has recovered
• Duration:1987 – 2000
• The Salmon as symbol
• Reduction of discharges with 50-70% in the period till 1995
Rhine Action Programme (1987)
Main elements
Management by disaster (2)
- Dec. 1993 and- Jan./Feb. 1995:
Major flooding in Germany and the Netherlands
1995: 200.000 people evacuated
Ecosystem improvement
Flood prevention
Water quality improvement
Groundwater protection
Program on the sustainable development of the Rhine
Duration
2000 - 2020
Programme - Rhine 2020
Objectives
Restoration of mainstream as backbone of the Rhine system
Improvement of habitat for flora and fauna
Examples of Measures
Permit natural flooding
Enhance extensive agricultural use of alluvial areas
Preserve the freely flowing sections of the Rhine
Rhine 2020: Ecosystem improvement
Measures (expl.)
Increase water retention by reactivating inundation areas
Maintain and strengthen dikes
Draft flood risk maps (illustrative e.g., for spatial planners)
Objectives
10% reduction of damage risks and 25% reduction by 2020
Increase flood awareness
Improve flood warning systems
Rhine 2020: Flood prevention
Results (1)
Reduction of point source inputs between1985 – 2000: ~ 60 substances
30-49 % 50-69% 70-100 % No discharges
Total nitrogen HCH ammonium dioxins
2-chloro-toluene Total phosphorous
atrazin
4-chloro-toluene lead dichlorvos
Trichloro-benzenes
cadmium DDT
1,1,1 tri-chloro-ethane
chromium simazine
mercury trifluraline
Results (2)
Annual loads of substances at the german-dutch border
Unit 1985 1995 2000
Ammonium nitrogen
t/y 37.000 14.000 6.800
Total phosphorous
t/y 32.000 17.000 13.000
Atrazine kg/y 10.000 6.900 1.200
Cadmium kg/y 9.000 9.700 5.100
Mercury kg/y 6.000 3.500 1.600
Results (3)
Results (4)
Results (5)
• Reduction of damage risks:
and depending specific situation!
• Reduction of water levels (up to 30 cm)
at Oberrhein, less at other stretches
• Flood risk maps
for the main stream and partly for tributaries, e.g., Moselle/Saar
• Flood forecasting
100% increase of forecasting period (be it with loss of reliability)
Flood prevention, progress report 2006
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
year
nu
mb
er
of
salm
on
s
Delta of the Rhine
Lower Rhine
Middle Rhine
Upper Rhine
Salmons returning to the Rhine
But still a lot to do ….But still a lot to do ….
24
National and regional states:competent authorities for watermanagementEU members (7):Italy, Austria, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Belgium, NetherlandsOthers (2):Liechtenstein, Switzerland
(Germany = 8 German states)
WFD, levels A & B for RBMP
9 international working areas:Crossing borders countries and/or (german) states
The Moselle/Saar sub-basin
1. Respect for responsibility of member states towards European Commission
2. Coordination of water management issues at the appropriate level
• river basin• working area (e.g. Moselle/Sarre)• national/state
3. Careful selection of the appropriate level in advance; special attention for upstream – downstream relations
WFD coordination in Rhine river basin district
WFD coordination in Rhine river basin district
Part B
Part A
Issues forwhole Rhine district
issuesworking
areas
issuesworking
areas
Issues for member states or states
Sub RBMP’s for national or state level
- if applicable -
Reporting to EC
RBMP Rhine river basin district
Coordination
1. River continuity and development of habitats
2. Reduction of diffuse pollution
3. Further reduction of point sources of
pollution
4. Better matching various functions of rivers
(shipping, ecology, drinkingwatersuppy,
flood protection, etc)
Issues to be coordinated at A-level
1. River continuity and
development of habitats
2. Reduction of diffuse pollution
3. Further reduction of point
sources of pollution
4. Better matching various
functions of rivers (shipping,
ecology, drinking water
supply, flood protection, etc)
Result at A-level: international RBMP Rhine
1. Masterplan for long-distance
migrating fish species
(salmon, eel etc) in whole river
basin
2. Main elements of masterplan in
international river basin
management plan (A-level)
3. Agreement on measures in
most nations/states.
Implementation is EU-
obligation
RBMP at A-level: River continuity
1. Agreement on reduction of nutrients to protect
lakes and coastal waters
2. 20 % reduction expected from ongoing measures,
monitoring and studies to see if more is needed.
3. New Environmental Quality Standards derived
(Directive 2008/105/CE and Rhine substances)
4. Not implemented in all countries
5. Pesticides difficult: much depend on EU policy
RBMP at A-level: diffuse pollution reduction
1. ´traditional substances´ no major problems (high
level of wastewater treatment);
2. New substances (emerging pollutants) become a
problem (e.g. human and veterinary medicines and
related products)
3. International working group active combining data
from all countries (PG MIKRO)
4. Measures in next River Basin Management plans
(2015 and 2021)
RBMP at A-level: reduction of point sources
Ongoing process, not many
concrete results yet
workshops addressing
conflicts with all
stakeholders
• Hydro-power and river
continuity
• Flood protection and
habitat development
• Navigation and more
natural embankments
RBMP at A-level: matching functions
Homepage: www.iksr.orgwww.waasser.lu
Thank you for your attention!