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7 Principles provide a framework for student-centered, data-informed, teacher-led, personalized learning in the technology-enhanced, blended learning classroom.
student-centered, data-informed, teacher-led, personalized learning technology-enhanced,
Potential 1
Change 3
Practice 4
Context 5
Engagement 6
Agency 7
Target 2
Humans are endowed with an inherent potential for increase in capacity, the establishment of habit, and the definition of being.
Human potential may be channeled intentionallytoward a specific, predetermined target of learning, or will otherwise follow incidentally from the conditions to which a person is subjected.
Learning is a specific type of change, which is governed by principles of: repetition, time, step size, sequence, contrast, significance, and feedback.
repetition, time, step size, sequence, contrast, significance,feedback.
CapacityAct (Do/Think)BelieveFeel
Capacity
IntentionalityIntentional:Target is predeterminedIncidental:Target follows from conditions
Intentionality
BeingCharacter and desire
BeingHabitAutomated patterns
Habit
ComplexitySimpleComplex
Complexity
RepetitionRepeated experience
RepetitionTimeTotal time, distribution of practice (fatigue)
TimeStep SizeE�ort required to attain target
Step Size
SequencePrior learning may facilitate or hinder
Sequence
Models of PracticeActivities specifically designed to achievelearning target
Models of Practice
ExternalPhysical setting, tools, objects, and other people
External InternalState of thought, emotion, and belief
Internal
CapacityPhysicalMentalEmotional
Capacity HabitEstablished patterns ofactivity
Habit
InhibitionUnpleasant sensationNegative a�liationNegative validationInterferenceResponsibility
Inhibition
LearnerDetermine own learning targets, practice models, contexts, and reasons for engagement; Choose whether or not to engage with learning opportunitiesdetermined by others, and level of e�ort to give
Learner
MentorsDetermine learning targets, practice models, motivation, and context with regard to immediatelearner needs, and provide proximal feedback and guidance
Mentors
PeersProvide a primary source of motivation or inhibition by way of positive or negative a�liation and validation; Function as participants in practice models
Peers
AdministratorsDetermine learning targets, practice models, motivation, and context without regard to immediate learner needs, and provide only distal feedback without guidance
Administrators
ScopeThe activity as a wholeOne or more parts of the activity Circumstances of the activity Expected results of the activity
Scope
MotivationPleasant sensationPositive a�liationPositive validationExtensionOpportunity
Motivation
VariedPractice context should vary as needed to promote flexibility and transfer across the expected range of context of performance
Varied LimitedUse of limited or artificial context to manage step size should be judicious and in moderation
Limited
ExerciseSpecific activities intentionally repeated to build strength, precision, or capacity
Exercise
ExperienceBroad activities not specifically coordinated with pre-determined learning targets
Experience
FeedbackProgress toward target
Feedback ContrastSimilarities, di�erences, and relationships
Contrast
Significance Attention, relatability, exertion, or intensity
Significance
ApplicabilitySpecificGeneral
Applicability
Principles of change are activated and aligned with learning targets through models of practice, exercise, or experience.
Learning is facilitated by a context of practice that is the same as, or accurately represents, the context of performance.
Learners will often engage in certain activities as a matter of habit, though they are also influenced by their current capacity to engage, as well as factors of motivation and inhibition related to the activity as a whole, part of the activity, its circumstances, or its expected results.
Learners are not passive recipients of learning, but active agents with the ability to choose how they will apply their attention and e�ort, and to choose what learning activities they will engage in. Others may exercise their agency to promote or inhibit the agency of the learner, and may play a role in facilitating or impeding successful learning.
Principles-of-LearningThe
FrameworkTM
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