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Psychological Disorder
Warm up 12/10❧ How do you know if you have good psychological health?❧ How important is your psychological health?
Definition ❧ Psychological disorders – behavior patterns or mental
processes that cause serious personal suffering or interfere with a person’s ability to cope with everyday life
Symptoms❧Typicality – is it normal for people to have a
certain behavior or mental process?o Not all behaviors that are not typical are abnormal
❧Maladaptivity – keeps the person from functioning in everyday lifeo Causes misery and distress, hazardous to oneself or
others
Symptoms❧Emotional discomfort ❧ Socially Unacceptable Behavior
o Some behaviors are acceptable in some cultures but not in others
Classification of Disorders
❧DSM-Vo Anxiety disorderso Dissociative disorderso Somatoform disorderso Mood disorderso Schizophreniao Personality disorders
Anxiety Disorders❧Anxiety Disorders – characterized by distressing,
persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
❧Anxiety for big events is normal becomes a disorder when you feel anxious the majority of the time
Anxiety Disorders❧Generalized anxiety disorder – a person is
continually tense, apprehensive, in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
❧One of the most common anxiety disorder and usually accompanied with other anxiety disorders
Anxiety Disorders❧ Phobia – persistent, irrational fear of a specific object,
activity or situationo Social phobia – intense fear of being scrutinized by otherso Arachnophobia – fear of spiderso Claustrophobia – fear of enclosed spaceso Vestiophobia – This is the fear of clothing.o Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia – fear of long wordso http://phobialist.com/
Psychological Case Studies
❧ You are a psychologist who specializes in disorders. You have 10 new clients with disorders. You must create a case study for each one. Each case study should include (not limited to):
o a background story (where they grew up, family, initial shown symptoms etc)
o current symptoms and lifestyleo how it affects them
• whereby you demonstrate your understanding of psych disorders• maladaptive, atypical, socially unacceptable, emotionally disturbing• Why are they getting treatment?
o image of cliento can be bullet-form, must be complete sentences.
Warm Up 12/11❧ What is the difference between sadness and depression?
Anxiety Disorders❧ Panic disorder – anxiety at times suddenly escalates into a
panic attacko Panic attack – episode of intense dread, includes chest pain, choking,
etc.❧ Agoraphobia – fear of being in places or situations where
escape would be difficult or impossible❧ Both lead to avoidant behaviors – public places, or not
leaving home at all
Anxiety Disorders❧ Obsessive-compulsive disorder – unwanted repetitive
thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions)o Hand washing, checking appliances/door lockso Hoarding is a type of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Anxiety Disorders❧ Post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) - haunting memories, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, insomnia following a traumatic event
o Veterans, disaster survivors
Anxiety Disorders❧ Psychoanalytic theory – result of “forbidden” childhood
urges lead to obsessions and compulsions❧ Learning perspective views anxiety disorders as a product of
fear conditioning, stimulus generalization, reinforcement of fearful behaviors, and observational learning of other’s fears
❧ Biological perspective emphasizes evolutionary, genetic, and physiological influences
❧ More likely to have an anxiety disorder if your parents have
Mood Disorder❧ Abnormal moods❧ High and lows that are unpredictable
Mood Disorders❧ Major Depression – most common of psychological disorders❧ Exhibit 5 of the following
o Persistent depressed mood for most of the dayo Loss of interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities o Significant weight loss or gain due to changes in appetiteo Sleeping more or less than usual o Speeding up or slowing down of physical and emotional reactionso Fatigue or loss of energyo Feelings of worthlessness or unfounded guilto Reduced ability to concentrate or make meaningful decisionso Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
Mood Disorders ❧ Major Depression
o Symptoms must be present for 2 weeks and almost everyday in that period
o Those with severe depression may commit/attempt suicide o Depression
Mood Disorders❧ Bipolar Disorder – once manic depression – dramatic ups
and downs in moodo Mania – extreme excitement characterized by hyperactivity and
chaotic behavior• Inflated self-esteem• Inability to sit still or sleep restfully• Pressure to keep talking and switching from topic to topic• Racing thoughts – “flight of ideas”• Difficulty concentrating
Mood Disorders❧ Psychoanalytic – loss of loved object or person in childhood
– internalizing anger at the lost item toward themselves❧ Learning theorists – “learned helplessness” – feel like
nothing is within their control to fix❧ Cognitive theorists – negative self-schema – expectations
based on prior experience
Mood Disorders❧ Biological – 20-25% people with mood disorders have a
family member with similar disordero Serotonin – low levels can lead to mood disordero Serotonin & noradrenline – lower levels of both neurotransmitters
can lead to depression specifically
Depression Flyer❧ In groups of 3, create an informational flyer on one of the
four following topics1. Solutions for relieving stress in healthy ways.2. How we can help a friend who is depressed.3. Signs of depression in teens.4. Ways to can help our school and community understand teenage depression.
❧ Use your books and personal knowledge to complete ❧ There must be pictures and tips, I will be posting them
around the classroom. Thus, they must be appropriate for school or no credit will be given.
Warm up 10/12
1. Which mood disorder includes a state of mania?2. What does PTSD stand for?3. What is the fear of places or situations from
which one cannot escape?
Dissociative Identity disorder
❧ Sudden loss of memory and change in identity ❧ Two or more distinct and alternating personalities ❧ First identity usually unaware of the other identities❧ Defense against anxiety caused by the eruption of
unacceptable impulses
Dissociative identity disorder❧ Learning Theorists see them as behaviors reinforced by
anxiety reduction❧ Some see it as a form of PTSD – a protective response to a
traumatic childhood experience❧ Research suggests that they have suffered physical, sexual,
or emotional abuse as children❧ Some believe that it is not an actual disorder
Dissociative Amnesia ❧ Sudden loss of memory usually following a stressful or
traumatic event❧ Usually they just forget the event❧ Occasionally they can’t remember name, doesn’t remember
friends and family❧ Memory likely to return as suddenly as it was lost
Dissociative Fugue❧ Forgetting personal information and past events ❧ Moving somewhere else and taking up a new identity
o New name, occupation, residence ❧ Usually follows a traumatic event❧ When they come out of the fugue, they don’t remember
what happened during their relocation.
Somatoform Disorders❧ Somatization – “body” psychological distress expressed
physicallyo Not faking an illness
Somatoform Disorders❧ Conversion Disorder – change/loss of functioning of major
part of the bodyo Night blindness, paralysis in a limb, etc.o Usually not concerned about the symptom – which makes it easier to
diagnosis as a somatoform disordero conversion
❧ Hypochondriasis/ hypochondria – unrealistic preoccupation having a serious disease
o Take smaller symptoms and believe them to be part of a serious illness
o Hypochondriao Cyberchondriao symptom checker
Somatoform Disorder❧ Psychoanalytic approach – repressing emotions associated
with forbidden urges – physical symptoms are symbolic❧ Recently it is seen that conversion disorder = emotional
problems converting to physical problems❧ Behavioral theorists – reinforcement for someone escaping
anxiety o Genetic link with developing a somatoform disorder
Activity❧ Answer 1 & 2 in section 3 review on pg 421
Warm up 12/13❧ What disorder causes the person to have more than one
identity?❧ What classification of psychological disorder is
hypochondria?❧ What is an unwanted repetitive thought?
Schizophrenia❧ A form of psychosis that lasts for at least six months and
includes two of the following:❧ Disorders of thought
o incoherent thought patterns, formation of new words (neologisms), inability to stick to one topic, and irrational beliefs (delusions)
• Ex “My father is an alien and is out to get me” “I am Santa” ❧ Disorders of attention
o difficulties in concentration and in focusing on a single chain of events
• Ex “I can’t watch TV because I can’t watch and listen and the same time” ❧ Disorders of perception-
o strange bodily sensations and hallucinations• Ex “I hear voices”
❧ Mood disorders- o making strange facial expressions, being extremely active or the
polar opposite• Ex- facial twitches…walking around in circles
❧ Emotional (affective) Disorders-o little or no emotional responsiveness or having emotional responses
that are inappropriate to the situation.• Ex- laughing at the news of your mother dying
Schizophrenia❧ Loss of contact with reality❧ Hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders
o Problems in the organization or the content of mental processeso Thoughts skip from topic to topic sometimes illogicallyo Catatonic stupor – immobile, expressionless, coma-like state
Schizophrenia❧ Paranoid Schizophrenia
o Delusions or auditory hallucinations (hearing voices) relating to a theme
o Delusions of grandeur – people plotting against them❧ Disorganized Schizophrenia
o Incoherent in thoughts and speecho Emotionless or show inappropriate emotions
❧ Catatonic Schizophreniao Hold unusual, uncomfortable body positions o Or extreme flexibility
❧ Schizophrenia❧ schizophrenia
Schizophrenia❧ Psychoanalytic – overwhelming ego with urges of the id –
fantasies become confused with reality ❧ Other psychologists – family is root of schizophrenia –
parents with intense emotions or critical attitudes – others believe that it is not the cause but can agitate the condition
❧ Biological view – 10% chance of being diagnosed with schizophrenia if one of your parents was – gene vulnerability
o Complications during pregnancy – mothers suffering from influenza in 6th-7th month of pregnancy – maternal starvation
Multifactorial Model of Schizophrenia
❧ Complications during pregnancy❧ Genetic factors❧ Stress❧ Family environment❧ Viral Infections
Activity❧ Create a chart comparing and contrasting the 3 types of
schizophrenia.o catatonico paranoido disorganized
Warm-Up 12/16❧ Why do you think personality disorders are different than the
other disorders?
Personality Disorders❧ Inflexible traits that disturb ability for a person to live their
life❧ Other disorders are considered illness, but this is a major
part of a person’s personality
❧ Paranoid Personality – distrustful and suspiciouso Other people intend to do them harm and are evilo View of reality is distorted
❧ Schizoid Personality – no interest in relations with other people
o Do not become attached to other peopleo No delusions or hallucinations
❧ Schizotypal – eccentric behavior – o Have trouble having close relationships with people
❧ Antisocial – disregard the rights of others – no guilt or remorse
o Aggressive and recklesso Trouble holding a job and paying bills
❧ Borderline – instability in personal relationshipso Impulsive
❧ Histrionic – excessive emotionality and need for attention❧ Narcissistic – need for admiration and lack of empathy
o exaggerated sense of self-importanceo preoccupied with success fantasies
❧ Avoidant – feelings of inadequacy o hypersensitivity to negative evaluationo Literally avoid social interactionso Want to change
❧ Dependent – submissive and clingy o related to an excessive need to be taken care of
❧ Obsessive-Compulsive – orderliness, perfectionism, and control
Personality Disorder❧ Complete the house party worksheet
Warm Up 12/17❧ Which psychological disorder seems like the most difficult
to deal with?❧ Why?
What is the role of disorders in crime?
❧ Usually those that commit violent crimes have a form of personality disorder
❧ Common term “sociopathy” refers to antisocial personality disorder with poor behavioral controls
o Antisocial personality disorder + psychopathy = sociopathy
Ted Bundy❧ sociopathy❧ killed 30 women❧ addiction❧ charming public life
o ambition to be governor
Charles Manson❧ narcissistic and
antisocial personality disorder
❧ schizophrenia❧ “family”❧ Helter-skelter❧ killing actress Sharon
Tate o along with some party
guest of hers
Other Notable killers❧ David Berkowitz
o son of Samo demon in neighbor’s
dog forced him to do it?
o Satanic Cult?❧ John Wayne Gacy
o “Killer Clown”o similar to Bundy
❧ Donald Harveyo “Angel of Death”o narcissistic personality
disorder
Jonestown❧ basically a cult❧ Jim Jones❧ 909 members died of
cyanide poisoning ❧ migration to S.
America
❧ mass suicide at behest of leader
❧ narcissistic, paranoid, and antisocial personality disorders
