Prehistoric- We have no written records of this time period or of these people.

We use clues like artifacts in burial sites, tools, stone and ceramic pots and clothing to learn about them.

• Hunted wild animals for food like mammoths, caribou, oxen, and wolves

• Gathered seeds, nuts, & roots from wild plants

• Used bones and needles to sew animal hides for clothes and blankets.

• See page 31 Ohio Adventures

Lived in Ohio’s tall forests Hunters that used spears Developed the atlatl, a hooked spear

thrower Hunted deer, turkeys, bears, ducks,

geese Used all parts of animals: flesh-food,

hides-clothing & moccosins, bones-tools, sinew (muscle)-sewing, teeth-ornaments & necklaces

Hunters and gatherers However, were first to grow own food and

save it for winter. Did not move so much in order to find food Lived in semi-permanent villages Were moundbuilders (many different

shapes) Burial mounds Religious ceremonies Protection forts

Sites near rivers or streams Water needed for cooking, drinking,

washing and transportation. Planted and harvested crops Lived in caves or homes made with

woven branches & grasses 2 types of Mounds Coneshaped…burial

Effigy…animal shaped P. 37 Great Serpent Mound

Hunted, Gathered & Raised Crops Built villages near rivers Like Adena, lived in southern part of

Ohio, but moved Northward Mounds were geometric in shape; circle,

rectangle, square, octogon & concentric circles (circles inside circles)

Hopewell traded more than Adena

Historic…we have written records about these Indians.

Wyandot Miami Ottawa Shawnee Delaware Mingo

Reasons include: 1. Religious Persecution… being killed

because of their religion 2. Famine or disease in their home

country 3. The desire for a better life without

living in poverty. 4. America was a land of opportunity

Read Ohio p. 89-92 Settlers cut down trees and cleared land

for towns and farms. Many wild animals disappeared. Indians caught diseases from white men. Some drank settlers whiskey and

became alcoholics and no longer took care of family..

Read & Discuss: Katie’s Wish…Barbara Shook Hazen Annushka’s voyage…Edith Tarbescu The Memory Coat…Elvira Woodruff When Jessie Came Across the Sea…Amy

Hest