Powers of the Pres. alone?

Powers the Pres. shares with the Senate?

Powers the Pres. shares with Congress as a whole?

BellringerBellringer

2Executive 1Executive 1

Today we will ...Today we will ...

Objectives Agenda

List and describe the offices under the President.

1. Self-Grade FRQ HW2. Slide/notes - Exec.

Departments3. Closure

HW - Executive & Bureaucracy Questions

Each state chooses its own methods of selecting electors

538 Electoral Votes – 270 to win If no candidate wins a majority (tied at 269),

the House decides w/each state getting 1 vote

President and Vice President on the same ballot, encouraged political parties

12th Amendment – electors select pres. & VP separately & tie breaker

Electoral CollegeElectoral College

President Prime Minister

Outsiders Not always from

majority in Congress Executive can work at

cross purposes with Congress

Leadership & Staff can not serve in Congress concurrently

Cabinet heads selected from outside Congress

Insiders Always from majority

in Legislature Prime Minister will

always have support from the Legislature

Leadership & Staff is chosen from ranks

What does it mean to have a divided government?

Why do we still have gridlock, even with a unified government?

Divided Government vs. Divided Government vs. Unified GovernmentUnified Government

Constitutional ReviewConstitutional Review Qualifications: Age; Birth; Residence 22nd Amendment (2 Term/10 Yr. Max.) Impeachment for “Treason, Bribery, or other

High Crimes and Misdemeanors” 25th Amendment - 1967

◦ Succession – death or resignation◦ Pres. disability

EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENTPRESIDENT

EOP

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Bureaucracy of the PresidentBureaucracy of the President

VP First Lady White House Office &

Staff“The West Wing”

Executive Officespecial advisory groups

The Executive OfficeThe Executive Office

Agencies that report directly to the President Top positions are appointed by Pres. &

confirmed by Senate Staffers may or may not have contact

w/Pres. ****Office of Management & Budget ****

◦ Assembles the budget◦ Develops reorganization plans◦ Reviews legislative proposals of agencies◦ Has recently become more of a policy advocate

Pyramid Structure◦ Eisenhower, Nixon, Reagan, Bush

+ Orderly Flow- Isolating / Misinformation

Circular: “Spokes of the Wheel”◦ Carter◦ Cabinet & assistants report directly to Pres.

+ President get a good deal of info- Confusion & Conflict

Ad hoc◦ Clinton◦ Task forces, committees & informal advisors report

directly to Pres.+ Greater flexibility- Responsible government officials cut off

Executive organization of staffExecutive organization of staff

Check for understandingCheck for understanding Who do you think become White House staff?

Why?

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THE CABINETTHE CABINETExecutive Agencies

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The Cabinet (15 The Cabinet (15 departments)departments) Chief executive = “Secretary” Not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution Presidential control over departments

remains uncertain◦ Secretaries become advocates for their

departments◦ Pres. doesn’t appoint people working in agencies◦ Congress funds agencies, not exec.

Appointment process & acting apptmts. have increased legislative - executive tensions

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Check for understandingCheck for understanding Why do you think there is tension between

WH staff and cabinet secretaries?

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How Things WorkHow Things Work

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Prior federal & private industry experience = expertise

Usually have their own political following Pres. may reward friends & supporters w/

“acting appointments”◦ Vacancies Act 1868: 120 days for Senate to take

action Appointments

Cabinet Officials & Agency Cabinet Officials & Agency HeadsHeads

The President ProgramThe President Program Putting together a program

◦ Interest groups◦ Aides and campaign advisors◦ Federal bureaus and agencies◦ Outside, academic, other specialists & experts

◦ http://www.whitehouse.gov/1is2many

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Is the President responsible to appoint a diverse cabinet in order to get a varying range of opinions, experiences, and viewpoints? Or should the President solely be focused on getting the best people in his cabinet? Both? Explain your opinion.

http://www.mediaite.com/tv/stewart-shreds-%E2%80%98all-white%E2%80%99-obama-cabinet-controversy-a-black-guy-%E2%80%98appears-to-be-running%E2%80%99-the-show/

ClosureClosure