Upload
muhammad-abdul-fattah
View
13
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
kuliah 10
Citation preview
FACILITIES REQUIREMENTS
Based on the queuing theory
Rules of thumb for annual throughput capacity :
* General cargo berth = 100.000 150.000 ton
* Container = 500.000 1.000.000 ton
Analytical solutions :
1. Berths :
* Exponential service time distribution (for general cargo
ports / larger ports)
* Constant service time distribution (for bulk carriers)
* Poisson distribution (for small general cargo ports)
2. Storage facilities : based on average throughput, stowage
factor & storage time. (uncertain)
3. Equipment : based on down-time, productivity, cargo
handling work force & maintenance. (uncertain)
GENERAL ASPECTS OF PLANNING PORT FACILITIES
Extreme high water (flooding of quays, damage of
cargo handling and fixed installations)
Extreme low water ( ships to leave berths not to enter port)
Extreme wind conditions (Interruption of cargo handling, Ships to leave berths, damage to building)
Extreme currents (Interruption of arrival & departure of ships, erosion damage to structures)
Extreme wave actions (Damage to breakwaters interruption of cargo handling, ships to leave berths, siltation of basins)
Aft Forward
Moulded depth
Midships BowBridge
Stem
Length between perps
Length overall
Port side
Starboard side
Astem Ahead
Min freeboard
Draf scantling= max draft
Keel
Width or Beam
Figure. Ship Definitions
BERTH & TERMINAL DESIGN IN GENERAL
Weight, Fdist, size, manoeuvrability of Che influences lay out & design of
structures, foundations & pavement.
Existing fixed facilities influence the choice of CHE.
Cargo units the choice of CHE & storage facilities.
Storage facilities & CHE system flexible.
General cargo berths : require a continuos land area or combination of
supported deck & land area immediately adjacent to
the ship along their entire length.
(Connected to berthing, mooring & CH).
Liquid bulk terminal : * CH talces place in mid-ships manifold.
* Need 1 loading platform.
* Need berthing & mooring platform.
Dry bulk terminal : * Loading / unloading through no. of haches along
the ship.
* Permanent conueying systems.
* Finger piers & offshore installations land.
Container terminal : Similar to drybulk terminals
Ro / Ro : Similar to liquid bulk terminals need only one loading
platform (Ramp).
Calculation the required capacity terminal to handle agiven traffic demand :
a) For conventional break-bulk cargo : first.
* To ascertain the number of berthing point to keep
ship waiting time down to economic level.
b) For container cargo : first to determine the area needed to
handle the annual through put.
c) For specialized bulk cargo : first to find the hourly rate of
dischage or loading to handle the ship in accp.time.
The calculation method requires :
Study of productivity.
No & size of facilities needed.
The level of service to be provided.
For development plans (basic feature) ; Terminal capacity X level
of service provided
Total No. of Boxes/year =
100
40'%1
yearTEU/No.
No. of 40 Boxes = 100
Boxes of No. Totalx40'%
No. of 20 Boxes = - No. of 40 + Total No. of Boxes
Length Berth = LoA + 20 m
Nbr. Of Container Boxes/ship =
100
40'%1
TEUCapacity Ship.
Time At Berth for land or unload = BerthNo.gantry/x gantryper moves of No.
ship/Cont of No.
No. Ships per year = ship / Boxes ContNo.
year/Boxes TotalNo.
No. Ships per week =
Ships call / week = Round up
Required Berth time = Time at berth x No. of ships / year
Available time/berth = 365 x 24 x Max. berth occupation
Theorical required no of berth =
Eff. No. of Berth = Roundup
Quay Length = Eff. No. of Berth x Length of berth
52
year/Ship No.
2
week / ships No.
berthper time Available
time berth Required
berthper time Available
time berth Required
Effective berth occupation =
No of cont through one storage unit =
CY Capacity inTEU =
Bottom area / stack = Area ratio x 6 x 2,5
CY area for full berth = x bottom area/stack
CY capacity for gantry = x % Empty TEU
Total CY area =
berth of No Eff. x 24 x 365
time berth Required x 100
CY) in days (Cont. time Dwiil
365
unit storage one ghcont.throu of N0.
year / TEUof N0.
height Stacking
TEUin Cap. CY
100
Full TEUin Cap. CY
length Quay
Empty CY Depth
For General Cargo : C = Loading Capacity
Starting from; Q (tons) Vol = = Q.sf Surface =
For Ro / Ro :
Starting from; No. of caps N N x Sf Surface( m3 / car)
Loading Capacity; C =
375
Qt
year
ton
Q
h
Vol
( m3 / car)
365
N.t
year
car
SHIPS & THEIR INFLUENCE ON PORT FACILITIES
SHIP CHARACTERISTICS GOVERNING / DETERMINATION
INFLUENCE ON PORT
FACILITIES
MAIN DIMENSIONS :
Length
Beam
Draft
Length & layout of
terminal, length of
quay, location of
transit sheds
The reach of CHE
Water depth along the
berth, in channels &
basins
Widtha & bends of
channels, the size of
port basins
Width of channels &
basins
CARGO CARRYING CAPACITY Minimum storage requirement for full ship load
Handing rate
CARGO HANDLING GEAR (CRANE & PUMPS)
Cargo handling rates Types of CHE (quay cranes & booster pumps)
TYPES OF CARGO UNITS (BULK, CONTAINER, ETC)
Handling equipment & storage
SHAPE OF HULL & MOTION Mooring & fender design
MOORING EQUIPMENT (ROPES & WIRES)
Motion of ships & their mooring forces
MANOEUVRABILITY AT LOW SPEED
Channels, port entrance, basin layout & harbor tug