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© OECD/IEA, 2007
The IEA and the Growing Need The IEA and the Growing Need for more Energy Statisticsfor more Energy Statistics
Jean-Yves GarnierSharon Burghgraeve
Energy Statistics DivisionInternational Energy Agency
ESDS International Annual Conference 2007ESDS International Annual Conference 2007London, 3 December 2007London, 3 December 2007
© OECD/IEA, 2007
A few Words on the IEAA few Words on the IEA
Member countriesMember countries
IEAOECDIEAOECD
Autonomous Agency of the OECD Established in 1974 after 1st Oil Crisis 28 Members Countries (vs. 30 for OECD) 3 Es: Energy security, Economy and Environment
Autonomous Agency of the OECD Established in 1974 after 1st Oil Crisis 28 Members Countries (vs. 30 for OECD) 3 Es: Energy security, Economy and Environment
© OECD/IEA, 2007
How IEA Statistics developed over timeHow IEA Statistics developed over time
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US$/bl
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US$/bl
Data Diversity (gas, coal, electricity)
Oil prices at $37/bl Emissions
Rio SummitRio SummitKyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol
Data Production
Imports/Exports Stocks
Data Consumption Transformation
Establishment of the IEAEstablishment of the IEA
Prices escalatingPrices escalating
Data End-Use
Socio-Economic Production
Efficiency Efficiency
Efficiency
1st Oil Crisis1st Oil Crisis 2nd Oil Crisis2nd Oil Crisis
Dependency Price
Security
© OECD/IEA, 2007
Five Annual Energy QuestionnairesFive Annual Energy Questionnaires
Other Annual:Other Annual: Energy Forecast and R&D Budget for IEAEnergy Forecast and R&D Budget for IEA
Monthly Questionnaires:Monthly Questionnaires:Monthly Oil and Gas Statistics,Monthly Oil and Gas Statistics, Joint Oil Data InitiativeJoint Oil Data InitiativeElectricity production and tradeElectricity production and trade
Exceptional Questionnaires:Exceptional Questionnaires: Mainly in case of oil crisis, Mainly in case of oil crisis, or ad-hoc activities (e.g.: Non-Energy Use Network)or ad-hoc activities (e.g.: Non-Energy Use Network)
How OECD data are collectedHow OECD data are collected
Quarterly Questionnaires:Quarterly Questionnaires: Prices and Taxes questionnairePrices and Taxes questionnaire
© OECD/IEA, 2007
Prepared in June-July
National Administrations
National Administrations
Sent at end July
Work from August to September
Sent back to the IEA before end of September
Queries
Checking the data is a long processChecking the data is a long process
© OECD/IEA, 2007
ProductionProductionImport Import ExportExport
International Marine BunkersInternational Marine Bunkers Stock ChangesStock Changes Domestic SupplyDomestic Supply
TransfersTransfers Statistical DifferencesStatistical Differences
Transformation Sector Transformation Sector (18 sub-sectors)(18 sub-sectors) Energy Sector Energy Sector (16 sub-sectors)(16 sub-sectors)
Distribution LossesDistribution Losses
Final ConsumptionFinal ConsumptionIndustry Sector Industry Sector (13 sub-sectors)(13 sub-sectors)Transport Transport (7 sub-sectors)(7 sub-sectors)Other Sectors Other Sectors (4 sub-sectors)(4 sub-sectors)Non Energy UsesNon Energy Uses
Electricity and Heat Outputs Electricity and Heat Outputs
What flows are collected?What flows are collected?
TOTAL: 95 FLOWSTOTAL: 95 FLOWS
© OECD/IEA, 2007
What products are collected?What products are collected?
Coal (17 products/categories)Coal (17 products/categories)
Natural gas Natural gas
Crude Oil and Petroleum products (25 products)Crude Oil and Petroleum products (25 products)
Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy
Hydro EnergyHydro Energy
Renewable Energy (19 products/categories)Renewable Energy (19 products/categories)
Waste Energy (3 products/categories)Waste Energy (3 products/categories)
ElectricityElectricity
Heat (7 categories)Heat (7 categories)
TOTAL: over 75 products/categoriesTOTAL: over 75 products/categories
© OECD/IEA, 2007
Latin America(22 countries)
Africa(26 countries)
Former Soviet Union (15 countries)
Middle East (13 countries)
OECD (30 countries)
Non OECD Europe(11 countries)
Asia(17 countries)
Data are collected, processed and published for over 130 countries
Data are collected, processed and published for over 130 countries
How non-OECD data are collectedHow non-OECD data are collected
© OECD/IEA, 2007
How non-OECD data are collectedHow non-OECD data are collected (cont.)(cont.)
FAOUN EUROSTAT
WORLD BANK
OPEC
OAPEC
AFREPREN
© OECD/IEA, 2007
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sep
Questionnaires
Processing
Databases
Publications and CD-ROMS
The annual IEA statistics cycleThe annual IEA statistics cycle
© OECD/IEA, 2007
Books
CDs
Internet
Free access to AdministrationsFree access to Administrations Subscription for othersSubscription for others Pay-per-view also availablePay-per-view also available
Most visited page on the IEA website
How can users access IEA dataHow can users access IEA data
© OECD/IEA, 2007
Liberalisation of the market: From one company to hundreds
Confidentiality (linked to liberalisation)
More work passed to statistics offices:More companies to survey (liberalisation)
Renewables (remote information)
Energy efficiency indicators (including socio-economic data)
Environment (estimation of GHG emissions, ….)
Etc.
Resources do not follow work load:Statistics still have a low profile, budget cuts
Fast turnover in staff: lack of experience, continuityFast turnover in staffFast turnover in staff
Problems encountered in energy statisticsProblems encountered in energy statistics
© OECD/IEA, 2007
The past situation in energy statistics officesThe past situation in energy statistics offices
20s
40s
30s
50s
Retirement age
gaining experience passing experience
© OECD/IEA, 2007
20s
The current situationThe current situation
efficiency
environment
modelling
Temptation to move away from statistics is high Young statisticians only stay a few years Not enough time to have a full grasp of energy statistics No time to transmit their expertise
Temptation to move away from statistics is high Young statisticians only stay a few years Not enough time to have a full grasp of energy statistics No time to transmit their expertise
40s
30s
50s
Retirement age
policy
private sector
© OECD/IEA, 2007
How the IEA tackles these problemsHow the IEA tackles these problems
Facilitating the work of newcomers in statistics:
Energy Statistics Manual
User-friendly electronic questionnaires
Training
Raising the profile of energy statistics and the role of statisticians
Ministerial meetings
Governing Board Meetings
Harmonisation and Cooperation
© OECD/IEA, 2007
A user-friendly manual to give necessary information to newcomers to understand/complete annual questionnaires
A user-friendly manual to give necessary information to newcomers to understand/complete annual questionnaires
Facilitating Facilitating the work of the work of newcomersnewcomersin statisticsin statistics
© OECD/IEA, 2007
© OECD/IEA, 2007
© OECD/IEA, 2007
The Manual is available in six languagesThe Manual is available in six languages
SpanishSpanish RussianRussian ChineseChinese
EnglishEnglish FrenchFrench GermanGerman
An Arabic version is under preparationAn Arabic version is under preparation
© OECD/IEA, 2007
Raising the profile of statistics and the role of statisticians
No direct link
between policy
makers and
statisticians
No direct link
between policy
makers and
statisticians
Current
Current
situation
situation
Current
Current
situation
situation
© OECD/IEA, 2007
Decision makersNeed the right data
immediatelyAllocation of resources
Decision makersNeed the right data
immediatelyAllocation of resources
Prime users of the data Advisors to policy makers Interface between policy
makers and statisticians Lobby Comments on data
Prime users of the data Advisors to policy makers Interface between policy
makers and statisticians Lobby Comments on data
The ones who do the work Should be fully involved in
the whole process Statisticians need to
understand why they collect the data
Policy makers need to understand the problems faced by statisticians
The ones who do the work Should be fully involved in
the whole process Statisticians need to
understand why they collect the data
Policy makers need to understand the problems faced by statisticians
In fact, the relationship between policy makers, In fact, the relationship between policy makers, analysts and statisticians should be more based analysts and statisticians should be more based
on a 3-way streeton a 3-way street
© OECD/IEA, 2007
On 19 November 2005, an example of how the profile of statistics can On 19 November 2005, an example of how the profile of statistics can be raised is the launch of the JODI Database by King Abdullahbe raised is the launch of the JODI Database by King Abdullah
Raising the profile
Raising the profile
© OECD/IEA, 2007
UN
Secretaria de EnergíaMexico
Harmonisation and CooperationHarmonisation and CooperationMexico is a member country of 4 major organisations
1995 1996 1997 1998APEC 2653 2903 3087 3134IEA 2741 2872 3062 3109OLADE 2722 2969 3022 3070OPEC 2618 2858 3022 3071UN 2834 2977 3166
Crude Oil Production for Mexico (in kbd)
3210
5% gap5% gap5% gap5% gap
© OECD/IEA, 2007
25 international/regional organisations
Both data providers and users
Harmonisation of definitions
Common training sessions
A joint website
Strengthening Harmonisation and CooperationStrengthening Harmonisation and Cooperation22ndnd InterEnerStat Workshop InterEnerStat Workshop
19-20 November 2007, IEA, Paris19-20 November 2007, IEA, Paris
© OECD/IEA, 2007
Objectives of the siteProvide a wealth of information on energy statistics
Definitions Methodology Units Reference documents
Portal to databases
Highlight differences and similarities in definitions
Objectives of the siteProvide a wealth of information on energy statistics
Definitions Methodology Units Reference documents
Portal to databases
Highlight differences and similarities in definitions
http://www.iea.org/interenerstat/http://www.iea.org/interenerstat/
© OECD/IEA, 2007
An easy way to identify differences and similarities.A first step towards harmonisation.
An easy way to identify differences and similarities.A first step towards harmonisation.
© OECD/IEA, 2007
The ultimate goal would be to have one questionnaire The ultimate goal would be to have one questionnaire common to all countries and organisationscommon to all countries and organisations
WORLD BANK
FAO
UNEUROSTAT
OPEC
OAPEC
?
Dream or reality?Dream or reality?
© OECD/IEA, 2007
A few Words to ConcludeA few Words to Conclude
Understanding the energy situation and markets is a necessity: Oil is the most traded commodity clear impact on global economy Surplus capacities are limited, dependency on fewer and fewer countries leads
to major energy security issues More than 80% of CO2 emissions come from fuel combustion
Responding to the ever-growing need for more detailed, timely and reliable data has at least three dimensions:
Horizontal: more products (e.g. biofuels) Vertical: more flows (e.g. end uses) Global: non-OECD consumption overtook OECD consumption in 2004
The IEA has embarked on several initiatives to respond to these needs both with OECD member countries as well as with key countries (China, India, Russia) and organisations
It is our hope and wish to further improve coverage, timeliness and quality of the data we provide to our users all around the world
Thank youThank you