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Natural Rights We are endowed by our creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness these rights are self-evident and they are unalienable Civil Rights Rights that are afforded to you based off of government law or precedent Examples: Unlawful search and seizure Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly Voting Equality of opportunity Divorce Bankruptcy

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13 th : 1865 abolished slavery 14 th : 1868 established citizenship and due process 15 th : 1870 universal male suffrage

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1896 US Supreme Court legalizes segregation in the United States SEPARATE BUT EQUAL

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W.E.B. DuBois pushed for immediate civil rights and equality. Leader of NAACP Booker T. Washington founder of Tuskegee Institute.

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14 year old boy from Chicago On vacation visiting relatives in Money, Mississippi he allegedly flirted with a white woman, 21 year old Carolyn Bryant Several nights later, on August 28 th 1955, the woman's husband, Roy, and half-brother, J.W. Milam broke into the house and took Emmitt They beat him, gouged one of his eyes out and shot him before dumping him in the Tallahatchie River with a 70 lbs cotton gin tied around his neck

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Bryant and Milam were acquitted of murder, but only months later in a magazine interview, admitted their guilt The family insisted on an open casket so people could see the brutality that was committed on Emmitt

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U.S. History Name______________ Period _____________ Directions: Throughout this unit, complete the graphic organizer by writing the causes and effects. Cause(s): Effect(s): What event creates change? What are the results of the cause? Where does everything begin? What happened? Topic: _____________________________________________________________________ Cause:Effect:

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There were many reasons why African American influence accelerated during this time African American Migration After the Civil War, African American populations increased dramatically in most major U.S. Cities The New Deal African American votes became popular during this time in order to pass New Deal policies, thus the number of African Americans working in the federal government increased.

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World War II World War II During the war, the need for workers in northern cities increased. African American population exploded in the North This caused significant voting power for African Americans in some cities Many people also started looking at the Holocaust and the atrocities that happened because of racism in the Europe. This opened the eyes of many Americans to the racism and discrimination that was going on here in America.

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The Rise of the NAACP The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People For years, the NAACP tried to fight Plessy v. Ferguson. During this time the NAACP had made smalls gains towards overturning the Separate but Equal terms of Plessy v. Ferguson NAACPs best move was to employ a man by the name of Thurgood Marshall as the leader of their legal team

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First professional African American baseball player April 15, 1947 April 15, 1947 #42 was forever retired in 1997 by MLB commissioner Bug Selig

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Topic: The Rise of African American Influence Cause: African American Migration The New Deal WWII Effect: NAACP African American Influence in Politics and sports Segregation questioned

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Read The Story of Brown v. Board of Education Once youve read the story, answer the questions on Questions for Discussion Each student will answer the questions on a separate piece of paper

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What were the causes? What were the effects?

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Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas was one of the first High Schools to Integrate. The governor of Arkansas put the National Guard in front of Central H.S. and instructed them to turn away the African American students.

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Once President Eisenhower heard about what the governor was doing, he took control of the National Guard and had them protect and escort the African American students.

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In 1955, the nations attention shifted from the courts to the streets of Montgomery, Alabama. Who began the Bus Boycott? Rosa Parks Rosa Parks

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Two major accomplishments Rise of Martin Luther King Jr. as a major leader in the Civil Rights Movement Demonstrated that peaceful protest can work. In 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that bus segregation, like school segregation, was unconstitutional.

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Civil Rights GroupsFeatures NAACP-interracial organization -Focused on gaining legal equality for African-Americans. National Urban League-Focused on economic issues -Tried to make the work place equal CORE-Dedicated to bringing about change through peaceful confrontation

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Civil Rights GroupsFeatures SCLC - Southern Christian Leadership Conference -Lead by Martin Luther King Jr. -Practiced Non-violent protest - Focused mainly on the Civil Rights movement in the South SNCC - Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee -Gave a voice to the younger generation -One of the main leaders was a man by the name of Robert (Bob) Moses -Under the direction of Stokely Carmichael, SNCC would become more radical.Black Power Black Panthers -Formed by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton -Very controversial group

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Sit-ins Activists would simply sit in a white area, usually restaurants, and sit until they were given service This became a very successful form of protest because most owners didnt want to cause a disruption so they would serve the protesters. These types of sit ins gained the approval of the SCLC and Martin Luther King Jr. On occasion, these protesters were arrested Martin Luther King Jr. told these protesters that being arrested was a badge of courage

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In 1961, CORE and SNCC organized the Freedom Rides to test the recent ruling of the Supreme Court in Boynton v. Virginia. This ride was meet with much adversity and violence.

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The country was shocked to see how these riders where treated Robert Kennedy had to eventually send federal marshals down to protect the freedom riders Was it successful? The Interstate Commerce Commission prohibited segregation in ALL interstate transportation. This included: trains, planes and buses.

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Pres. Kennedy sends 5000 federal troops to Mississippi to allow James Meredith, the schools 1 st African-American student, to attend.

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Field secretary for the NAACP in Mississippi Was instrumental in helping overturn segregation at the University of Mississippi Assassinated by Byron De La Beckwith, member of the White Citizens Council later the KKK on June 12, 1963 Later taken to the hospital and was initially refused services because he was black and died 50 minutes later De La Beckwith was not convicted by the all white jury Evars was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery

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Despite President Kennedys promise to voters during his campaign to support the Civil Rights Movement, his acts as president were slow to develop. By 1963, many Americans had grown tired and embarrassed by the amount of violence that had taken place during the movement. This would lead to one of the more significant events in the Civil Rights Movements. The Soviet Union was beginning to call out the United States on its own civil rights record

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In August 1963, 200,000 activist marched on the nations capital. Despite the fear of violence breaking out, the march remained peaceful. There were speeches, songs preformed, and many other events that went on during the protest.

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Dr. Kings I have a Dream speech became the highlight of the protest.

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16 th St. Baptist Church, a bomb explodes on a Sunday morning, killing four young girls. KKK member seen planting bomb, is arrested, but found guilty of possessing dynamite without a permit. Fined $100 and six months in jail.

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Gov. George Wallace promises segregation today, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever! Refuses to desegregate Univ. of Alabama Stands aside only after being confronted by federal marshals and the Alabama National Guard.

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Civil rights activists attempt to register African-Americans to vote

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Many southern blacks still had a difficult time gaining voting rights. In Selma, Alabama, police arrested blacks who were registering to vote. Martin Luther King decided to help the cause and formed a march from Selma to the capital in Montgomery 50 miles away. On Sunday morning in March 7th of 1965, the marchers began and police were waiting and used extreme brutality.

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State and local police on horseback attacked the crowd of 600. Police on foot used billy clubs and tear gas. They would not let the people cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge. 17 marchers were hospitalized and it was broadcast all over the nation. President Johnson sent in the National Guard and Army helicopters to assist the marchers. By the time the marchers reached Montgomery, they had 25,000 people.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964 Kennedys bill that didnt pass until after he was assassinated. Voting Struggles Even after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans still struggled to earn the right to vote. This lead to The Selma March and Bloody Sunday Because of the Selma March, Johnson passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965; a stronger law to protect voting rights.

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KING: Non-violent, passive resistance Influenced by Ghandi Black Power: proactive, militant, focus on black pride and African heritage. Term popularized by Stokely Carmichael of SNCC

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Joined the Nation of Islam and became one of its most prominent proponents. He advocated separation of the races. He became too vocal, controversial, and popular and was outcast. He went on a pilgrimage to Mecca where he became a Sunni Muslim and came home believing the two races could get along. He was assassinated by three members of the Nation in New York in February of 1965.

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Was the US Attorney General from 1961 t0 1964, then became a Senator from New York. He was very supportive of the Civil Rights Movement, not just for blacks, but Hispanics as well. He helped much of the legislation get passed. He ran for president in 1968 and was well on his way to the Democratic nomination when in June of that year he was assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan. Sirhan claims it was for Kennedys support of Israel and not of Palestine. Sirhan is still in prison to this day in California.

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Born January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the middle of three children. He led the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Battle of Birmingham, the March of Washington, the Selma March, opposed the Vietnam War.

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In 1964, he was the youngest person to ever receive the Nobel Peace Prize. He was assassinated April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. Just two months before Robert Kennedy.

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Watts (Los Angeles), Detroit, Newark Watts

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Significant losses President Kennedy: 1963 Malcolm X: 1965 Martin Luther King Jr.: 1968 Robert F. Kennedy: 1968

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It was a long, difficult struggle. One that did not see immediate results. Even President Johnson was devastated by the amount of violence that still existed at the end of his Presidency. So the question is; How would the leaders of the Civil Rights Movement feel if they lived in our time?

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Do we face civil rights issues today? Are we a desegregated, equal society? Are there other groups dealing with civil rights questions today?