BELL RINGER – 1/14 M.socrative.com – Room #38178

QUESTIONS: (1) What created emotion in music? (2) How did the orchestra change?

ROMANTIC MUSIC 2Program Music, Symphonies, Operas

SYMPHONIES! Already talked about Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9

Symphonies were now being written in the manner of Beethoven’s 9, and even further challenged the orchestra in new ways.

SYMPHONIES Schubert also wrote symphonies

Most famous: Symphony No. 8 “The Unfinished Symphony”

Started in 1822, but only has 2 complete movementsMost symphonies have 4 movements (fast, slow, dance,

fast)

The third movement exists in piano score, with only two pages orchestrated

Why do you think it wasn’t finished?

SCHUBERT’SUNFINISHED SYMPHONY First Movement

In sonata form, but almost a minuet and trio as it is in triple meter

Opening clarinet melody is VERY famous

HECTOR BERLIOZ The other symphony we’ll explore is Berlioz’s

Symphony Fantastique

It is a symphony, but it is also program music

PROGRAM MUSIC Romantic composers structured their longer works

around a non-musical story, a picture, or some other idea

Also known as “descriptive” music

Not entirely new, but really takes off in the Romantic period (most popular during this period)

The Romantic period is known as “the age of program music”

PROGRAM MUSIC - BERLIOZ Hector Berlioz (1803-1869), French

Symphonie Fantastique (1830)

Involves a single motive that ties all five movements together

The story involves a hero who has poisoned himself because of unrequited love. However, the drug only sends him into semi-consciousness, in which he has hallucinations.

SYMPHONIE FANTASTIQUE Movement 1: “Reveries” and “Passions”

Typical “love and longing” number

Movement 2: “A Ball”

Movement 3: “In the Country”

Movement 4: “March to the Scaffold” What is a scaffold?

Movement 5: “Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath” 4:00

SYMPHONIE FANTASTIQUE Movement 4: March to the Scaffold

The hero dreams he has killed his beloved and is about to be executed

The motif returns at the end of the movement and is abruptly shattered by the fall of the axe 4:00

The fast pizzicato notes from the strings represent his head rolling down the stairs

The chords that follow represent the cheers from the crowd!

NIGHT ON BALD MOUNTAIN By Modest Mussorgsky

1839-1881, Russian

“Bald Mountain” is the home of the Devil Its creatures are coming to worship it

It was arranged and first performed after his death in 1881 by his friend Rimsky-Korsakov

It premiered in 1886

Night on Bald Mountain - Fantasia

POLITICAL STATEMENTS Composers also wrote with the political circumstances

of the century in mind

Folk tunes appear in these works as themes, as do local rhythms and harmonies

The exaltation of national identity was consistent with Romantic requirements

Occurs in the music of 19th century Russia, Spain, Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, and Austria

TCHAIKOVSKY Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)

Russian (but of Western music traditions)

Went to law school, and worked for the government, but quit to play music

Some of his pieces rate amongst the most popular concert and theatrical music in the repertoire

1812 OVERTURE Commemorates Russia’s defense of Moscow against Napoleon

The Russian and French anthems are going to head to head.

In the finale, cannons fire, ringing chimes, and brass fanfaresThe Russian music triumphs!

Includes a full choir

1812 Overture FinaleThe Boston Pops plays it on the 4th of July every yearEnding (2:30)

ROMEO AND JULIET Tchaikovsky – program music without the political

overtones

Based on Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet

Romeo & Juliet (9:00)

TCHAIKOVSKY’S BALLETS Tchaikovsky wrote some of the most famous ballets of

all time

The Nutcracker

Swan Lake

We will study these in the dance section of our unit

PIECES TO KNOW Liszt’s Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 Chopin’s Nocturne Op. 9, No. 2

New Tchaikovsky’s Romeo & Juliet Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture Mussorgsky’s Night on Bald Mountain Berlioz’s Symphonie Fantastique March to the Scaffold Schubert’s “Unfinished Symphony”

PIECE NAMING PRACTICE 1. Franz Liszt Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 (7:07) 2. First Movement“Unfinished” (beginning) 3. Romeo & Juliet (9:00) 4. Chopin Nocturne Op.9 No.2 (Beginning) 5. Night on Bald Mountain - Fantasia(1:25) 6. 1812 Overture Finale(3:00) 7. Movement 4: March to the Scaffold(1:30)