BELL RINGERS – 3/5

• M.Socrative.com – Room #38178

• Questions:• 1. What were Post-Impressionism subjects similar to?• 2. Who painted in the Pointillism style?

THINGS PASSED BACK

• Binder Checks – you do NOT have to keep these (but DON’T leave them on the floor!)

• Van Gogh Movie Questions – these MUST go in your binder!!!• Behind all the Realism/Impressionism notes you have so far (what you get

today will go behind the movie questions)

• Pointillism Pictures – these are NOT getting passed back (I’m going to hang them up.) Grades are in the gradebook.

Realism/Impressionism

－－ Architecture

ARCHITECTURE

• A new age of experimentation took architects in a different direction – upward

• Late in the period, the skyscraper was designed• In response to the need to create additional commercial space in tight urban

areas

ARCHITECTURE• Burnham and Root’s Monadnock Building in Chicago, IL

• It’s the tallest commercial load-bearing masonry building ever constructed.• Masonry: built completely

of brick and requires increasingly thick supportive walls towards its base

• Built in halves (north half 1891, then south half 1893)

ARCHITECTURE• When completed, it was

the largest office building in the world

• The building was remodeled in 1938 to halt the demolition of Chicago’s aging skyscrapers

• In 1979 it was restored to its original condition

ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE

• The trend in architecture was to combine design, materials, and new concepts of space

• When all those elements were combined, the skyscraper emerged, first (and almost exclusively) in America

ARCHITECTURE

• Architects erected buildings of unprecedented height without increasing the thickness of lower wall by using structural frameworks – first of iron, later of steel

• Each story was supported on horizontal girders

• However, the concept of the skyscraper could not be realized comfortably until the invention of a safe and reliable elevator

ARCHITECTURE – LOUIS SULLIVAN

• Sullivan (1856-1924) – one of the most influential figures in the development of the skyscraper and philosophies of modern architecture

• He was the first truly modern architect

• Worked in Chicago in 1890, then the most rapidly developing metropolis in the world

ARCHITECTURE – LOUIS SULLIVAN

• Considered as the creator of the modern skyscraper

• He was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright (Modernism Architect)

ARCHITECTURE – LOUIS SULLIVAN

• Sullivan was the first to cope with the weight-bearing issue

• He coined the phrase “form follows function” and placed the demands of practical use above aesthetics

ARCHITECTURE – LOUIS SULLIVAN

• He designed buildings of great dignity, simplicity, and strength

• “Form follows function”

• His Carson, Pirie, and Scott building should look like a department store

ARCHITECTURE – LOUIS SULLIVAN

• Wainwright Building

Chicago Stock Exchange

ARCHITECTURE – ART NOUVEAU• In the final years of the 19th century, a new style

of architectural decoration evolved called art nouveau

• It provides a decorative surface that imparts a unique character to any building

• Its identifying characteristic is the lively, serpentine curve, known as the “whiplash”

• The OPPOSITE of “form follows function”

ARCHITECTURE – ART NOUVEAU• Art nouveau incorporates organic and often symbolic

motifs, usually flowers and animals, and then treats them into a flat, linear, and relief-like manner

• Parabolas in windows, arches, and doors are common

• Decorative moldings in plant-derived forms

ARCHITECTURE – ART NOUVEAU• Antoni Gaudi (1852-1926)

• He designed a number of important buildings in Spain including Casa Batllo in Barcelona

ARCHITECTURE – ART NOUVEAU• He refaced an older

building with colored tiles, adding a steep roof that flows from orange to blue-green

ARCHITECTURE – ART NOUVEAU

ARCHITECTURE – ART NOUVEAU

ARCHITECTURE – ART NOUVEAU

ARCHITECTURE• Widespread experimentation with new forms and

materials continued

• Many attempts have been made to categorize general tendencies and to label specific ones unsuccessfully

QUIZ

• This quiz is OPEN NOTE and only on Realism/Impressionism Art (both pages of notes.)• No history or architecture

• NO TALKING DURING THE QUIZ!!! You can ONLY use what YOU have.

• Turn it into the box once you’re finished.