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© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Technology Transfer in Countries in Transition: Policy and Recommendations
1. Introduction, background and implementation
1.1 What is Technology Transfer and who benefits from it?
1.2 Metamorphosis of an invention – from scientific research to a product.
2. Best Practice Examples: Technology Transfer in Israel
2.1 National and institutional policy
2.2. Bridging the "Development Gap" – providing proof of principle
2.3 Technology entrepreneurship in a research university
3. In the Public Interest: Guidelines for Commercializing University Technology in Countries in Transition
3.1 Case study on technology transfer in countries in transition
3.2 Guidelines and recommendations
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Industry vs. universityIndustry vs. university
industry
universityknowledge
knowledge
money
money
Researchers (people!),Faculties,
Administration,etc.
EntrepreneursVCs
ProductionsMarketing
ManagementStocks holders
etc.
TT
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
The Death ValleyThe Death Valley
Academia
Science
"Valley Death"
Products
Industry
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Bridging over the “Death Valley”Bridging over the “Death Valley”
Structured relations between
universities and industries:R&D agreementsLicensing dealsNew venture formation/Spin-offs
Other:Individual entrepreneurship
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
The technology transfer process The technology transfer process
RevenuesIDF
Discovery &Innovation
EvaluationPatenting & Marketing Strategy
R&D agreement R&D agreement OrOr
Licensing dealLicensing dealOrOr
Spin-offSpin-off
Follow Upon Contract
Academic Basic and Applied Research
publications
To inventors
Individual entrepreneurship
To Industry
32
1
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Academia
Science
"Valley Death"
Products
Industry
R&D agreements
Research and development Research and development agreementsagreements
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Example: ’s 4X technology Example: ’s 4X technology SanDisk's Press Release:
Milpitas, Calif., Oct. 13, 2009 - SanDisk Corporation (NASDAQ: SNDK), the global leader in flash memory cards, today announced it has begun production shipments of flash memory cards based on the company's advanced X4 flash memory technology. This innovative new technology holds four bits of data in each memory cell, twice as many as the cells in conventional multi-level cell (MLC) NAND (2-bits-per-cell) memory chips.
Tel Aviv University (TAU) had provided a significant contribution to the X4 advanced error correcting and digital signal processing technology, which was licensed exclusively to SanDisk by Ramot at Tel Aviv University Ltd., TAU's technology transfer company. "X4 took five years of development at SanDisk, and the finished product is a testament to the hard work and collaboration of the parties involved," said Dr. Ze'ev Weinfeld, Ramot's CEO. "Once we created the basic approach, SanDisk brought this to fruition by developing its advanced X4 controller and matching it with its advanced 43nm, 64Gb X4 memory thus making full X4 product implementation possible. This highlights the benefit commercial companies may gain from cooperation with TAU, building on our pool of talent and expertise.“
http://www.sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2009/2009-10-13-sandisk-ships-world%E2%80%99s-first-flash-memory-cards-with-64-gigabit-x4-(4-bits-per-cell)-nand-flash-technology
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Licensing dealsLicensing deals
Academia
Science
"Valley Death"
Products
Industry
Licensing deals
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Example:Example: Merz Pharmaceuticals and Tel Aviv Merz Pharmaceuticals and Tel Aviv University Become Partners in Novel Drug Technology University Become Partners in Novel Drug Technology
Development for Treatment of Alzheimer's Development for Treatment of Alzheimer's
“ Tel Aviv, Israel/Frankfurt am Main, Germany – July 10, 2007. – A novel drug technology to treat Alzheimer's disease developed by Prof. Ehud Gazit and his team of researchers at the George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences at Tel Aviv University (TAU), Israel, was licensed to Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH by Ramot at Tel Aviv University Ltd., the University’s technology transfer company. The worldwide exclusive license deal includes an upfront fee and milestone payments as well as royalties on future sales.”
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Academia
Science
"Valley Death"
Products
Industry
Spin offs
New venture formation / New venture formation / Spin-offsSpin-offs
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Example:Example:
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Individual entrepreneurshipIs there a room for Individual entrepreneurship
of university professors, outside the structural technology transfer process?
Is there a need for Individual entrepreneurship of university professors, outside the structural technology transfer process?
Can it be done?
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Individual entrepreneurship
Why YES The researcher feels
responsible and is more motivated
More efficient knowledge transfer to the industry.
Why NO Public to PrivatePublic to Private Potential conflict of
interest May be inefficient in the
longer term
>= >=DoableDoable, but calls for , but calls for coherent coherent policy policy and clear rules of operationand clear rules of operation
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Issues to be consideredIssues to be consideredOwnership of IP: service inventions? If YES – set up an agreement between all parties
to reflect freedom of operation vs. obligation. If no – consider the statues of future IP.
Conflict of interests, conflict of commitment: Set up clear rules regarding the use of university
resources, researcher own time resources; involvements of students.
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Example #1: Weizmann Inst. Rules Example #1: Weizmann Inst. Rules of IP: anything IS a service inventionof IP: anything IS a service invention
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Weizmann’s pipeline:
50-70Patent applications/year .
20-30Licensing agreements/year.
2-5Spin-off companies/year.
Team of 17 employees with an annual budget of €2.3M. More than €1M are spend on patent filing and prosecution.
Successful Technology TransferSuccessful Technology Transfer
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Selected Weizmann Success StoriesSelected Weizmann Success Stories
QuantomiXTM | QX Capsule QuantomiXTMQX Capsule |
Copaxone® | TevaCopaxone® | Teva
Rebif ® | Merck Serono Rebif ®Merck Serono |
Encryption Algorithm | NDSEncryption Algorithm | NDS
GeneCardsTM | XenneXGeneCardsTM | XenneX
NanoLubTM | NanomaterialsNanoLubTM | Nanomaterials
Dunaliella | Nikken Sohonsha DunaliellaNikken Sohonsha |
ErbituxTM | ImCloneErbituxTM | ImClone
Total sale of Weizmann based products €6 Bilion/year
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
With THE BEST ScienceWith THE BEST Science
MONDAY, JULY 4, 2011
Weizmann rated best academic workplace outside US
The 150,000-square-meter leafy, landscaped campus of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot has again been named in The Scientist magazine’s annual survey as the “best place to work in academia” outside the US.
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Example #2 – TAU’s policy regarding Example #2 – TAU’s policy regarding Individual EntrepreneurshipIndividual Entrepreneurship
As in the Weizmann inst., the default is that a researcher’s invention is a service (university) invention.
A claim that the invention is not DUE to his/her “service” and it is NOT a university invention is studied and an invention can be defined (by the university) as a non-service invention
* => The researcher has a complete freedom of operation (subject to NO COI/COC)
With a service invention, there are cases where the University decides that it is not interested in commercialize the invention, and the IP is assigned to him/her with an obligation to share with the university 20% of his/her income.
* => The researcher has a complete freedom of operation (subject to NO COI/COC)
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
Dealing with Dealing with FutureFuture IP IPOnce freedom of operation (FOO) were given to an
individual researcher, based on existing IP, the main challenge is dealing with future IP created by the researcher.
The policy should leave FOO together with the rights of the university w.r.to its IP.
In TAU, a specific regime where FOO is guaranteed has been formally defined, with on obligation for full disclosure to the University, and sharing revenues from activities outside this regime.
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
© Hagit Messer-Yaron, 2011
LegalInfrastructure
PolicyImplementation
Personnel
What is needed for successful TT?What is needed for successful TT?
