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2015 5 29
! ! ! !
- -
- 1 -
- 2 -
- 3 -
1.
2.
3.
[Bq] = [dps] = [s-1]
[Ci] = 3.7×1010[Bq] (226Ra 1g)
N
N N
λ[s-1]
N
0tdN N N N e
dtλλ −− = → =�� �
1 ln2 0.6932
Te Tλ
λ λ− = → = =
������
- -
• • • •
1
1GM
=2
102 104
GM 108 1010
GM
1nN n n N Nn
ττ
= + ⇒ =−
�� �
GM
n p
pn
+
1/10 10 1000 1000
10000
105m/s)
1 n n-1/2
Li
TLD OSL IP
GM 10 100
ZnS(Ag), CsI(Tl)
βNaI(Tl), BGO
LiI(Eu) n,α
-
AgPO3 B2O3 Ag0, Ag++)
TLD( Thermo Luminescence Dosimeter)
OSL( Optically Stimulated Luminescence) TLD
IP( Imaging Plate)F
Fe2+ Ce4+
N2O,C2H2
AgBr
E hν=
:
12 2 2 2 2 22
0 0 0
2 42 2
0 02 4
22 2
0 0 2
20
(1 / )
1 3 ( 1)1 12 8 2!
1 32 81 ( )2
E mc m c m c v c m c
v v n nm c m c nx
c c
vm v m v
c
m v v c
−= − = − −
" # −= + + + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ − = + + + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅% &
' (
= + + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
= <<
�
([J] [eV]
1eV=1.6×10-19J
α Xβ X
Ep E ×100 [%]
β
N=N0exp(-µmR)N0: N: R
µm
β
µm µm=17Emax-1.43
N/N0=10-4 R RmaxRmax=0.542Emax-0.133
e, m v B F=evB
r mv2/r ( = evB ( )r = mv/eB
β B
α
Si
α
Si(Li) 137Cs β
21.96 (1 cos )1 1.96 (1 cos )r
EEE
θθ
−=
+ −
E-1.02MeV
E-1.02 MeV ( )
E-0.51 MeV ( )
E-1.02 MeV
21
2
E MeV ( )
2 20 0
0.2561 (1 cos180 ) (1 cos180 )
E E MeVE Em c m c
= = =+ − ° − °
Ge 2011 3 16
Ge 2011 3 30
GM
TLD OSL IP
:
α• ) • • • • •
• • • • X