Explain how genes are responsible for certain traits that we acquire from our parents?

In complete sentences, explain meiosis and explain its role in sexual reproduction. Remember to include heredity.

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Video Questions:  

Q: What do you know about genetics? Q: What does the term “Mendelian Trait” describe?

Q: What do you know about genetic mutations?  Q: What are transposons? Q: What do you know about DNA and describe the

structure of DNA? Q: How does RNA work?  Q: What do you think will be some future

applications of genetics?  Q: What are the possible future applications for RNA

interference?    

Austrian monk who studied mathematics and science

As a boy he could predict the possible types of flowers and fruits that would result from crossbreeding two plants in his father’s garden

Curiosity about the connection between the color of a pea flower and the type of seed that same plant produced inspired him to begin experimenting with garden peas in 1856.

Made careful use of scientific methods, which resulted in the first recorded study of how traits pass from one generation to the next.

The study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of genes.

The material that controls which traits are expressed in an organism

Genes come in pairs and offspring inherit one copy of each gene from each parent

Heredity Allele Trait

The passing of traits from parent to offspring

The different forms of a trait that a gene may have

One form of a gene

Ways of looking, thinking, or being

Traits that are genetic are passed down through the genes from parents to offspring

A trait that is covered over, or dominated, by another form of that trait and seems to disappear

Hidden when the other copy of the gene contains the dominant allele.

A recessive allele shows up only when there is no dominant allele present

Shown with a lower-case letter

Both alleles [forms of the gene] are the same

When offspring inherit two dominant genes, (one dominant gene from each parent) they are said to be homozygous dominant

When offspring inherit two recessive genes, (one recessive gene from each parent) they are said to be homozygous recessive

When alleles occur in different forms

When offspring inherit one dominant gene and one recessive gene, they are said to be heterozygous

Since the dominant gene will be expressed, they are said to be heterozygous dominant

When an organism has two different alleles for a gene that does not follow the dominant/recessive pattern

The organism shows a trait that is a blend of the traits represented by the two alleles

Also called INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

For example:

The gene for the color of some flowers has one allele for red and one for white. When both alleles are present, neither is dominant, and the flower color is pink

A trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait

Trait that always shows up, even when only one of the two alleles is in the dominant form

Shown by a capital letter

An organism's genetic makeup

Outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism

A tool to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring that shows the different ways alleles can combine

A way to show phenotype & genotype

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result when genes are crossed

Letters stand for dominant and recessive alleles

An uppercase letter stands for a dominant allele

Lowercase letters stand for recessive alleles

Now you need two parents to mate, ones with a known genotype

For example, a red flower (genotype Rr) and a white flower (genotype rr). Rr x rr

Place one of the parents on top, and one on the left. You should get a something similar to this:

The two-letter combinations are the possible genotypes of offspring

They are: Rr, Rr, rr, and rr genotypes From this it is possible to determine the

probability (chance) that a flower will have a red phenotype (2/4 or 50%) or a white phenotype (2/4 or 50%)

Traits are controlled by alleles on chromosomes

An allele’s effect is dominant or recessive

When a pair of chromosomes separate during meiosis the different alleles for a trait move into separate sex cells

A trait that is controlled by more than two alleles is said to be controlled by multiple alleles

Traits controlled by multiple alleles produce more than three phenotypes of that trait

For Example:

The alleles for blood types in humans are called A, B, and O

The O allele is recessive to both the A and B alleles

When a person inherits one A allele and one B allele for blood type, both alleles are expressed

The person has the blood phenotype AB

A person with phenotype A blood inherited an A and an O allele (AO)

~OR~

an A and an A allele (AA)

Someone with phenotype B blood has the genotype BB or BO

This person inherited either a B and an O allele

~OR~ Two B alleles

A person with phenotype O blood has the genotype OO

Occurs when a group of gene pairs acts together to produce a trait

The effects of many alleles produces a wide variety of phenotypes

A student notices that fruit flies with curly wings trait develops straight wings if kept at temperature 16 degree Celsius. The best explanantion for this observation is that (a) wing shaped is controlled by behavior (b) wing shaped is influenced by light intensity (c) gene expression can be modified interactions

with environment (d) gene mutations for the wing shape can occur

at high temperatures EXPLAIN WHY YOU CHOOSE YOUR ANSWER.

Pick and answer and explain why you chose that answer.