میکند تقديم ايران کارآفرينان .خانه

Entrepreneurship

Strategies and Resources

By:

Marc J. Dollinger

Chapter 1

A Framework for

Entrepreneurship

LET’S ASK A QUESTION!

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

What is Entrepreneurship?

Different authors have different ideas!

What is Entrepreneurship?

Schumpeter(1934)

Knight(1921)

Hoselitz(1952)

Stevenson, Roberts,& Grousbeck(1989)

Cole(1959)

Hart,Stevenson,& Dial(1995)

Definiation of Entrepreneurship

• Knight(1921): Profits from bearing uncertainty and risk

• Schumpeter(1934):Carrying out of new combination of firm organization-

new products, new services , new markets , …

• Cole(1959):Purposeful activity to initiate and develop a profit-

oriented business

Definiation of Entrepreneurship

• Casson(1982)Decisions and judgments about the coordination of scarce

resources

• Stevenson,Roberts & Grousbeck(1989)The pursuit of opportunity without regard to resources

currently controlled

• Hart,Stevenson & Dial(1995)The pursuit of opportunity without regard to resources

currently controlled, but constrained by the founders, previous choices and industry –related experience

Entrepreneurship

A definition of entrepreneurship includes:

– Innovation

– Economic organization

– Growth during risk and/or uncertainty

Entrepreneurs, Now and Then!

• Small-business founder True entrepreneur• Boss Leader• Lone Ranger Networker• Secretive Open• Self-reliant Inquisitive• Seat of the pants Business plan• Snap decisions Consensus• Male ownership Mixed ownership

Then Now

• Idea Execution

Entrepreneurs, Now and Then! Then Now

In 1982, 80% of the CEO’s of

the Inc.

500 companies believed their companies’ success was based on novel, unique , or proprietary ideas.

In 1992, 80% of the CEO’s of the Inc.

500 companies said that the ideas for their companies were ordinary , and that they owned their success to superior execution.

Entrepreneurs, Now and Then! Then Now

Knows the Trade Knows the Business

Eastern, one of the first airlines in the United States , was founded by pilot Eddie Rickenbacker.

Federal Express, an overnight delivery service utilizing airplanes, was developed from a business plan written by Fred Smith while he was studying for his MBA at Yale.

Entrepreneurs, Now and Then! Then Now

Automation Innovation

Technology lets business automate the work people had always done.

Technology lets people do things never done before.

One of the most important Theories concerning to entrepreneurship is:

Resource-Based Theory

But what does the Resource-Based Theory say?!

The Resource-Based theory states that an entrepreneur uses resources that are:

• Rare

• valuable

• Hard to copy

• Have no good substitutes to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage

Let’s introduce a successful entrepreneur!

• Sam Walton was born in 1918 and died in 1992. In between, he built the largest , most successful retail organization in the world (Wal-Mart) and became America’s richest person.

His 10 well-known rules are considerable

Sam Walton

Sam Walton’s 10 Best Rules

• Rule 1: commit to your business and believe in it

Sam Walton’s 10 Best Rules

• Rule 2: Share your profits with your partners (employees)

Sam Walton’s 10 Best Rules

• Rule 3: Motivate your partners , challenge them, and keep score.

Sam Walton’s 10 Best Rules

• Rule 4: Communicate everything!

Sam Walton’s 10 Best Rules

• Rule 5: Appreciate your associates with well-chosen words.

Sam Walton’s 10 Best Rules

• Rule 6: Celebrate your successes.

Sam Walton’s 10 Best Rules

• Rule 7: Listen to everyone and get them talking.

Sam Walton’s 10 Best Rules

• Rule 8: Exceed your customers’ expectation.

Sam Walton’s 10 Best Rules

• Rule 9 : Control your expenses .

Sam Walton’s 10 Best Rules

• Rule 10 and the Most important One!

• BREAK ALL THE RULES.

SWIM UPSTREAM.GO THE OTHER WAY.

Hope to see you as an enthusiastic , Successful

and Motivated Entrepreneur!

Dr. M. Ahmadpour Dariani