Ease the managing taskGuide for problem solving & decision

makingAdvance in carrier. Realise

opportunities and meet personal and company goals.

In Business: used in all functional areas.

CBIS important for type of job.

Five parts Hardware Software Database Telecommunications Networks

Database An organized collection of facts and

information A collection of information organized in

such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data

A database is a collection of information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data.

You can think of a database as an electronic filing system. Traditional databases are organized by fields, records, and files. A field is a single piece of information; a record is one complete set of fields; and a file is a collection of records. For example, a telephone book is analogous to a file. It contains a list of records, each of which consists of three fields: name, address, and telephone number.

An alternative concept in database design is known as Hypertext. In a Hypertext database, any object, whether it be a piece of text, a picture, or a film, can be linked to any other object. Hypertext databases are particularly useful for organizing large amounts of disparate information, but they are not designed for numerical analysis.

To access information from a database, you need a database management system (DBMS). This is a collection of programs that enables you to enter, organize, and select data in a database.

Five parts Hardware Software Database Telecommunications Networks

Telecommunications The electronic transmission of signals for

communications; enables organizations to link computer systems into effective networks

Refers to all types of data transmission, from voice to video

Five parts Hardware Software Database Telecommunications Networks

Network Used to connect computers and

computer equipment in a building, around the country, across the world, to enable electronic communications

A group of two or more computer systems linked together

There are many types of computer networks, including:

local-area networks (LANs) : The computers are

geographically close together (that is, in the same building).

wide-area networks (WANs) : The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves.

In addition to these types, the following characteristics are also used to categorize different types of networks:

topology : The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common topologies include a bus, star, and ring.

protocol : The protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that computers on the network use to communicate. One of the most popular protocols for LANs is called Ethernet. Another popular LAN protocol for PCs is the IBM token-ring network .

architecture : Networks can be broadly classified as using either a peer-to-peer or client/server architecture.

Computers on a network are sometimes called nodes.

Computers and devices that allocate resources for a network are called servers.

Internet The world’s largest telecommunications

network A network of networks Free exchange of information A global network connecting millions of

computers. Intranet

A network that uses Internet technology within an organization

A network belonging to an organization

People The most important element in most

computer-based information systems Includes people who manage, run,

program, and maintain the system E.g., IT professionals (you!)

Procedures Includes the strategies, policies,

methods, and rules for using the CBIS

Types Transaction processing systems E-commerce systems Management information systems Decision support systems Expert systems

Transaction Any business-related exchange E.g., generating a weekly payroll

Transaction processing system (TPS) An organized collection of people,

procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed for for business related exchanges

Hoursworked

Payrate

Payrolltransactionprocessing

Payrollchecks

Types Transaction processing systems E-commerce systems Management information systems Decision support systems Expert systems

E-commerce Involves any business transaction executed

electronically Conducting business on-line For example, between…

▪ Companies▪ Companies and consumers▪ Business and the public sector▪ Consumers and the public sector

Example for placing a purchase order

Types Transaction processing systems E-commerce systems Management information systems Decision support systems Expert systems

An MIS is… An organized collection of people,

procedures, software, databases, and devices used to routine information to managers and decision makers

Commondatabases

Marketingmanagementinformationsystem

FinancialmanagementInformationsystem

ManufacturingmanagementInformationsystem

Ordermanagementinformationsystem

TPS

MIS is short for management information system or management information services, and pronounced as separate letters

MIS refers to a class of software that provides managers with tools for organizing and evaluating their department. Typically, MIS systems are written in COBOL and run on mainframes or minicomputers.

Within companies and large organizations, the department responsible for computer systems is sometimes called the MIS department. Other names for MIS include IS (Information Services) and IT (Information Technology).

Types Transaction processing systems E-commerce systems Management information systems Decision support systems Expert systems

A DSS is… An organized collection of people,

procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making

A DSS helps a manger “do the right thing”

Types Transaction processing systems E-commerce systems Management information systems Decision support systems Expert systems

An expert system is… A computer application that performs a task

that would otherwise be performed by a human expert

gives the computer the ability to make suggestions and to act like an expert in a particular field

Examples: diagnose human illnesses, make financial forecasts, schedule routes for delivery vehicles

Expert systems typically include “artificial intelligence” (next slide)

AI is… A branch of computer science concerned

with making computers behave like humans

Term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Draws from many areas, including cognitive psychology

Artificial intelligence includes games playing: programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers

expert systems : programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations (for example, some expert systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on symptoms)

natural language : programming computers to understand natural human languagesneural networks : Systems that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brainsrobotics : programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli

Attempted to replace humans in decision making

However did not take into account How humans actually reason Human information needs (doctors do

not want their decision making replaced, but rather want it supported)

Systems development The activity of creating or modifying an

existing business system Systems investigation and analysis

Defines the problems and opportunities of an existing system

Systems design Determine how a new system will work to

meet business needs

Systems implementation Creating and acquiring system

components defined in the designSystems maintenance and review

Checks a modifies the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs