DKUUGstd.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4123.pdfCreated Date: 7/14/2011 8:21:21 PM

ISOIEC JTC1SC2WG2 N4123L211-2702011-07-13

Title Preliminary Proposal to Encode Indic Siyaq Numbers in the UCSSource Script Encoding Initiative (SEI)Author Anshuman Pandey (pandeyumichedu)Status Liaison ContributionAction For consideration by UTC and WG2Date 2011-07-13

1 Introduction

This is a proposal to encode Indic Siyaq Numbers in the Universal Character Set (ISOIEC 10646) Thisdocument draws upon information originally presented in ldquoRaqm Numerals A Model for Encoding theSiyaq System of South Asiardquo (N4117 L209-148) Please refer to N4117 for more information on the originsof the characters the notation system and specimens

This proposal is to be reviewed in conjunction with the following documents

bull N4122 L211-269 Preliminary Proposal to Encode Diwani Siyaq Numbers in the UCSbull N4124 L211-271 Preliminary Proposal to Encode Ottoman Siyaq Numbers in the UCSbull N4125 L211-272 Preliminary Proposal to Encode Persian Siyaq Numbers in the UCS

2 Proposal Details

21 Name and Allocation

The proposed characters belong to a block to be named lsquoIndic Siyaq Numbersrsquo It was previously referred toas rsquoRaqm Numeralsrsquo The characters are to be encoded in the SMP at U+1ED001ED4F which is allocatedfor left-to-right scripts

22 Encoding Model

The most practical model for Indic Siyaq Numbers is to encode characters for each number of the primarytens hundreds thousands and ten-thousands units as well as combining number forms unit-multipliersand unit-specific marks (see N4117 for discussion of alternate models)

23 Characters Proposed

The following characters are proposed for encoding

bull Primary numbers 9 characters

71425 71426 71427 71428

1

Preliminary Proposal to Encode Indic Siyaq Numbers in the UCS Anshuman Pandey

71429 71430 71431 71432 71433

bull Tens 9 characters

71434 71435 71436 71437 71438 71439 71440 71441 71442

bull Hundreds 9 characters

71443 71444 71445 71446 71447 71448 71449 71450 71451

bull Thousands 9 characters

71452 71453 71454 71455 71456 71457 71458 71459 71460

bull Tens Thousands 9 characters

71461 71462 71463 71464 71465 71466

2


71467 71468 71469

bull Hundred Thousands 3 characters

71470

71471 71472

bull Ten Millions 2 characters

71473

71474

bull Combining Numbers 9 characters

bull Fractions 3 characters

71487 71488 71489

bull Currency signs 1 character

71490

24 Character Names

Names for the Indic Siyaq Numbers are assigned to reflect numeric values

3


3 The Notation System

31 Structure

Indic Siyaq Numbers represent units of a decimal positional system The notation system is additive thevalue of a numerical sequence is the sum of the values of the numbers that constitute it There is no characterfor zero which is inherent in the independent numbers for each decimal order

32 Directionality

The numbers are written right-to-left in the regular manner of the Arabic script which differs from the left-to-right directionality of the Arabic-Indic digits

33 Orthography

Indic Siyaq Numbers are written according to the rules for expressing numbers in Arabic as well as in Urdu

bull Independent Numbers The primary tens hundreds thousands and ten-thousands orders are writtenusing independent numbers Higher decimal orders are represented using either independent numbersor sequences of numbers

1 Hundred thousands Expressed as lsquoone nine lakhsrsquo There are distinct characters for71470

and71471 The remaining numbers are writtenusing regular followed by71472 eg 30000071427

2 Primary millions Expressed as lsquoten ninety lakhsrsquo The primary millions are written usingthe combining form of the primary numbers and the combining forms of and followed by71472 eg 30000007147271477 See Section 35 for details

3 Ten millions Expressed as lsquoone nine karorrsquo 10000000 is written using the sequence lt71475 + 71473 gt eg 7147371475 20000000 is written usingthe distinct character71474 All other values are indicated using the regularnumbers followed by71473 eg 300000007147371427

bull Composite Numbers Composite numbers are written in two ways

1 The combining forms of the primary numbers and certain tens ( and ) are usedin composite numbers of the same decimal order The numbers are transposed with the primarynumber written before the larger numeral This rule governs the writing of numbers such as 117143471475 127143471476 137143471477 110007146171475 120007146171476 130007146171477 etc

2 The independent form of the primary number is used in composite numbers of different decimalorders The numbers are written in the regular order with the larger number preceding the primarynumber This rule governs the writing of numbers such as 1017142571443 1027142671443 1037142771443 10017142571452 10027142671452 10037142771452 1100 71452 1200 71452 1300 71452 etc

bull Fractions There are three signs for representing fractions 71487 71488 71489 The fraction signs are written after numbers 1frac34 7148971425

4


bull Placeholder Mark The 71486 indicates the absence of numbers It is written withthe thousands and ten thousands when they appear in isolation eg 5000 71456 50000 71465

bull Currency Sign The 71490 is used for currency notation It represents the rupee and its sub-units such as the آ ānā and pāī The mark is written after a number Rs 50 7149071438 The ānā iswritten using Arabic-Indic digits As 5 71490٥ The pāī is written using fractions Ps 1 7149071487

34 Rendering

Certain sequences of Indic Siyaq Numbers have special rendering requirements

1 Combining Forms Combining forms are positioned below the following number The location isdependent upon the shape of the combining number eg 117143471475 157143471479 167143471480

2 Hundreds When hundreds are written with thousands the character for the hundreds is placed withinthe bowl of the thousands 1500 71452 1900 71452 15500 7146171479

35 Notes on Proposed Characters

The Indic Siyaq system has combining forms for the primary units and tens Combining forms of the primaryunits are used for writing composite numbers

The combining forms of tens are used in writing millions which are expressed as lsquotens of lakhsrsquo

Several combining forms for the tens are graphically identical to that of the corresponding primary unit

Primary Tens

1

2

3

Primary Tens

4

5

6

Primary Tens

7

8

9

Distinct combining forms for the primary and tens exist for multiples of 1 2 8 Compare 117143471475 and lsquo10lakhrsquo7147271476 227143471476 and lsquo20 lakhrsquo7147271484 887143471482 and lsquo80 lakhrsquo7147271485 Note that the combining form of isgraphically identical to

Only the graphically distinct combining forms have been proposed for encoding This consists of the fullset of combining forms for the primary units but only two combining forms for the tens and With this model and are used for representing both primary units andtens and are used distinctively and is used for combining ten

5


The drawback to using combining forms of the primary units for also representing tens is that the identity ofthe number is known only through context and not through character semantics For instance the - in the number7147271476 represents lsquo10rsquo visually but has the decimal value lsquo2rsquo as specifiedin its properties

36 Character Properties

1ED01INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONENo0AN1N1ED02INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWONo0AN2N1ED03INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREENo0AN3N1ED04INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOURNo0AN4N1ED05INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVENo0AN5N1ED06INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIXNo0AN6N1ED07INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENNo0AN7N1ED08INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTNo0AN8N1ED09INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINENo0AN9N1ED0AINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TENNo0AN10N1ED0BINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTYNo0AN20N1ED0CINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTYNo0AN30N1ED0DINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FORTYNo0AN40N1ED0EINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTYNo0AN50N1ED0FINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTYNo0AN60N1ED10INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTYNo0AN70N1ED11INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTYNo0AN80N1ED12INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINETYNo0AN90N1ED13INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE HUNDREDNo0AN100N1ED14INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO HUNDREDNo0AN200N1ED15INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREE HUNDREDNo0AN300N1ED16INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR HUNDREDNo0AN400N1ED17INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE HUNDREDNo0AN500N1ED18INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIX HUNDREDNo0AN600N1ED19INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN HUNDREDNo0AN700N1ED1AINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT HUNDREDNo0AN800N1ED1BINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINE HUNDREDNo0AN900N1ED1CINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE THOUSANDNo0AN1000N1ED1DINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO THOUSANDNo0AN2000N1ED1EINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREE THOUSANDNo0AN3000N1ED1FINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR THOUSANDNo0AN4000N1ED20INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE THOUSANDNo0AN5000N1ED21INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIX THOUSANDNo0AN6000N1ED22INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN THOUSANDNo0AN7000N1ED23INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT THOUSANDNo0AN8000N1ED24INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINE THOUSANDNo0AN9000N1ED25INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TEN THOUSANDNo0AN10000N1ED26INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY THOUSANDNo0AN20000N1ED27INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTY THOUSANDNo0AN30000N1ED28INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FORTY THOUSANDNo0AN40000N1ED29INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTY THOUSANDNo0AN50000N1ED2AINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTY THOUSANDNo0AN60000N1ED2BINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTY THOUSANDNo0AN70000N1ED2CINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTY THOUSANDNo0AN80000N1ED2DINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY THOUSANDNo0AN90000N1ED2EINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE HUNDRED THOUSANDNo0AN100000N1ED2FINDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO HUNDRED THOUSANDNo0AN200000N1ED30INDIC SIYAQ HUNDRED THOUSANDS MARKNo0AN100000N1ED31INDIC SIYAQ TEN MILLIONS MARKNo0AN1000000N1ED32INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY MILLIONNo0AN20000000N1ED33INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER ONENo0AN1N1ED34INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER TWONo0AN2N

6


1ED35INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER THREENo0AN3N1ED36INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER FOURNo0AN4N1ED37INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER FIVENo0AN5N1ED38INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER SIXNo0AN6N1ED39INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER SEVENNo0AN7N1ED3AINDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER EIGHTNo0AN8N1ED3BINDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER NINENo0AN9N1ED3CINDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER TWENTYNo0AN20N1ED3DINDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER EIGHTYNo0AN80N1ED3EINDIC SIYAQ PLACEHOLDER MARKSo0LN1ED3FINDIC SIYAQ FRACTION ONE QUARTERNo0AL14N1ED40INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION ONE HALFNo0AL12N1ED41INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION THREE QUARTERSNo0L34N1ED42INDIC SIYAQ RUPEE MARKSc0ALN

37 Confusion Data

Given below are Arabic sequences that may mimic Indic Siyaq Numbers

NUMBER ONE AIN DOTLESS BEH SADNUMBER TWO AIN DOTLESS BEH SAD ALEFNUMBER THREE DOTLESS BEH DOTLESS BEH YEH BARREENUMBER FOUR LAM LAM AINNUMBER FIVE SAD HEH GOALNUMBER SIX LAM YEH BARREENUMBER SEVEN HEH GOAL AINNUMBER EIGHT HEH GOAL YEH BARREENUMBER NINE LAM AINNUMBER TEN AIN NOON GHUNNANUMBER TWENTY AIN DOTLESS BEH NOON GHUNNANUMBER THIRTY DOTLESS BEH DOTLESS BEH NOON GHUNNANUMBER FORTY LAM LAM AIN NOON GHUNNANUMBER FIFTY SAD NOON GHUNNANUMBER SIXTY TATWEEL NOON GHUNNANUMBER SEVENTY HEH GOAL AIN NOON GHUNNANUMBER EIGHTY LAM NOON GHUNNANUMBER NINETY LAM AIN NOON GHUNNANUMBER ONE HUNDRED MEEM ALEFNUMBER TWO HUNDRED MEEM ALEF LAM HEH GOALNUMBER THREE HUNDRED SEEN MEEM ALEFNUMBER FOUR HUNDRED ALEF AIN MEEM ALEFNUMBER FIVE HUNDRED SAD MEEM ALEFNUMBER SIX HUNDRED SEEN TATWEEL MEEM ALEFNUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED LAM MEEM ALEFNUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED LAM MEEM ALEFNUMBER NINE HUNDRED LAAM AIN MEEM ALEFNUMBER ONE THOUSAND ALEF LAM TATWEELNUMBER TWO THOUSAND AIN DOTLESS BEH TATWEELNUMBER THREE THOUSAND DOTLESS BEH DOTLESS BEH TATWEELNUMBER FOUR THOUSAND LAM LAM AIN TATWEELNUMBER FIVE THOUSAND SAD TATWEELNUMBER SIX THOUSAND SEEN TATWEELNUMBER SEVEN THOUSAND HEH GOAL AIN TATWEELNUMBER EIGHT THOUSAND HEH GOAL TATWEELNUMBER NINE THOUSAND LAM AIN TATWEELNUMBER TEN THOUSAND AIN TATWEELNUMBER TWENTY THOUSAND AIN DOTLESS BEH TATWEELNUMBER THIRTY THOUSAND DOTLESS BEH DOTLESS BEH TATWEELNUMBER FORTY THOUSAND LAM LAM AIN TATWEELNUMBER FIFTY THOUSAND SAD TATWEEL

7


NUMBER SIXTY THOUSAND SEEN TATWEELNUMBER SEVENTY THOUSAND HEH GOAL AIN TATWEELNUMBER EIGHTY THOUSAND HEH GOAL TATWEELNUMBER NINETY THOUSAND LAM AIN TATWEELNUMBER ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND LAM KEHEH HEH GOALNUMBER TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND LAM KEHEH HEH GOAL ALEF NOONHUNDRED THOUSANDS MARK LAM KEHEHTEN MILLIONS MARK KEHEH REH WAW REHNUMBER TWENTY MILLION KEHEH REH WAW REH ALEF NOONCOMBINING NUMBER ONE LAM HEH GOALCOMBINING NUMBER TWO AIN TATWEELCOMBINING NUMBER THREE DOTLESS BEH DOTLESS BEH TATWEELCOMBINING NUMBER FOUR LAM LAM AIN TATWEELCOMBINING NUMBER FIVE SAD TATWEELCOMBINING NUMBER SIX SEEN TATWEELCOMBINING NUMBER SEVEN HEH GOAL AIN TATWEELCOMBINING NUMBER EIGHT HEH GOAL TATWEELCOMBINING NUMBER NINE LAM AIN TATWEELCOMBINING NUMBER TWENTY AIN DOTLESS BEH TATWEELCOMBINING NUMBER EIGHTY LAM TATWEELPLACEHOLDER MARK SHADDAFRACTION ONE QUARTER FULL STOPFRACTION ONE HALF EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZEROFRACTION THREE QUARTERS FULL STOP EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERORUPEE MARK DATE SEPARATOR

4 References

Gladwin Francis 1790 ACompendious System of Bengal Revenue Accounts In three parts Part I CalcuttaManuel Cantopher

Pandey Anshuman 2009 ldquoRaqm Numerals A Model for Encoding the Siyaq System of South AsiardquoISOIEC JTC1SC2WG2N4117L209-148 httpstddkuugdkJTC1SC2WG2docsn4117pdf

mdashmdashmdash 2011a ldquoPreliminary Proposal to Encode Diwani Siyaq Numbers in the UCSrdquo N4122 L211-269httpstddkuugdkJTC1SC2WG2docsn4122pdf

mdashmdashmdash 2011b ldquoPreliminary Proposal to Encode Ottoman Siyaq Numbers in the UCSrdquo N4124 L211-271httpstddkuugdkJTC1SC2WG2docsn4124pdf

mdashmdashmdash 2011c ldquoPreliminary Proposal to Encode Persian Siyaq Numbers in the UCSrdquo N4125 L211-272httpstddkuugdkJTC1SC2WG2docsn4125pdf

Wikimedia 2010 ldquo1940 Bank of Hyderabad 10 Rupeesrdquo httpenwikipediaorgwikiFile1940_Bank_of_Hyderabad_10_Rupeesjpg

5 Acknowledgments

This project was made possible in part by a grant from the United States National Endowment for the Hu-manities which funded the Universal Scripts Project (part of the Script Encoding Initiative at the Universityof California Berkeley) Any views findings conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publicationdo not necessarily reflect those of the National Endowment of the Humanities

8


Printed using UniBooktrade(httpwwwunicodeorgunibook)

Date 14-Jul-2011 1

1ED4FIndic Siyaq Numbers1ED00

1ED0 1ED1 1ED2 1ED3 1ED4

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1ED01

1ED02

1ED03

1ED04

1ED05

1ED06

1ED07

1ED08

1ED09

1ED0A

1ED0B

1ED0C

1ED0D

1ED0E

1ED0F

1ED10

1ED11

1ED12

1ED13

1ED14

1ED15

1ED16

1ED17

1ED18

1ED19

1ED1A

1ED1B

1ED1C

1ED1D

1ED1E

1ED1F

1ED20

1ED21

1ED22

1ED23

1ED24

1ED25

1ED26

1ED27

1ED28

1ED29

1ED2A

1ED2B

1ED2C

1ED2D

1ED2E

1ED2F

1ED30

1ED31

1ED32

1ED33

1ED34

1ED35

1ED36

1ED37

1ED38

1ED39

1ED3A

1ED3B

1ED3C

1ED3D

1ED3E

1ED3F

1ED40

1ED41

1ED42

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F

Figure 1 Proposed code chart for Indic Siyaq Numbers

9



Date 14-Jul-2011 2

1ED42Indic Siyaq Numbers1ED01

Millions1--9 million is written using primary units and the hundred-thousands mark1ED31 INDIC SIYAQ TEN MILLIONS MARK

= karor 100 lakhsbull written with primary units to express 30--90

million1ED32 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY MILLION

= two karor 200 lakhs

Combining Forms1ED33 $ INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER ONE1ED34 $ INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER TWO

bull represents 10 when writing lakhs1ED35 $ INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER THREE

bull represents 30 when writing lakhs1ED36 $ INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER FOUR

bull represents 40 when writing lakhs1ED37 $ INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER FIVE

bull represents 50 when writing lakhs1ED38 $ INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER SIX

bull represents 60 when writing lakhs1ED39 $ INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER SEVEN

bull represents 70 when writing lakhs1ED3A $ INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER EIGHT1ED3B $ INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER NINE

bull represents 90 when writing lakhs1ED3C $ INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER TWENTY1ED3D $ INDIC SIYAQ COMBINING NUMBER EIGHTY

Placeholder Mark1ED3E INDIC SIYAQ PLACEHOLDER MARK

Fractions1ED3F INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION ONE QUARTER1ED40 INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION ONE HALF1ED41 INDIC SIYAQ FRACTION THREE QUARTERS

Currency Sign1ED42 INDIC SIYAQ RUPEE SIGN

The Indic Siyaq Numbers are also known in South Asia as Raqm or Rakam numbers

Primary Units1ED01 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE1ED02 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO1ED03 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREE1ED04 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR1ED05 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE1ED06 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIX1ED07 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN1ED08 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT1ED09 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINE

Tens1ED0A INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TEN1ED0B INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY1ED0C INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTY1ED0D INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FORTY1ED0E INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTY1ED0F INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTY1ED10 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTY1ED11 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTY1ED12 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY

Hundreds1ED13 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE HUNDRED1ED14 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO HUNDRED1ED15 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREE HUNDRED1ED16 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR HUNDRED1ED17 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE HUNDRED1ED18 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIX HUNDRED1ED19 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN HUNDRED1ED1A INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED1ED1B INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINE HUNDRED

Thousands1ED1C INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE THOUSAND1ED1D INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO THOUSAND1ED1E INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THREE THOUSAND1ED1F INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FOUR THOUSAND1ED20 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIVE THOUSAND1ED21 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIX THOUSAND1ED22 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVEN THOUSAND1ED23 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHT THOUSAND1ED24 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINE THOUSAND1ED25 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TEN THOUSAND1ED26 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWENTY THOUSAND1ED27 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER THIRTY THOUSAND1ED28 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FORTY THOUSAND1ED29 INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER FIFTY THOUSAND1ED2A INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SIXTY THOUSAND1ED2B INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER SEVENTY THOUSAND1ED2C INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER EIGHTY THOUSAND1ED2D INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER NINETY THOUSAND1ED2E INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND

= one lakh1ED2F INDIC SIYAQ NUMBER TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND

= two lakhs1ED30 INDIC SIYAQ HUNDRED THOUSANDS MARK

= lakh multiplierbull written with combining forms of primary units

Figure 2 Proposed names list for Indic Siyaq Numbers

10


Figure 3 A one-rupee note from Hyderabad State showing text written in Indic Siyaq TeluguKannada Devanagari Arabic and Latin The number 71425 is shown in the upper right-handcorner of the reverse Image courtesy of Rezwan Rezack

11


Figure 4 A ten-rupee note from Hyderabad State showing text written in Indic Siyaq TeluguKannada Devanagari Arabic and Latin (from Wikimedia 2010) The number71434 is shownin the center of the reverse

12


Figure 5 Revenue record from Bengal containing Indic Siyaq Numbers (from Gladwin 1790 46)Note the ascending vertical manner of writing the Siyaq numbers and the placement of small cur-rency values beneath the numbers

13


Figure 6 Another revenue record from Bengal containing Indic Siyaq Numbers (from Gladwin1790 63) Note the ascending vertical manner of writing the Siyaq numbers and the placement ofsmall currency values beneath the numbers

14


71429 71430 71431 71432 71433

bull Tens 9 characters

71434 71435 71436 71437 71438 71439 71440 71441 71442

bull Hundreds 9 characters

71443 71444 71445 71446 71447 71448 71449 71450 71451

bull Thousands 9 characters

71452 71453 71454 71455 71456 71457 71458 71459 71460

bull Tens Thousands 9 characters

71461 71462 71463 71464 71465 71466

2


71467 71468 71469


71470

71471 71472


71473

71474



71487 71488 71489


71490

24 Character Names


3



31 Structure


32 Directionality


33 Orthography











4




34 Rendering








Primary Tens

1

2

3

Primary Tens

4

5

6

Primary Tens

7

8

9



5





6



37 Confusion Data



7



4 References







5 Acknowledgments


8



Date 14-Jul-2011 1



$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1ED01

1ED02

1ED03

1ED04

1ED05

1ED06

1ED07

1ED08

1ED09

1ED0A

1ED0B

1ED0C

1ED0D

1ED0E

1ED0F

1ED10

1ED11

1ED12

1ED13

1ED14

1ED15

1ED16

1ED17

1ED18

1ED19

1ED1A

1ED1B

1ED1C

1ED1D

1ED1E

1ED1F

1ED20

1ED21

1ED22

1ED23

1ED24

1ED25

1ED26

1ED27

1ED28

1ED29

1ED2A

1ED2B

1ED2C

1ED2D

1ED2E

1ED2F

1ED30

1ED31

1ED32

1ED33

1ED34

1ED35

1ED36

1ED37

1ED38

1ED39

1ED3A

1ED3B

1ED3C

1ED3D

1ED3E

1ED3F

1ED40

1ED41

1ED42

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F


9



Date 14-Jul-2011 2


























10



11



12



13



14


71467 71468 71469


71470

71471 71472


71473

71474



71487 71488 71489


71490

24 Character Names


3



31 Structure


32 Directionality


33 Orthography











4




34 Rendering








Primary Tens

1

2

3

Primary Tens

4

5

6

Primary Tens

7

8

9



5





6



37 Confusion Data



7



4 References







5 Acknowledgments


8



Date 14-Jul-2011 1



$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1ED01

1ED02

1ED03

1ED04

1ED05

1ED06

1ED07

1ED08

1ED09

1ED0A

1ED0B

1ED0C

1ED0D

1ED0E

1ED0F

1ED10

1ED11

1ED12

1ED13

1ED14

1ED15

1ED16

1ED17

1ED18

1ED19

1ED1A

1ED1B

1ED1C

1ED1D

1ED1E

1ED1F

1ED20

1ED21

1ED22

1ED23

1ED24

1ED25

1ED26

1ED27

1ED28

1ED29

1ED2A

1ED2B

1ED2C

1ED2D

1ED2E

1ED2F

1ED30

1ED31

1ED32

1ED33

1ED34

1ED35

1ED36

1ED37

1ED38

1ED39

1ED3A

1ED3B

1ED3C

1ED3D

1ED3E

1ED3F

1ED40

1ED41

1ED42

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F


9



Date 14-Jul-2011 2


























10



11



12



13



14



31 Structure


32 Directionality


33 Orthography











4




34 Rendering








Primary Tens

1

2

3

Primary Tens

4

5

6

Primary Tens

7

8

9



5





6



37 Confusion Data



7



4 References







5 Acknowledgments


8



Date 14-Jul-2011 1



$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1ED01

1ED02

1ED03

1ED04

1ED05

1ED06

1ED07

1ED08

1ED09

1ED0A

1ED0B

1ED0C

1ED0D

1ED0E

1ED0F

1ED10

1ED11

1ED12

1ED13

1ED14

1ED15

1ED16

1ED17

1ED18

1ED19

1ED1A

1ED1B

1ED1C

1ED1D

1ED1E

1ED1F

1ED20

1ED21

1ED22

1ED23

1ED24

1ED25

1ED26

1ED27

1ED28

1ED29

1ED2A

1ED2B

1ED2C

1ED2D

1ED2E

1ED2F

1ED30

1ED31

1ED32

1ED33

1ED34

1ED35

1ED36

1ED37

1ED38

1ED39

1ED3A

1ED3B

1ED3C

1ED3D

1ED3E

1ED3F

1ED40

1ED41

1ED42

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F


9



Date 14-Jul-2011 2


























10



11



12



13



14




34 Rendering








Primary Tens

1

2

3

Primary Tens

4

5

6

Primary Tens

7

8

9



5





6



37 Confusion Data



7



4 References







5 Acknowledgments


8



Date 14-Jul-2011 1



$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1ED01

1ED02

1ED03

1ED04

1ED05

1ED06

1ED07

1ED08

1ED09

1ED0A

1ED0B

1ED0C

1ED0D

1ED0E

1ED0F

1ED10

1ED11

1ED12

1ED13

1ED14

1ED15

1ED16

1ED17

1ED18

1ED19

1ED1A

1ED1B

1ED1C

1ED1D

1ED1E

1ED1F

1ED20

1ED21

1ED22

1ED23

1ED24

1ED25

1ED26

1ED27

1ED28

1ED29

1ED2A

1ED2B

1ED2C

1ED2D

1ED2E

1ED2F

1ED30

1ED31

1ED32

1ED33

1ED34

1ED35

1ED36

1ED37

1ED38

1ED39

1ED3A

1ED3B

1ED3C

1ED3D

1ED3E

1ED3F

1ED40

1ED41

1ED42

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F


9



Date 14-Jul-2011 2


























10



11



12



13



14





6



37 Confusion Data



7



4 References







5 Acknowledgments


8



Date 14-Jul-2011 1



$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1ED01

1ED02

1ED03

1ED04

1ED05

1ED06

1ED07

1ED08

1ED09

1ED0A

1ED0B

1ED0C

1ED0D

1ED0E

1ED0F

1ED10

1ED11

1ED12

1ED13

1ED14

1ED15

1ED16

1ED17

1ED18

1ED19

1ED1A

1ED1B

1ED1C

1ED1D

1ED1E

1ED1F

1ED20

1ED21

1ED22

1ED23

1ED24

1ED25

1ED26

1ED27

1ED28

1ED29

1ED2A

1ED2B

1ED2C

1ED2D

1ED2E

1ED2F

1ED30

1ED31

1ED32

1ED33

1ED34

1ED35

1ED36

1ED37

1ED38

1ED39

1ED3A

1ED3B

1ED3C

1ED3D

1ED3E

1ED3F

1ED40

1ED41

1ED42

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F


9



Date 14-Jul-2011 2


























10



11



12



13



14



37 Confusion Data



7



4 References







5 Acknowledgments


8



Date 14-Jul-2011 1



$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1ED01

1ED02

1ED03

1ED04

1ED05

1ED06

1ED07

1ED08

1ED09

1ED0A

1ED0B

1ED0C

1ED0D

1ED0E

1ED0F

1ED10

1ED11

1ED12

1ED13

1ED14

1ED15

1ED16

1ED17

1ED18

1ED19

1ED1A

1ED1B

1ED1C

1ED1D

1ED1E

1ED1F

1ED20

1ED21

1ED22

1ED23

1ED24

1ED25

1ED26

1ED27

1ED28

1ED29

1ED2A

1ED2B

1ED2C

1ED2D

1ED2E

1ED2F

1ED30

1ED31

1ED32

1ED33

1ED34

1ED35

1ED36

1ED37

1ED38

1ED39

1ED3A

1ED3B

1ED3C

1ED3D

1ED3E

1ED3F

1ED40

1ED41

1ED42

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F


9



Date 14-Jul-2011 2


























10



11



12



13



14



4 References







5 Acknowledgments


8



Date 14-Jul-2011 1



$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1ED01

1ED02

1ED03

1ED04

1ED05

1ED06

1ED07

1ED08

1ED09

1ED0A

1ED0B

1ED0C

1ED0D

1ED0E

1ED0F

1ED10

1ED11

1ED12

1ED13

1ED14

1ED15

1ED16

1ED17

1ED18

1ED19

1ED1A

1ED1B

1ED1C

1ED1D

1ED1E

1ED1F

1ED20

1ED21

1ED22

1ED23

1ED24

1ED25

1ED26

1ED27

1ED28

1ED29

1ED2A

1ED2B

1ED2C

1ED2D

1ED2E

1ED2F

1ED30

1ED31

1ED32

1ED33

1ED34

1ED35

1ED36

1ED37

1ED38

1ED39

1ED3A

1ED3B

1ED3C

1ED3D

1ED3E

1ED3F

1ED40

1ED41

1ED42

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F


9



Date 14-Jul-2011 2


























10



11



12



13



14



Date 14-Jul-2011 1



$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

1ED01

1ED02

1ED03

1ED04

1ED05

1ED06

1ED07

1ED08

1ED09

1ED0A

1ED0B

1ED0C

1ED0D

1ED0E

1ED0F

1ED10

1ED11

1ED12

1ED13

1ED14

1ED15

1ED16

1ED17

1ED18

1ED19

1ED1A

1ED1B

1ED1C

1ED1D

1ED1E

1ED1F

1ED20

1ED21

1ED22

1ED23

1ED24

1ED25

1ED26

1ED27

1ED28

1ED29

1ED2A

1ED2B

1ED2C

1ED2D

1ED2E

1ED2F

1ED30

1ED31

1ED32

1ED33

1ED34

1ED35

1ED36

1ED37

1ED38

1ED39

1ED3A

1ED3B

1ED3C

1ED3D

1ED3E

1ED3F

1ED40

1ED41

1ED42

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

A

B

C

D

E

F


9



Date 14-Jul-2011 2


























10



11



12



13



14



Date 14-Jul-2011 2


























10



11



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14



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Documents

DKUUGstd.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4123.pdfCreated Date: 7/14/2011 8:21:21 PM