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SloveniaEvolution and ProspectsEvolution and Prospects
of Relay Protection,of Relay Protection,Control and AutomationControl and Automation
S stemsS stems
Evolution and ProspectsEvolution and Prospects
of Relay Protection,of Relay Protection,Control and AutomationControl and Automation
S stemsS stems
Presented by: Janez Zakonjek
Actual Trends in Development of Power System
Protection and Automation
Russia, Yekaterinburg, 3 7 June 2013
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M.Sc. degree in Power Engineering 1977 fromUniversity in Ljubljana, Slovenia
15 years with ISKRA Slovenia on relay protection,substation automation and power line carrier eq.
From 1991 to 2005 in ABB Relays, Sweden as product
AboutAbout MyselfMyself
C
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manager an sen or app cat on spec a stFrom 2006 to 2009 responsible for business andtechnology development in ABS Holdings, Russia
Since Sept. 2009 founder and director of RELARTELtd. consulting company in Slovenia
All professional career with CIGRE
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A bit about relay history (and expressions used)
Why do we strive so strongly towards new
solutions in secondary power systems
Something about the possibility of going back to
What shall I Talk About?What shall I Talk About?
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t e utureCIGRE WG B5.24 on Current and Voltage Digital
Acquisition Chain
Some views on education of young specialists and
Something about modern developing and testing
methods
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Relay DevelopmentRelay Development Hardware and MethodsHardware and Methods
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Relay DevelopmentRelay Development Hardware and MethodsHardware and Methods
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Relay DevelopmentRelay Development Hardware and MethodsHardware and Methods
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Relay DevelopmentRelay Development Hardware and MethodsHardware and Methods
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Continuous development of relay protectionContinuous development of relay protection
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Continuous development of relay protectionContinuous development of relay protection
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Continuous development of relay protectionContinuous development of relay protection
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World COWorld CO22 ProducersProducers -- Burning of Fossil FuelsBurning of Fossil Fuels
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11- 29.888.121.000 metric tones of Carbon Dioxide in
2008
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COCO22 Development Through the HistoryDevelopment Through the History
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Future HVAC and HVDC Super GridFuture HVAC and HVDC Super Grid
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Wind Mills Against Wind FarmsWind Mills Against Wind Farms
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To Be Replaced by Renewable Resources?To Be Replaced by Renewable Resources?
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FunctionalFunctional andand HardwareHardware integrationintegration -- 19197575
1
2
10
1 - Distance protection
2 - Three-phase power swing unit
3 - Directional earth fault protection
4 - AC supervision circuits
5 - DC supervision circuits
6 - STUB protection
7 - Auxiliary relays
8 - Fault locator
-
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4 5
6 7
8
9
13 14
15
16
17
10 - Disturbance recorder11 - Signaling unit
12 - Parts of event recorder
13 - Breaker failure protection - 1 CB
14 - Tripping relays
15 - Autoreclosing for one CB
16 - Synchrocheck for one CB
17 - Auxiliary transformers for
disturbance recorder
Two relay panels 600 mm x 650 mm x 2250 mm
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FunctionalFunctional andand HardwareHardware IIntegrationntegration -- 19199494
1
2
10
1 - Distance protection
2 - Three-phase power swing unit
3 - Directional earth fault protection
4 - AC supervision circuits
5 - DC supervision circuits
6 - STUB protection
7 - Auxiliary relays
8 - Fault locator
-
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4 5
6 7
8
9
13 14
15
16
17
10 - Disturbance recorder11 - Signaling unit
12 - Parts of event recorder
13 - Breaker failure protection - 1 CB
14 - Tripping relays
15 - Autoreclosing for one CB
16 - Synchrocheck for one CB
17 - Auxiliary transformers for
disturbance recorder
Two relay panels 600 mm x 650 mm x 2250 mm
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FunctionalFunctional andand HardwareHardware integrationintegration -- 19199494
1
2
10
1 - Distance protection
2 - Three-phase power swing unit
3 - Directional earth fault protection
4 - AC supervision circuits
5 - DC supervision circuits
6 - STUB protection
7 - Auxiliary relays
8 - Fault locator
-
++
SELF SUPERVISIONSELF SUPERVISION
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4 5
6 7
8
9
13 14
15
16
17
10 - Disturbance recorder11 - Signaling unit
12 - Parts of event recorder
13 - Breaker failure protection - 1 CB
14 - Tripping relays
15 - Autoreclosing for one CB
16 - Synchrocheck for one CB
17 - Auxiliary transformers for
disturbance recorder
Two relay panels 600 mm x 650 mm x 2250 mm
++
COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION++++++++++
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THE DESIGN IS CHANGING
BUT
THE BASIC IDEA REMAINS
No Need to Invent the Wheel AgainNo Need to Invent the Wheel Again
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PERFORMANCESARE IN GENERAL
IMPROVED
1000 1993 ACBC 1000 0
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Modern Substation (Yesterday ?)Modern Substation (Yesterday ?)
RCC
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Modern Substation (Today)Modern Substation (Today)
RCC
IEC 61850
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Modern Substation (Today)Modern Substation (Today)
RCC
IEC 61850
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-22- GOOSE Messaging
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Modern Substation (Today ?)Modern Substation (Today ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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Modern Substation (Today ?)Modern Substation (Today ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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Modern Substation (Today ?)Modern Substation (Today ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MU
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Modern Substation (Today ?)Modern Substation (Today ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MU
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Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
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Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
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Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
Intelligent Primary
Equipment
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Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
Intelligent Primary
Equipment
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Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
Intelligent Primary
Equipment
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Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
Intelligent Primary
Equipment
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Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
Intelligent Primary
Equipment
d b i ( ?)d b i ( ?)
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Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)Modern Substation (Tomorrow ?)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
Intelligent Primary
Equipment
M d S b i (T !)M d S b i (T !)
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Modern Substation (Tomorrow !)Modern Substation (Tomorrow !)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
Intelligent Primary
Equipment
M d S b t ti (T !)M d S b t ti (T !)
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Modern Substation (Tomorrow !)Modern Substation (Tomorrow !)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
Intelligent Primary
Equipment
IEC 61850-9-xy
I It Di t ib t d C t li dI It Di t ib t d C t li d
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Is It Distributed or CentralizedIs It Distributed or Centralized
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Modern Integrated Substation (Tomorrow !)Modern Integrated Substation (Tomorrow !)
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Modern Integrated Substation (Tomorrow !)Modern Integrated Substation (Tomorrow !)
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
RCC
IEC 61850GOOSE Messaging
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SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
Intelligent Primary
Equipment
IEC 61850-9-xyIEC 61850-9-xy
SAMU SAMUMU MUNCIT NCIT
Intelligent Primary
Equipment
IEC 61850-9-xy
But! Is It Really So Simple?But! Is It Really So Simple?
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CIGRE WG B5.24 is working on different protection
requirements related to Transient Response of
Voltage and Current Digital Acquisition Chain
But! Is It Really So Simple?But! Is It Really So Simple?
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WhatWhat AreAre WeWe ReallyReally DoingDoing in Iin I andand UU CircuitsCircuits
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WhatWhat AreAre WeWe ReallyReally DoingDoing in Iin I andand UU CircuitsCircuits
Digitalsignal
processing
ignal
ent
Logicand
communication
PrimaryCo
nductor
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Ethernetswitchp
rocessbusIEC61850-9-2D
igital
adjust
Digitalsignal
adjustment
D
igitalsignal
adjustment
But! Is It Really So Simple?But! Is It Really So Simple?
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CIGRE WG B5.24 is working on different protection
requirements related to Transient Response of
Voltage and Current Digital Acquisition Chain
But! Is It Really So Simple?But! Is It Really So Simple?
2,0
2,5
3,0
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-2,0
-1,5
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time [ms]
Secondary
curren
t[A]
TPX Ts = 3000 ms
TPZ Ts = 60 ms
Diff current
Primary time constant
Tp = 120 ms
GeneratorGenerator ReverseReverse PowerPower ProtectionProtection
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GeneratorGenerator ReverseReverse PowerPower ProtectionProtection
Q/SN
P/SN
-1 +1
z.B: -0,005
The angle error influence is
larger at sensitive settings.
For generator protectionapplication the assumed
angle error of 0.5 - 1 is
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too high. The angle errormust be lower than 0.1.
EarthEarth FaultsFaults IsolatedIsolated oror CompensatedCompensated SystemsSystems
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EarthEarth FaultsFaults IsolatedIsolated oror CompensatedCompensated SystemsSystems
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Minimum primary earth fault currents in dependence of system
voltage
Voltage level 6 kV 10 kV 20 kV
Primary fault current 0,69 A 1,15 A 2,31 A
EarthEarth FaultsFaults IsolatedIsolated oror CompensatedCompensated SystemsSystems
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EarthEarth FaultsFaults IsolatedIsolated oror CompensatedCompensated SystemsSystems
The healthy line
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pera on
IC Phase angle errorcan cause unwantedoperation
Imeas.
Earth Fault Normal Operating Condition
Necessary to Present a Bode Diagram for MUNecessary to Present a Bode Diagram for MU
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Necessary to Present a Bode Diagram for MUNecessary to Present a Bode Diagram for MU
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1 .103
1 .104
15
10
5
0
Magnitude
dB
3
HdB f( )
f
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H 50( ) 1=
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1 .103
1 .104
50
0
Phase
in Hz
degree Ph f( )
f
Ph 50( ) 3.624=
Educate young Protection EngineersEducate young Protection Engineers
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Why transformer can nottransform DC current?
Y, Z and Delta connected CTs
Investigate distance
Educate young Protection EngineersEducate young Protection Engineers
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What is mutual coupling?
How is defined DC timeconstant of short circuitcurrent
Etc
EducateEducate YoungYoung ProtectionProtection EngineersEngineers
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EducateEducate YoungYoung ProtectionProtection EngineersEngineers
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Educate young Protection EngineersEducate young Protection Engineers
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Young Engineer should have deep knowledge on powersystem and its elements updated according to theirdevelopment
His knowledge should be excellent from the abnormalconditions point of view
He should know what is a power and what is a point whatis a ower s stem and what a tool screw driver or
ducate you g otect o g ee sducate you g otect o g ee s
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computer)
Must be able to judge what computer is telling him
HW and SW play the same role as moving discs, coils,transistors and logic circuits long ago
Vendors should stop training them pressing buttons
They should be paid according to their responsibility
We, teachers and mentors must change our approach
TestingTesting AccordingAccording toto SystemSystem RequirementsRequirements (1994)(1994)
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gg gg yy qq ( )( )
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Modern TechnologiesModern Technologies Modern Testing MethodsModern Testing Methods
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gg gg
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50- Multi Modular Converters
ConclusionConclusion ??
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