www.eCAIMAN.eu

Boschidar Ganev, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology

Joint EC & EGVIA workshop for advanced automotive batteries research

European projects’ contributions to the key user requirements

12th October 2016

Objectives

The objective of eCAIMAN is to bring European expertise together to

develop an automotive battery cell that meets the following demands:

energy density of 270 Wh/kg

cost of 200€/kWh

can be produced in Europe

224.10.2016

Call: H2020-GV-2014 / Topic: GV-1-2014

Total budget: €6.2m

Duration: 05/2014 – 04/2018 | 36 months

Addressing user requirements

User requirement eCAIMAN

Range, cost • Material characteristics / optimisation of

the electrochemistry

• Flexible module design

Competitiveness • Materials development from a strong

European industrial base

• Scale-up manufacturing on industrial

scale

• Investigation of vehicle integration

Safety, reliability,

Durability,

recyclabiltiy

• Modeling of ageing mechanism

• Greener (aqueous) chemistry

• LCA

Development of test

procedures and

standards

• Update current regulations and standards

for high-voltage batteries

• Coordination with other GV1 projects

324.10.2016

Project Consortium

Co-funded by the European Union

Project Approach

524.10.2016

Development of

Active Cell

Components (WP1-3)

Cell Harmonization,

Electrode

Engineering (WP4)

Proof of Concept:

Module Design &

Peripheries (WP5)

Cathode

Anode

Electrolyte

Industrialise 5V spinel cathode material

Industrialise high-capacity anode material

Industrialise a stable high-voltage electrolyte

Testing, Evaluation

and LCA/LCC (WP6)

Large-scale automative

cells production applying

eCAIMAN materials and

technology

Investigate integration into

light, passenger and heavy

duty vehicles

BMS/electronics update for

high-voltage concept

Validate safety & reliability of the cells

Update current regulations and

standards for high-voltage batteries –

aim for int‘l standardization

Assess economic/ecological aspects

by LCC/LCA

Step 1: Test different synthesis strategies to produce 5V spinel

3 promising strategies selected by 3 partners :

Coprecipitation Sol-gel

Step 2: Influence of doping/substitution Step 3: Influence of surface treatment

LiNixMnyMzO4

(M: Al, Mg, Cr,

Fe…)

Goal: make a 5 V spinel

with a very stable structure

upon cycling

LiNixMnyMzO4

(M: Al, Mg, Cr,

Fe…)

Surface treatment based on Al, Mg, Fe…

Goal: protect the 5V spinel

surface from the electrolyte

Step 4: Materials characterization and selection

Electrochemical evaluation, XRD,

SEM, tapped density …Selection of the most promising

material

Step 5: Up-scaling of the most promising material

Mate

riald

ev

elo

pm

en

tM

ate

rial

sele

ctio

n

Mate

rial

pro

du

ctio

nThe most promising material will be scaled-up (pilot scale)

Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis

Cathode

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Cap

acit

y (m

Ah

/g)

Cycle Index

900 °C 950 °C 1000 °C

Some promising results

Different LMNO morphologies were produced during step 1 Good electrochemical performances were

obtained after step 1,2 and 3

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

0 50 100 150

Vo

ltag

e (

V)

Capacity (mAh/g)

Charge

Discharge

133 mAh/g at C/10

Coin cell

Anode : Li metal

Electrolyte : LP100

Cathode : 80 % Spinel (~ 4-5

mg); 10 % SuperP;10 %

PVDF

2 cycles at C/10 and then at 1C

Future challenges

Obtain 10 Kg of optimized LMNO material at

pilot scale with performance similar to that of

the lab scale.

24/10/20168

SnO2 as alternative

anode

Activities on preparation of

electrodes

Activities on modified synthetic

graphite to be processed with

aqueous binders

1. Actilion 2

2. Advanced graphite

characterization

1. Increase of conductivity

of commercial samples

Preparation of anode tapes for

electrochemical testing

2. Production of

nanoparticles

characterization

Anode

Electrochemical performance of carbon with aqueous binder

Slurry Composition (% w/w):

96.5 %: Carbon (Imerys)

0.5% : Carbon Black (Imerys G&C C45)

3%: CMC + SBR (in H2O)

Test Cycles:

1 cycle C/20

3 cycles C/10

3 cycles C/5

3 cycles 1C

3 cycle C/10

Voltage Range: 0.02 – 1.2 V

Electrolyte: Arkema

924/10/2016

C_Imerys_CMC+SBR_CG1

The C produced by Imerys performs very well in electrodes produced with aqueous binders.

New synthesis have been tuned with ecofriendly process

Cell harmonization and electrode engineering

Objective: Find a solution to optimize the electrochemical performance of the active materials

developed in WPs 1, 2, 3 on full cell level.

Optimize inactive components: binders, conductive additives, separators as well as current

collectors.

Optimize formulations and process parameters for slurry and electrode.

Develop advanced methodologies for in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms at

surfaces/interfaces in lithium ion batteries.

Modeling materials’ interactions in porous electrodes in different electrochemical processes to

support the experiments.

Developing a short loop evaluation protocol for upgrading active and inactive components in

LIB.

1024/10/2016

WP1: Cathode active

material

WP2: Advanced anode

composite

WP3: High voltage

electrolyte

WP4: CELL HARMONIZATION

WP5: Proof-of-

concept:

Module design

& peripheries

Results and progress towards objectives

Multiscale modelling of electrode

materials and electrode-electrolyte

interface in 5V-LIB

Electrode engineering: formulation,

slurry and electrode coating process

optimisation

Full cell harmonisation

Using DFT+U theory: preliminary

calculations for spinel structure; ordered

and disordered (ongoing). Introduce

dopant atoms.

Graphite anodes from aqueous slurries

optimised

LNMO slurry mixing and coating process

adjustment for homogeneous electrodes

with different active material particle

morphologies

Electrode compatibility with 5V-

electrolytes

1124.10.2016

Electrode optimisations

Graphite anode aqueous slurry

optimisation

Rheological studies with change of

component percentage formulation and

different CMC & SBR binders

Calendaring: density optimisation

5V-spinel LNMO slurry & cathode

optimisation

Slurry mixing and coating process

adjustment for homogeneous

electrodes

Formulation: LNMO/C65/PVdF = 90/5/5

Different mixing procedures drying T and

calendering

1224.10.2016

Shear thinning,

stable slurry and

optimal coating and

electrode

performance

achieved for 94%

graphite

formulation

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0,1 1,0 10,0

Spe

cifi

c ca

pac

ity

/ m

Ah

.g-1

LNM

O

Log C-rate

Uncalendered

2,0 g/cm3

2,5 g/cm3

As coated 1.0g/cc

Cal. 2.5g/cc

Densification

critical for cathode

performance

Full cell harmonisation

Anode/Cathode compatibility with 5V electrolyte formulations

13

Electrolyte formulations

Conventional

Ref1 - FEC

eCAIMAN1

Electrolyte side-reaction on

graphite anode @ >1C charge

Electrolyte

(additives) for 5V

spinel from WP3

Challenges:-LNMO/electrolyte surface reactivity gas

formation, Mn disolution & cell degradation

- Avoid electrolyte side-reaction on graphite

anode

State of workMaterials development, cell

harmonization, electrode

engineering

Cathode

3 parallel material development routes

pursued

Materials currently being compared

selection cells/module

Anode

2 development routes pursued (modified

graphite+aqueous binder; SnO2)

Graphite selected

Electrolyte

Gen1 with optimized additives developed

& selected

Cell harmonization

Anode and cathode optimized

(formulation, inactive components,

density)

Electrode compatibility with 5V

electrolytes

Module design, testing/evaluation;

Dissemination

Module design

Electrical requirements

Further inputs based on final cells

Module testing:

Review of existing standards

Share testing procedures with GV1 proj.

DoE in progress

Dissemination: Joint dissemination

activities envisaged with other GV1

projects

1424.10.2016

eCAIMAN FIVEVB SPICYTowards E-mobility via Advanced Li-ion cell technology Development

Horizon 2020 GV-1-2014 call

The challengeIt is important that next generations of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles incorporate basic electric components,

such as electric batteries and their constituent components, that are manufactured in Europe. This is not the case for

the first generation of these vehicles that incorporate non-European battery technologies. The challenge to be

addressed is the development of new materials, facilities and technologies for advanced Li-ion batteries to support

the development of a strong European industrial base in this field.

The missionResearch and innovation activities will bring European industry to a stronger position on the world market making it

possible to launch new production in Europe while at the same time addressing the shortcomings of electric cars as

compared to conventional cars (e.g. cost and weight reduction, safety, reliability, longevity and fitness for charging

under real world conditions). The proposed solutions should demonstrate industrial scale prototypes improving cell-

level energy densities by at least 20%, and costs by 20%, with respect to the best cell chemistries currently on the

market.

Electrolyte, Cathode and

Anode Improvements for

Market-near Next-

generation Lithium Ion

Batteries

Lithium Ion Batteries with

Silicon Anodes produced

for Next Generation

Electric Vehicles

Silicon and polyanionic

chemistries and

architectures of Li-ion

cell for high energy

battery

www.ecaiman.eu www.fivevb.eu www.spicy-project.eu

These projects have received funding form the

European Union‘s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. Horizon 2020 GV-1-2014

16

Thank you for

your attention!

16

Boschidar Ganev

boschidar.ganev@ait.ac.at

Co-funded by the European Union