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Bonds of Water- strong› Can break into hydrogen ion (H+ ) and
hydroxide ion (OH- )
H2O H+ + OH-
Compounds that form hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
Low concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions› Present in equal numbers› Water is neutral pH
Properties of Acids› Corrosive
Burns your skin
› Sour taste Lemons, vinegar
› Turns blue litmus paper to red color Examples of Acids
› Carbonic Acid in soft drinks (i.e. soda)› Stomach Acid› Lemon Juice
Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
Form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water (OH- )
Properties of Bases› Corrosive› Soapy feel› pH more than 7› Turns red litmus paper to a blue color
Examples of Bases› Bleach, some soaps, some cleaning agents› Ammonia› Seawater› Blood
pH scale is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in solutions
All solutions have a pH value between 0 and 14› Pure water, pH= 7› Acids, pH <7› Bases, pH>7
pH Example
Acids 0 HCl
1 Stomach acid
2 Lemon juice
3 Vinegar
4 Soda
5 Rainwater
6 Milk
Neutral 7 Pure water
Bases 8 Egg whites
9 Baking soda
10 Tums® antacid
11 Ammonia
pH meter