Bell WorkBell Work What river passes through Linden?What river passes through Linden? What cities could you visit if you were to What cities could you visit if you were to

put a canoe in at the linden millpond and put a canoe in at the linden millpond and paddle?paddle?

Where would you eventually end up?Where would you eventually end up? Assume that there were no time Assume that there were no time

constraints.constraints.

Drainage basin/ Drainage basin/ WatershedWatershed A A drainage basin or Watersheddrainage basin or Watershed is a is a

region of land where water from rain or region of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a body of snow melt drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river or lake. water, such as a river or lake.

We live in the ____________We live in the ____________

Drainage basin/watershed.Drainage basin/watershed.

Shiawassee RiverShiawassee River

Headwaters of the Shiawassee are in Headwaters of the Shiawassee are in Livingston and Oakland county. (Our Livingston and Oakland county. (Our Area)Area)

The The Shiawassee RiverShiawassee River is is approximately 110 miles approximately 110 miles long and generally flows in long and generally flows in a northerly direction. a northerly direction. (Through Linden is E---W)(Through Linden is E---W)

ChesaningChesaning

ArgentineArgentine

LindenLinden

It merges together withIt merges together with the the Flint, CassFlint, Cass, and the , and the TittabawasseeTittabawassee River‘s to River‘s to become the become the Saginaw River which which eventually drains into the eventually drains into the Saginaw Bay of of Lake Huron..

ByronByron

OwossoOwosso

SaginawSaginaw

All rivers in Michigan drain into the Great All rivers in Michigan drain into the Great lakes.lakes.

Bell WorkBell Work What are the names of the five Great What are the names of the five Great

lakes?lakes? HOMESHOMES Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, SuperiorHuron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior

MichiganMichigan Michigan is the only state that borders on Michigan is the only state that borders on

4 of the 5 Great lakes. 4 of the 5 Great lakes. ““Great lake state”Great lake state”

The Great lakesThe Great lakes 6 quadrillion gallons of fresh water. 6 quadrillion gallons of fresh water. 1/5 of the world's fresh surface water.1/5 of the world's fresh surface water. Spread evenly across the U.S., the Great lakes would submerge the country under about 9.5 ft of water.Spread evenly across the U.S., the Great lakes would submerge the country under about 9.5 ft of water.

All of the great lakes water is moving All of the great lakes water is moving through the St. Lawrence seaway and through the St. Lawrence seaway and ends in the Atlantic ocean.ends in the Atlantic ocean.

Where does the water come Where does the water come from to replace the water from to replace the water lost?lost?

All of Michigan rivers (and surrounding states All of Michigan rivers (and surrounding states rivers) eventually flow into the Great lakes.rivers) eventually flow into the Great lakes.

Why did they build these canals??Why did they build these canals?? The The Saint Lawrence SeawaySaint Lawrence Seaway(1959) and (1959) and

Canal system(1800’s) opened the Great Canal system(1800’s) opened the Great Lakes to ocean-going vessels. Lakes to ocean-going vessels.

What formed the Great Lakes?What formed the Great Lakes?

Glaciers repeatedly advanced and retreated Glaciers repeatedly advanced and retreated over the Great Lakes region from the north and over the Great Lakes region from the north and carved out the Great lakes. carved out the Great lakes.

The first glacier began a million years ago. The first glacier began a million years ago. Up to 2,000 meters (6,500 feet) high.Up to 2,000 meters (6,500 feet) high.

Video Glaciers 3minVideo Glaciers 3min

Video GlaciersVideo Glaciers 3min3min

GlaciersGlaciers As they slowly moved, glaciers scoured the As they slowly moved, glaciers scoured the

surface of the earth, carving valleys, making surface of the earth, carving valleys, making hills and mountains etc. hills and mountains etc.

Environments & Animals Environments & Animals Environments are constantly changing.Environments are constantly changing. As environments change so do species As environments change so do species

adapted to those environments.adapted to those environments. 12,000 years ago Michigan was home to 12,000 years ago Michigan was home to

different kinds of animals and plants than different kinds of animals and plants than are around today.are around today.

Extinct animalsExtinct animalsHuge mastodons and mammoths roamed Huge mastodons and mammoths roamed through southern Michigan. through southern Michigan. Whales, walruses, and giant rodents swam in the lakes, and shaggy musk oxen Whales, walruses, and giant rodents swam in the lakes, and shaggy musk oxen grazed in the woodlands. grazed in the woodlands.

Now, 12,000 years later only fossils remain.Now, 12,000 years later only fossils remain.Mastodon fossilsMastodon fossilsLennon, Mi- 1962Lennon, Mi- 1962Perry, Mi- 2001Perry, Mi- 2001

Perry students digging for Perry students digging for Mastodon bones in 2001Mastodon bones in 2001

Michigans state Fossil? Michigans state Fossil? Stone? Bird? fish?Stone? Bird? fish?

Fossil- MastodonFossil- Mastodon

Stone- PetoskeyStone- Petoskey

Bird- RobinBird- Robin

Fish- Brook troutFish- Brook trout

Invasive speciesInvasive species The Great Lakes have suffered from the The Great Lakes have suffered from the

introduction of many non-native species. introduction of many non-native species. Since 1800s, more than 160 Since 1800s, more than 160 invasive speciesinvasive species have invaded the Great have invaded the Great Lakes ecosystem, causing severe Lakes ecosystem, causing severe economic and ecological impacts. economic and ecological impacts.

Invasive speciesInvasive species

Many of these invasive species Many of these invasive species entered the lakes through the advent entered the lakes through the advent of canals in 1800’s. of canals in 1800’s.

Earliest was the Sea lamprey in Earliest was the Sea lamprey in 1820’s 1820’s

How do the species get here?How do the species get here?

1. Swim up canal’s- 1. Swim up canal’s- Ex Sea lampreyEx Sea lamprey

2. Ships' ballast tanks -major cause 2. Ships' ballast tanks -major cause From 1959, when the St. Lawrence Seaway opened, through From 1959, when the St. Lawrence Seaway opened, through

2000, 36 of 50 nonindigenous aquatic species are attributed to 2000, 36 of 50 nonindigenous aquatic species are attributed to ballast tank water.ballast tank water.

How do the species get here?How do the species get here?

3. Pet release.3. Pet release. 4. Bait buckets(fishing)4. Bait buckets(fishing) 5. Shipping containers.5. Shipping containers.

What Effect are these Organisms What Effect are these Organisms Having on the Great Lakes?Having on the Great Lakes?

All Invasive species disrupt the natural food All Invasive species disrupt the natural food chains of the new ecosystem.chains of the new ecosystem.

The Main effect that these species have is in The Main effect that these species have is in out competing native species for resources.out competing native species for resources.

There is only a certain amount of food, There is only a certain amount of food, habitat, etchabitat, etc

Others eat native species or their eggs.Others eat native species or their eggs. Ex- Sea lamprey, zebra mussel, fishhook Ex- Sea lamprey, zebra mussel, fishhook

waterflea waterflea

Some Native Fish SpeciesSome Native Fish SpeciesThe invasive fish species The invasive fish species are competing with some of are competing with some of these native fish.these native fish.

Video- Great lakes invasive species 28min