Based on whether or not shapes and volumes of a material are
variable
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Will everything just be a gas?
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99.9% of all matter in the universe is not a solid, a liquid,
or a gas Its PLASMA Plasma Ionized gas Gas-like state of matter
consisting of a mixture of free electrons and atoms that are
stripped of their electrons
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1. Flames
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2. Lightning
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3. Aurora (Northern Lights)
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4. Neon lights
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5. Stars Stars make up 99% of the total matter in the Universe.
Therefore, 99% of everything that exists in the entire Universe is
in the plasma state.
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The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state
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6. Clouds of gas and dust around stars
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STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA Tightly packed, in a
regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close
together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and
slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or
shape and is composed of electrical charged particles
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But now what happens if you lower the temperature way, way,
down to 100 nano degrees above Absolute Zero (-273C) Will
everything just be a frozen solid?
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Not Necessarily! In 1924 (86 years ago), two scientists, Albert
Einstein and Satyendra Bose predicted a 5 th state of matter which
would occur at very very low temperatures. EinsteinBose +
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The 5 th state of matter: Bose-Einstein Condensate Finally, in
1995 (only 18 years ago!), Wolfgang Ketterle and his team of
graduate students discovered the 5 th state of matter for the first
time. Ketterle and his students
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To really understand Bose-Einstein condensate you need to know
Quantum Physics
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The five states of matter: LIQUIDS SOLIDS GASES Higher
Temperature Lower Temperature PLASMAS (only for low density ionized
gases) BOSE- EINSTEIN CONDENSATE
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REMEMBER Kinetic energy is the energy of motion The faster an
object moves, the greater its kinetic energy Kinetic Theory of
Matter All particles of matter are in constant motion
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Fun Fact: The average speed of particles in a gas is 1600 km/h
All particles travel in a straight line until they collide with
another particle
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There are forces of attraction among the particles in all
matter If the particles are far apart and moving fast (like in a
gas) the attractive forces are too weak to affect other
particles
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1. Particles in a gas are in constant, random motion 2. The
motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of other
particles 3. Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be
ignored under ordinary circumstances
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Particles can flow to new locations Have constant volume
because forces of attraction keep the particles close together
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Definite volume & shape Particles vibrate back and forth
around fixed locations Strong forces of attraction between
particles
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Phase Change A reversible physical change that occurs when a
substance changes from one state of matter to another The
temperature of a substance does NOT change during a phase change
What does temperature measure? Energy is either absorbed or
released during a phase change
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Endothermic Exothermic A system absorbs energy from its
surroundings When ice melts, 334 J of energy must be absorbed
System releases energy to its surroundings When water freezes, 334
J of energy must be released
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Socrative Activity
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The result of a force distributed over an area When gases
collide with the sides of their container they create pressure
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Collisions between particles of a gas and the walls of the
container cause pressure in a closed container of gas More
particles leads to more frequent collisions between particles,
which in turn causes greater pressure
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1. Temperature 2. Volume 3. Number of Particles Gas Laws
Interactive Gas Laws Interactive
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Summarize your findings from the interactive
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Explain why this happens in the journal section of your
notebook.
