3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases Describing the States of Matter Based their shapes and volumes, Materials can be classified as: 1.Solids 2.Liquids 3.Gases

3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Describing the States of Matter

Based their shapes and volumes,

Materials can be classified as:

1.Solids

2.Liquids

3.Gases


Solid •Definite shape

•Definite volume. Most solids have orderly

arrangement of particles at the atomic level.

Difficult for particles to move past each other.

Example: copper wire



Liquid

•Definite volume

•No definite shape.


Takes the shape of its container Can pour from one container to another. Atoms easily slide past each other,

but hard to get away from group Example:

Mercury atoms are close, but more random than atoms in solid copper.


Gas

•No definite shape

•No definite volume.


Gas takes shape/volume of container. “Shape” of helium in a balloon is same

as shape of the balloon itself. Volume of helium in a balloon is equal

to volume of the balloon. Particles “fly” past each other, free

to move until bump into something.

States of MatterStates of Matter

Gas Liquid Gas Liquid Solid Solid

SolidSolid

Definite volumeDefinite volume Definite shapeDefinite shape

LiquidLiquid

Definite volumeDefinite volume NO definite shapeNO definite shape

GasGas

NO definite volumeNO definite volume NO definite shapeNO definite shape


• Materials often undergo physical changes because of temperature and energy changes – Example: freezing = liquid state solid state

• Phase change: – reversible physical change that occurs when a

substance changes from one state of matter to another.

Charactaristics of Phase Changes



•Melting:

solid liquid•Freezing:

liquid solid



•Vaporization:

liquid gas•Condensation:

gas liquid



•Sublimation:

solid gas•Deposition:

gas solid


Charactaristics of Phase Changes•Diagram shows physical changes between solid, liquid, and gas phases.•Each arrow shows a different phase change. •All phase changes share certain characteristics related to energy and temperature.


Other States of Matter

PLASMA atoms break into pieces•Extremely high temperatures (e.g. inside stars), atoms cannot hang on to all their electrons

– ~99% of all the matter in the universe is in plasmas– State that is not common on Earth

Bose-Einstein condensate •Extremely low temperatures (near –273°C)•Groups of atoms behave as though they are a single particle.



Assessment Questions #1

Definite or Not?

Shape Volume

Solid

Liquid

Gas


Assessment Questions

2. During a phase change, a substance undergoes a(n) a. reversible change from one state to another.

b. irreversible change from one state to another.

c. reversible change to a different substance.

d. irreversible change to a different substance.



3. What is the phase change in which a solid is converted directly to a liquid? a. melting

b. sublimation

c. condensation

d. deposition



4. What is the phase change in which a solid is converted directly to a gas? a. evaporation

b. sublimation

c. condensation

d. deposition



5. What is the phase change in which a gas is converted directly to a liquid? a. evaporation

b. sublimation

c. condensation

d. deposition



6. What is the phase change in which a gas is converted directly to a solid? a. evaporation

b. sublimation

c. condensation

d. deposition



7. What is the phase change in which a liquid is converted directly to a solid? a. evaporation

b. freezing

c. condensation

d. deposition



8. What is the phase change in which a liquid is converted directly to a gas? a. evaporation

b. freezing

c. condensation

d. deposition


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3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases Describing the States of Matter Based their shapes and volumes, Materials can be classified as: 1.Solids 2.Liquids 3.Gases