◦Australopithecus –◦ oldest hominid species. Found in Africa.

◦Homo erectus –◦ believed to be the first to leave Africa. Walked up- right.

◦Divine theory –◦ (religious) believe that a supreme being created humans just as they are.

◦Evolution Theory –◦ Created by Charles Darwin. Believe that humans descended from apes and through

continuous change, we have evolve in to our current states.

◦Survival of the fittest – ◦Created by Darwin. Said that organism that better adapt to their surroundings have a

better chance of surviving and reproducing. “Only the strongest survive”

◦Hydraulic civilization – ◦civilizations that developed near rivers and bodies of water. They use the water for

their benefit. (food, farming, transportation, basic needs)

◦ Euphrates and Tigirs- ◦ Mesopotamia developed around it.

◦ Sumerian inventions – (engineers of the ancient world)◦ wheel, irrigation, canals, dams and cuneiform

◦ Theocracy – ◦ when the political leader of country is also the religious leader.

◦Hammurabi –◦ leader of Babylon. Created the Hammurabi code one of the first set of laws. Where harsh and

unequal. ◦ Sargon –

◦ Leader of the Akkad. Created one of the first empires in history using lightweight weapons.◦ Semite –

◦ conquerors from Arabia that settled in Akkad. ◦ Phoenicians –

◦ known for being great merchants and sailors. ◦ Exported luxury items.◦ Created an alphabet◦ Consider as discovers of the Atlantic Ocean

◦ Palestine –◦ Its most significant conquerors were the Hebrews. Known also as Canaan.

◦Hebrews – ◦ Conquered Palestine. Brought one of the first monotheistic religions called Judaism to Palestine.

◦Nile – ◦ Ancient Egypt civilization developed around it.

◦Nomes –◦ cities where artisans and traders lived in Egypt.

◦ Pharaoh – ◦ supreme rulers in Egypt “chosen” by the gods.

◦Dynasty – ◦ series of rulers that belong to the same family.

◦ Pharaoh Khafre – ◦ order the construction of Great Sphinx's of Giza

◦Hieroglyphics – ◦ Egyptian system of writing. Use on tombs and sacred places.

◦Old kingdom – ◦ Known for its territorial expansion and the building of the pyramids.

◦Middle Kingdom – ◦ Known for the creation of calendars for farming and rituals.

◦New kingdom – ◦ acquired many riches, which made the kingdom prosperous again.

◦ Egypt Natural regions- ◦ protect it Egypt from invasion: north- Mediterranean sea/ South – Cataracts/ East and West –

desert /East- red sea. ◦Mummification –

◦ process of embalming the body for conservation. Only the rich could afford the process. It “helped” the soul find the right body in the afterlife.

◦ Tutankhamun – ◦ Pharaoh mostly known for the discovery of it intact tomb.

◦Howard Carter – ◦ Archeologist that made one of the greatest archeological discoveries in history, Tutankhamun’s

tomb.

Identify to which continent study in class the following countries belong to: (Europe, Africa or Asia)

◦ Spain:__________◦ Madagascar:______________◦ Algeria: __________◦ Vatican city:_______________◦ Italy:_____________ ◦ Japan:___________________◦ Morocco: _____________◦ Poland:_________________◦ Korea:______________◦ Vietnam:__________________◦ Afghanistan:________________◦ Ukraine:___________________◦ Russia:____________________◦ Egypt:____________________