Чтение › sites › default › files › 2020 › 06 › 01 › ... · London Zoo London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals

ЕГЭ-2020

Чтение Задание 11

Составитель: Намятова Анжела Николаевна ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНЫ МАТЕРИАЛЫ С САЙТА ФИПИ

Раздел 2. Чтение. Задание 11

Вариант 1

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными

цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие

соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

London Zoo

London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals

at London Zoo and A__________! Its main concern is to breed threatened animals in captivity.

This means we might be able to restock the wild, should disaster ever befall the wild population.

Partula Snail, Red Crowned Crane, Arabian Oryx, Golden Lion Tamarin, Persian Leopard,

Asiatic Lion and Sumatran Tiger are just some of the species London Zoo is helping to save.

That is why it is so important that we fight to preserve the habitats that these animals live

in, as well as eliminate other dangers B __________. But we aim to make your day at London

Zoo a fun and memorable time, C __________.

In the Ambika Paul Children’s Zoo, for instance, youngsters can learn a new love and

appreciation for animals D __________. They can also learn how to care for favourite pets in the

Pet Care Centre.

Then there are numerous special Highlight events E __________ unforgettable pony rides

to feeding times and spectacular animal displays. You will get to meet keepers and ask them what

you are interested in about the animals they care for, F __________.

Whatever you decide, you will have a great day. We have left no stone unturned to make

sure you do!

1. because they see and touch them close up

2. such as hunting exotic animals and selling furs

3. as well as the ins and outs of being a keeper at London Zoo

4. that is not counting every ant in the colony

5. which demand much time and effort

6. which take place every day, from

7. despite the serious side to our work

Пропуски A B C D E F

Части предложений


Вариант 2




Harry Potter course for university students

Students of Durham University are being given the chance to sign up to what is thought to

be the UK's first course focusing on the world of Harry Potter. Although every English-speaking

person in the world knows about Harry Potter books and films, few have thought of using them

as a guide to … modern life.

The Durham University module uses the works of JK Rowling A __________ modern

society. “Harry Potter and the Age of Illusion” will be available for study next year. So far about

80 undergraduates have signed B __________ a BA degree in Education Studies. Future

educationalists will analyse JK Rowling’s fanfiction from various points of view.

A university spokesman said: “This module places the Harry Potter novels in a wider social

and cultural context.” He added that a number of themes would be explored, C __________ the

classroom, bullying, friendship and solidarity and the ideals of and good citizenship.

The module was created by the head of the Department of Education at Durham University.

He said the idea for the new module had appeared in response D __________ body: “It seeks to

place the series in its wider social and cultural context and will explore some fundamental issues

E __________. You just need to read the academic writing which started F __________ that

Harry Potter is worthy of serious study.”

1. up for the optional module, part of

2. such as the moral universe of the school

3. to examine prejudice, citizenship and bullying in

4. including the world of rituals, prejudice and intolerance in

5. to emerge four or five years ago to see

6. such as the response of the writer

7. to growing demand from the student




Вариант 3




Mobile phones

On New Year’s Day, 1985, Michael Harrison phoned his father, Sir Ernest, to wish him a

happy new year. Sir Ernest was chairman of Racal Electronics, the owner of Vodafone,

A__________.

At the time, mobile phones weighed almost a kilogram, cost several thousand pounds and

provided only 20 minutes talktime. The networks themselves were small; Vodafone had just a

dozen masts covering London. Nobody had any idea of the huge potential of wireless

communication and the dramatic impact B __________.

Hardly anyone believed there would come a day when mobile phones were so popular

C__________. But in 1999 one mobile phone was sold in the UK every four seconds, and by

2004 there were more mobile phones in the UK than people. The boom was a result of increased

competition which pushed prices lower and created innovations in the way that mobiles were

sold.

When the government introduced more competition, companies started cutting prices to

attract more customers. Cellnet, for example, changed its prices, D __________. It also

introduced local call tariffs.

The way that handsets themselves were marketed was also changing and it was Finland’s

Nokia who made E __________. In the late 1990s Nokia realized that the mobile phone was a

fashion item: so it offered interchangeable covers which allowed you to customize and

personalize your handset.

The mobile phone industry has spent the later part of the past decade reducing its monthly charge

F __________, which has culminated in the fight between the iPhone and a succession of touch

screen rivals.

1. that there would be more phones in the UK than there are people

2. the leap from phones as technology to phones as fashion items

3. and his son was making the first-ever mobile phone call in the UK

4. the move to digital technology, connecting machines to wireless networks

5. trying to persuade people to do more with their phones than just call and text

6. that mobile phones would have over the next quarter century

7. and relying instead on actual call charges




Вариант 4




Laughing and evolution

The first hoots of laughter from an ancient ancestor of humans could be heard at least 10

million years ago, according to the results of a new study.

Researchers used recordings of apes and babies being tickled A __________ to the last

common ancestor that humans shared with the modern great apes, which include chimpanzees,

gorillas and orangutans.

The finding challenges the opinion B __________, suggesting instead that it emerged long

before humans split from the evolutionary path that led to our primate cousins, between 10m and

16m years ago.

“In humans, laughing can be the strongest way of expressing how much we are enjoying

ourselves, but it can also be used in other contexts, like making fun of someone,” said Marina

Davila Ross, a psychologist at Portsmouth University. “I was interested in C __________.”

Davila Ross travelled to seven zoos around Europe and visited a wildlife reserve in Sabah,

Borneo, to record baby and juvenile apes D __________. Great apes are known to make noises

that are similar to laughter when they are excited and while they are playing with each other.

Davila Ross collected recordings of laughter from 21 chimps, gorillas, orangutans and

bonobos and added recordings of three babies that were tickled to make them laugh.

To analyze the recordings, the team put them into a computer program. “Our evolutionary

tree based on these acoustic recordings alone showed E __________, but furthest from

orangutans, with gorillas somewhere in the middle.” said Davila Ross. “What this shows is strong

evidence to suggest F __________.”

1. that laughter is a uniquely human trait

2. to create the evolutionary tree linking humans and apes

3. while their caretakers tickled them

4. that laughing comes from a common primate ancestor

5. to trace the origin of laughter back

6. whether laughing emerged earlier on than humans did

7. that humans were closest to chimps and bonobos




Вариант 5




Nenets Culture affected by Global Warming

For 1,000 years the indigenous Nenets people have migrated along the 450-mile-long

Yamal peninsula in northern Russia. In summer they wander northwards, taking their reindeer

with them. In winter they return southwards.

But this remote region of north-west Siberia is now being affected by global warming.

Traditionally the Nenets travel across the frozen River Ob in November A __________ around

Nadym. These days, though, this annual winter migration is delayed. Last year the Nenets,

together with many thousands of reindeer, had to wait until late December B __________.

“Our reindeer were hungry. There wasn’t enough food,” Jakov Japtik, a Nenets reindeer

herder, said. “The snow is melting sooner, quicker and faster than before. In spring it’s difficult

for the reindeer to pull the sledges. They get tired,” Japtik said.

Herders say that the peninsula’s weather is increasingly unpredictable – with unseasonal

snowstorms C __________, and milder longer autumns. In winter, temperatures used to go down

to -50°C. Now they are normally around -30°C, according to Japtik. “Obviously we prefer -30°C.

But the changes aren’t good for the reindeer D __________,” he said, setting off on his sledge to

round up his reindeer herd.

Here, in one of the most remote parts of the planet, there are clear signs E __________.

Last year the Nenets arrived at a regular summer camping spot and discovered that half of their

lake had disappeared. The water had drained away after a landslide. The Nenets report other

curious changes – there are fewer mosquitoes and a strange increase in flies. Scientists say there

is unmistakable evidence F __________.

1. when the reindeer give birth in May

2. that Yamal’s ancient permafrost is melting

3. that the impact on Russia would be disastrous

4. when the ice was finally thick enough to cross

5. the environment is under pressure

6. and set up their camps in the southern forests

7. and in the end what is good for the reindeer is good for us




Вариант 6




Duration of life and its social implications

The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic

importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5

for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A __________, with enormous

consequences for both rich and poor nations.

The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. B __________ a combination

of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that

are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global

population will be more than nine billion by 2050.

The US census bureau was the first to sound C __________. Its latest forecasts warn

governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring

widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the

family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on

careers and social services providers, D __________ for health services and pensions systems.

“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors

conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a

significant challenge E __________ population.”

Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at

the older dependency ratio, F __________ that must be supported by them. The ODR is the

number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from

just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.

1. the change is due to

2. a huge shift towards an ageing population

3. as proportions of older people increase in most countries

4. while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications

5. which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country

6. the alarm about these changes

7. which shows the balance between working-age people and the older




Вариант 7




Welcome to the Smithsonian

When you visit any of the Smithsonian’s 19 museums and galleries or the National zoo,

you are entering the largest museum complex in the world. This complex holds about 137 million

unique objects in its trust for the American people.

The Smithsonian was established in 1846 with funds given to the United States by James

Smithson, an English scientist. The main idea was to increase and spread knowledge for free.

And now all Smithsonian institutions are still devoted to public education, A__________ history.

Ten Smithsonian museums and galleries are located in the centre of the U.S. capital. Six

other museums and the National zoo are nearby in the Washington metropolitan area,

B__________.

The 19th and the newest museum C__________ is the National Museum of African

American history and culture. It is now operating in the form of a virtual museum. Its key feature

is the memory book, D__________. These diverse memories are linked to each other and to the

museum content, E__________.

The Smithsonian complex is home to the world’s foremost research centres in science, the

arts and the humanities. Besides the basic research F__________, there are a number of special

facilities. Conservation centre at the zoo studies rare and endangered species, environment centre

carries out research in ecosystems in the coastal area.

1. that is carried on regularly in each of the museums

2. providing different materials in the arts, science and

3. placing a spotlight on people and events in African American history

4. that has been established within the Smithsonian complex

5. which allows website visitors to upload their own stories or images

6. and visitors can enjoy watching rare exhibits on

7. and two museums are situated in New York City




Вариант 8




National Gallery of Art

The National Gallery of Art was created in Washington D.C. for the people of the United

States in 1937. It started with the gift of the financier and art collector A__________. His gift

also included a building to house the new museum, to be constructed on the National Mall.

Opened to the public in 1941, this grand building, B__________, was at the time the largest

marble structure in the world.

The newly created National Gallery soon attracted similar gifts from hundreds of other

collectors. This tradition of generosity continues to this day with gifts from private donors and

artists C__________.

The gallery’s East building contains the collection of modern and contemporary painting,

sculpture, D__________. The East and West buildings are connected by an underground tunnel

with a moving walkway.

The National Gallery enjoys federal support, E__________, to fulfill its mission to exhibit

and interpret great works of European and American art in the nation’s collection. Since its

founding, federal funds have fostered the protection and care of the art collection and have

supported the gallery’s work, ensuring F__________. Private funding helped to create a

renowned collection of works of art and to construct the two landmark buildings. Private support

makes possible to arrange a changing programme of special exhibitions.

1. which is now called the West building

2. that the gallery brings daily profit to the country

3. who are willing to share their possessions with the public

4. who presented old master paintings and sculptures to the country

5. as well as partnership with private organizations

6. that the gallery is open daily and free of charge

7. as well as an advanced research centre and an art library




Вариант 9




Arizona’s world class cruise

Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of the Superstition Mountains in Arizona,

giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly Steamboat, A __________, now cruises the

secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake. It is worth exploring this favourite destination of

President Theodore Roosevelt who declared, “The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines

the grandeur of the Alps, the glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and

then adds something B __________.” You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest,

which provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama C __________. Every trip brings new

discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the deserts

of Arizona.

Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep, bald

eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, water fowl, D __________. Experience the unique sound

harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax at one of the tables

or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on the Dolly. You will get a

unique chance to listen to the captain E __________.

All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every need.

Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an unforgettable

vacation cruise and see F __________ like a ride on Arizona’s Dolly Steamboat.

1. that none of the others have

2. who pays much attention to children’s safety

3. continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925

4. hovering over the magnificent lake

5. that nature has ever created in the wild

6. who retells the legends of the mysterious past

7. for yourself why there is nothing quite




Вариант 10




Lots of fun in Cardiff

As you would expect of a capital city, Cardiff offers a huge choice of exciting sport and

entertainment throughout the year.

Every March the city celebrates St. David, Wales’ patron saint, with parades and music.

August sees the International Festival of Street Entertainment, with the heart of the city

A__________. Family fun days in the parks and at the waterfront are part of this sensational

summer scene. Brass and military bands are often to be seen on Cardiff’s streets. Between May

and October the world’s only seagoing paddle steamer cruises from Cardiff’s seaside resort.

In autumn the fun continues with Cardiff’s Festival of the Arts B __________. Music is at

the centre of the festival, with international stars C __________. Christmas in Cardiff is full of

colour and festivities. The truly spectacular Christmas illuminations have earned Cardiff the title

of “Christmas City”. And there is entertainment for all the family, D __________.

There is always something happening in Cardiff. The BBC National Orchestra of Wales

and Welsh National Opera can both be heard here. Cardiff previews many London “West End”

shows E __________.

The city’s range of accommodation facilities is truly impressive, F __________. And with

a city as compact as Cardiff there are places to stay in all price brackets.

1. joining some of Wales’ most talented musicians

2. having their summer holidays in Cardiff

3. beating with dance and theatrical performances

4. from pantomimes to Christmas tree celebrations

5. which features music, film, literature and graphics

6. from international names to family-run guest houses

7. that usually attract hundreds of theatre lovers




Вариант 11




Orient Express

In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren’t particularly

comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make trains

more luxurious.

By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining facilities,

where A __________. This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to encourage people

B__________. The first of these Pullman trains in England ran from London to Brighton and

used electricity for illumination.

In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of a restaurant

car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running from Paris to Romania

the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, C __________, the Orient Express expanded,

including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express was in full swing.

Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of that luxury

hotel D __________ in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue surrounded those

trips to exotic places, and those famous people E __________.

Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part, and later,

after the war, F __________ to start it again. Within the next few years airplane travel became

popular, and train passenger service declined.

1. which connected Switzerland and Italy

2. there was no money

3. that served dishes and wines

4. elegant meals were served to passengers

5. who rode the train

6. to use trains for long distance travel and vacations

7. who wrote about it




Вариант 12




Number of teenagers with Saturday job drops

The number of teenagers with Saturday jobs has dropped. Young people do not acquire any

experience for their CVs – a crucial step towards getting full-time work. The proportion of

teenagers combining part-time jobs with school or college has slumped from 40% in the 1990s

to around 20% now, according to the UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES), a

government agency. Latest figures show that only A__________ in 1997.

The trend is not just recession-related, but the result of an increasing expectation

B__________ well as a falling number of Saturday jobs, according to the report. Many of the

jobs that young people do, such as bar work, are in long-term decline, and are forecast to decline

further over the next decade.

"Recruiters place significant emphasis on experience … C__________," the report says.

Word of mouth is the most common way to get a job, D__________ young people are unable to

build up informal contacts, it adds.

Ms. Todd, a commissioner at the UKCES, said: "There's more emphasis on doing well at

school, young people are finding less time to do what they would have done a few years ago. "I

think it's also the changing structure of the labour market. Retail is still a big employer,

E__________. As a consequence, we need to think about how we get young people the work

experience they need."

A new initiative to send employees into state schools to talk about their careers was also

launched recently. The scheme, Inspiring the Future, is meant to give state schoolchildren access

to the kind of careers advice that private schools offer. The deputy prime minister said: "The

power of making connections F__________ and can be life-changing."

1. that young people should stay on at school, as

2. that inspire young people is immeasurable

3. but an increasing shortage of work experience means

4. but a lot more of it is being done online

5. 260,000 teenagers have a Saturday job compared with 435,000

6. that it was researching the system of funding education after 16

7. but young people are leaving education increasingly less experienced




Вариант 13




Saturday jobs: memories of weekend working

Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It seems

such a shame – my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of passage. I'll never

forget long hours A__________, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles. Working

atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most importantly,

taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash, B__________. I'm

not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone

should be able to have a Saturday job: "It taught me a lot, C__________."

The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is

sometimes obvious. Dragon's Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early

promise by starting his own business. "I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam,

D__________," he explains. "At the start I was coaching other kids, E__________, for which I

could charge £25–30 an hour. While my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was

doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four times as much."

Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising side.

"It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly to me finding

my head sponsor … and it offered me an eight-year contract. That gave me the financial backing

F__________."

As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for Employment

and Skills said a lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young people to acquire

experience for their CVs.

1. but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons

2. which I would happily spend as I liked

3. which let me know he approved of me

4. and things would be different if everyone was given the chance

5. which I needed to become a professional skier

6. that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex

7. and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays




Вариант 14




America’s fun place on America’s main street

If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be

Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A __________. If you are in the

area, be a part of it all by visiting us – or B __________. Doing so will keep you aware of the

latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least.

Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit

С__________. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive.

And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion

and experience both D __________ with international food, eclectic shopping and musical

events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long.

A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-

taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day!

Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly

houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E __________. The

Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on

special occasions.

Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House

and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F __________, this is a landmark not to be missed no

matter your age.

1. by joining our e-community

2. that are offered to the visitors

3. its glamorous past and fun-filled present

4. that was sweeping the country

5. to learn more about American history

6. as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences

7. celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War




Вариант 15




Changing image

For more than 200 years Madame Tussaud’s has been attracting tourists from all over the

world and it remains just as popular as it ever was. There are many reasons for this enduring

success, but at the heart of it all is good, old-fashioned curiosity.

Madame Tussaud’s original concept has entered a brand new era of interactive

entertainment A __________. Today’s visitors are sent on a breathtaking journey in black cabs

through hundreds of years of the past. They have a unique chance to see the great legends of

history, B __________ of politics.

Much of the figure construction technique follows the traditional pattern, beginning

whenever possible with the subject C __________ and personal characteristics. The surprising

likeliness of the wax portraits also owes much to many stars D __________, either by providing

their stage clothes, or simply giving useful advice.

The museum continues constantly to add figures E __________ popularity. The attraction

also continues to expand globally with established international branches in New York, Hong

Kong, Amsterdam and many other cities. And they all have the same rich mix of interaction,

authenticity and local appeal.

The museum provides a stimulating and educational environment for schoolchildren. Its

specialists are working together with practicing teachers and educational advisors to create

different programmes of activities, F __________.

1. that reflect contemporary public opinion and celebrity

2. as well as resources on art, technology and drama

3. ranging from special effects to fully animated figures

4. as well as the idols of popular music and the icons

5. who are eager to help in any possible way they can

6. ranging from all kinds of souvenirs to sports equipment

7. who is sitting to determine exact measurements




Вариант 16




Lindsay Wildlife Museum

Lindsay Wildlife Museum is a unique natural history and environmental education centre

where visitors can listen to the cry of a red-tailed hawk, go eye-to-eye with a grey fox and watch

a bald eagle eat lunch. More than fifty species of native California animals are on exhibit here.

Thousands of school children learn about the natural environment in their classrooms

A__________ of the museum. Nature- and science-oriented classes and trips are offered for

adults and children. More than 600 volunteers help to feed and care for wild animals,

B__________. Volunteers are active in the museum's work, contributing C __________.

The museum was founded by a local businessman, Alexander Lindsay. Sandy, as friends

knew him, started teaching neighborhood children about nature in the early 1950s. Initially

housed in an elementary school, the museum began offering school-aged children summer

classes, D__________.

After nearly a decade of the museum operation, it became apparent E __________. With a

new 5,000 square-foot home, the museum could now develop and display a permanent collection

of live, native wildlife and natural history objects.

People came to the museum for help with wild animals F __________ urban growth. In

response, a formal wildlife rehabilitation programme – the first of its kind in the United States of

America – began in 1970.

1. that needed public attention and a new building

2. through education programmes and on-site tours

3. many hours of service to wildlife care and fundraising

4. that a permanent, year-round site was necessary

5. as well as field trips focused on the natural world

6. that had been injured or orphaned because of intense

7. as well as teach children and adults about nature




Вариант 17




Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the

universe. They were wrong. The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists’ view of

the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble,

A_______________________.

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their

classifications. In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is

roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is,

B_______________________.

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the “Discovery” space shuttle and it is about 350 miles

above our planet, C _______________________. It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn’t

have to look through the air, D _______________________. And what a view it is! Hubble is so

powerful it could spot a fly on the moon.

Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28 100-watt light bulbs.

Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images

E_______________________. Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding

stars. Hubble doesn’t just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond.

Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of

stars.

Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could

“fry” the telescope’s instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light

F_______________________. Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed

may even change the number of planets in it.

1. which is above Earth’s atmosphere.

2. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.

3. which is invisible to the human eye.

4. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.

5. so it has a clear view of space.

6. because many stars are in clouds of gas.

7. but where it is.




Вариант 18




The science of sound, or acoustics, as it is often called, has been made over radically within

a comparatively short space of time. Not so long ago the lectures on sound in colleges and high

schools dealt chiefly with the vibrations of such things as the air columns in organ pipes.

Nowadays, however, thanks chiefly to a number of electronic instruments engineers can study

sounds as effectively A _______________________. The result has been a new approach to

research in sound. Scientists have been able to make far-reaching discoveries in many fields of

acoustics B _______________________.

Foremost among the instruments that have revolutionized the study of acoustics are

electronic sound-level meters also known as sound meters and sound-intensity meters. These are

effective devices that first convert sound waves into weak electric signals, then amplify the

signals through electronic means C _______________________. The intensity of a sound is

measured in units called decibels. “Zero” sound is the faintest sound

D_______________________. The decibel measures the ratio of the intensity of a given sound

to the standard “zero” sound. The decibel scale ranges from 0 to 130. An intensity of 130 decibels

is perceived not only as a sound, but also E _______________________. The normal range of

painlessly audible sounds for the average human ear is about 120 decibels. For forms of life other

than ourselves, the range can be quite different.

The ordinary sound meter measures the intensity of a given sound, rather than its actual

loudness. Under most conditions, however, it is a quite good indicator of loudness. Probably the

loudest known noise ever heard by human ears was that of the explosive eruption in August,

1883, of the volcano of Krakatoa in the East Indies. No electronic sound meters, of course, were

in existence then, but physicists estimate that the sound at its source must have had an intensity

of 190 decibels, F _______________________.

1. and finally measure them.

2. since it was heard 3,000 miles away.

3. and they have been able to put many of these discoveries to practical use.

4. since a loud sound is of high intensity.

5. as they study mechanical forces.

6. as a painful sensation in the ear.

7. that the unaided human ear can detect.




Вариант 19




Do you speak English?

When I arrived in England, I thought I knew English. After I’d been here an hour, I realized

that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge

of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I

A_______________________, let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only consolation being that

nobody speaks English perfectly.

Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are

B_______________________. You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand

and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand

C_______________________.

If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the adjective

nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact that

D_______________________. You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr.

Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso’s clothes are nice, you had a nice time,

E_______________________.

Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having

a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between

your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: “isn’t it?” People will not understand

much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get a F _______________________.

1. whatever it costs

2. most excellent impression

3. you have never heard of before, and nobody else either

4. in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives

5. would never know it really well

6. far from being the whole vocabulary of the language

7. and all this will be correct




Вариант 20




HEALTHY SCHOOL MEALS

Children at Southdown Infants School in Bath enjoy tasty homemade meals such as roast

turkey with fresh vegetables, chicken, salad and fresh fruit for pudding. Vegetables are

A_______________________. Instead of crisps, chocolate and sweets, the school canteen serves

organic carrots, dried fruit and fresh seasonal fruit in bags for 10p,

B_______________________.

Southdown's healthy eating initiative began four years ago with the start of a breakfast

club. Now Ms Culley, the head teacher of the school, says that the teachers very clearly see the

link between diet and concentration. “Children's concentration and behaviour

C_______________________.” The teachers would also like to give the children the experience

of eating together. It turned out that some children weren't used to that.

Pupils are also encouraged to find out more about where their food comes from by

D_______________________. Parents are also involved and are invited in to try school dinners

on special occasions, E _______________________. The efforts of staff, pupils and parents to

create a healthy eating environment were recognized earlier this month

F_______________________ the Best School Dinner award.

Ms Culley said: “We are happy to win this award. Healthy eating is at the centre of

everything we do. It's really rewarding to see so many children enjoy real food.”

1. such as Easter and Christmas

2. visiting a local farm

3. local, fresh and organic where possible

4. provide good quality food

5. definitely improve after a good meal

6. and about 100 bags are sold each day

7. when the school was awarded




Вариант 21




Walking is not enough to keep fit

Walking may not be enough on its own to produce significant health benefits, research

suggests. A team from Canada’s University of Alberta compared a 10,000-step exercise

programme with a more traditional fitness regime of moderate intensity. Researchers found

improvements A _______________________ were significantly higher in the second group.

They told an American College of Sports Medicine meeting that gentle exercise was

B_______________________. In total 128 people took C _______________________. The

researchers assessed influence on fitness by measuring blood pressure and lung capacity. They

found out the 10,000-step programme did help to get people motivated – and was an excellent

way to start D _______________________. But to increase the effectiveness, some intensity

must be added to their exercise. “Across your day, while you are achieving those 10,000 steps,

take 200 to 400 of them at a faster pace. You've got to do more than light exercise and include

regular moderate activity, and don't be shy to have an occasional period of time at an energetic

level.” The researchers were concerned there was too much focus E _______________________,

rather than on its intensity.

Professor Stuart Biddle, an expert in exercise science at the University of Loughborough,

said it was possible that the current guidelines on how much exercise to take were set too low.

“However, you have got to find F _______________________. The harder you make it, the fewer

people will actually do it.” Professor Biddle said there was no doubt that energetic exercise was

the way to get fit, but volume rather than intensity might be more useful in tackling issues such

as obesity.

1. part in the project

2. taking exercise

3. gave marked health benefits

4. in fitness levels

5. on simply getting people to take exercise

6. not enough to get fit

7. a compromise between physiology and psychology




Вариант 22




Double-decker Bus

A double-decker bus is a bus that has two levels. While double-decker long-distance buses are in

widespread use around the world, A _______________________. Double-decker buses are popular in some

European cities and in some parts of Asia, usually in former British colonies. Many towns around the world

have a few that specialize in short sight-seeing tours for tourists because, as William Gladstone observed,

"the way to see London is from the top of a 'bus'".

Double-decker buses are taller than other buses. They are extensively used in the United Kingdom,

B_______________________, removed from normal service in December 2005 - they still operate on

heritage routes. Elsewhere in Europe, double-deckers are used throughout the Dublin Bus network in Ireland,

where they are making a comeback on Dublin's outer suburban routes and also the streets of Cork, Limerick,

Galway and Waterford. They are a common sight in Berlin, where the BVG makes extensive use of them.

Double-decker long-distance coaches are also in widespread use throughout Europe.

Most buses in Hong Kong and about half in Singapore are double-deckers as well. The only areas in

North America that C _______________________ are the western Canadian province of British Columbia

and the United States city of Las Vegas. They are currently being tested in Ottawa on the express routes. The

city of Davis, California, in the United States uses vintage double-decker buses for public transport. Davis,

California is also home to the first vintage double-decker bus converted from diesel gasoline to run on CNG.

The city of Victoria, BC, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, and a couple of others use Dennis Tridents.

A few are also used as tour buses, especially in New York. Double-deckers are have also been used in

Mumbai since 1937.

In Brazil, D _______________________, some companies use double-decker buses. Double-deckers

are not a good option for use outside the towns (most roads in Brazil are in very poor condition), and

E_______________________.

Double-decker buses are in widespread use in India in many of the major cities. Some double-decker

buses F _______________________, with no roof and shallow sides. These are popular for sightseeing tours.

1. double-deckers are adored by thousands of tourists

2. use double-decker buses for public transport

3. double-decker city buses are less common

4. where perhaps the most famous was the London Routemaster

5. their use is being discouraged by transportation authorities

6. have an open upper deck

7. where buses are sometimes the only interstate transport




Вариант 23




Fire crews hunt escaped hamster

Eight firefighters have been called in to help find an escaped hamster. Two crews used a

chocolate-covered camera and a vacuum cleaner A _______________________, called Fudgie,

at the home of a six-year-old girl in Dunbar, Scotland.

The girl’s mother said: "We came down for breakfast and discovered Fudgie had opened the top

lid of her cage and had made her way into the kitchen and we think she has gone

B_______________________."

The fire crews spent five hours trying to recover the pet after it ran down a hole in the

kitchen floor. But, the hamster still refused C _______________________. In the search for

Fudgie, the firefighters took the family cooker and gas pipes apart. They also dropped a mini-

camera coated with chocolate under the floorboards.

They then hoped to take out the hamster using a vacuum cleaner. Despite all their efforts, they

failed to find Fudgie.

In the end, the firefighters put another camera down the hole

D_______________________, connected to the screen of the family home computer, to see if

Fudgie appeared. Besides, the girl and her parents regularly dropped food

E_______________________.

At last, after eight days the hamster returned to her cage safe and sound. She crawled from

the hole in the kitchen floor early in the morning. It was the girl’s father who first found Fudgie

F _______________________.

The girl said that day it was like Christmas morning for her. Her parents added that they

too felt extremely happy when Fudgie had finally returned.

1. through a small hole in the floor

2. through the hole for the hamster

3. and locked the runaway hamster

4. to come out of the hole

5. to look after the pet

6. to try and locate the missing hamster

7. and left it under the floorboards




Вариант 24




Speed of eating is 'key to obesity'

If you eat very quickly, it may be enough to increase your risk of being overweight,

research suggests.

Osaka University scientists looked at the eating habits of 3,000 people. Just about half of

them told researchers that they A _______________________. Compared with those who did

not eat quickly, fast-eating men were 84% more likely to be overweight, and women were 100%

more likely to B _______________________.

Japanese scientists said that there were a number of reasons why eating fast

C_______________________. They said it could prevent the work of a signalling system which

tells your brain to stop eating because your stomach is full. They said: "If you eat quickly you

basically fill your stomach before the system has a chance to react, so you

D_______________________."

The researchers also explained that a mechanism that helps make us fat today, developed

with evolution and helped people get more food in the periods when they were short of it. The

scientists added that the habit of eating fast could be received from one's parents genes or

E_______________________.

They said that, if possible, children should be taught to F _______________________, and

allowed to stop when they felt full up at mealtimes. "The advice of our grandmothers about

chewing everything 20 times might be true - if you take a bit more time eating, it could have a

positive influence on your weight."

1. just overfill your stomach

2. could be bad for your weight

3. have a habit of eating quickly

4. linked to obesity

5. eat as slowly as possible

6. put on weight

7. learned at a very early age




Вариант 25




Hi-tech brings families together

Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a report carried out in

the US.

Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are

A_______________________. The research looked at the differences in technology use between

families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have more hi-tech

gadgets in their home B _______________________. Several mobile phones were found in 89%

of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet connection. The research also found that 58% of

families have more C _______________________.

Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate with parents and

children. Seventy percent of couples, D _______________________, use it every day to chat or

say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact their children via their mobile

every day.

The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means that families no

longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of those who took part in the report said

they now spend less time E _______________________. Only 58% of 18-29 year olds said they

watched TV every day. Instead the research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their

families go online F _______________________ several times a week and 51% of parents

browse the web with their children.

"Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but we see that

technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around cell phones and the Internet," said

the report.

1. than any other group

2. watching television

3. in the company of someone else

4. than two computers in the home

5. communicated with their families

6. helping them communicate

7. owning a mobile




Вариант 26




The Power Of 'Hello'

I work at a company where there are hundreds of employees. I know most of them and

almost all of them know me. It is all based on one simple principle: I believe every single person

deserves to be acknowledged, A ___________________.

When I was about 10 years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped

to speak to Mr. Lee. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood,

B___________________.

After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother said something that has stuck with me from that day

until now. She said, "You let that be the last time you ever walk by somebody and not open up

your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail C ___________________". That phrase

sounds simple, but it has been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am. I started to see

that when I spoke to someone, they spoke back. And that felt good. It is not just something I

believe in; D ___________________. I believe that every person deserves to feel someone

acknowledges their presence, no matter how unimportant they may be.

At work, I always used to say 'hello' to the founder of the company and ask him how our

business was doing. But I was also speaking to the people in the cafe, and asked how their

children were doing. I remembered after a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage

to ask him for a meeting. We had a great talk. At a certain point, I asked him

E___________________. He said, "If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat."

I have become vice president, but that has not changed the way I approach people. I speak

to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I have learned that speaking to people creates a pathway

into their world, F ___________________.

1. it has become a way of life

2. when it passes you on the street

3. when you see him and talk to him

4. and it lets them come into mine, too

5. so I did not pay any attention to him

6. however small or simple the greeting is

7. how far he thought I could go in his company




Вариант 27




Friendship and Love

A strong friendship takes a significant amount of time to develop. It will not just magically

mature overnight. A friendship involves committing oneself to help another person

A_______________________. I believe that nothing can replace a true friend, not material

objects, or money, and definitely not a boy.

I met this guy a couple summers ago who I ended up spending almost all of my free time

with. His parents did not approve of our dating because of our age difference,

B_______________________. He had told me the day we met that he had joined the air force

and would leave for overseas that coming October. After three months had past, the time came

when he had to leave. This left me feeling completely alone.

I turned to my friends for support, but to my surprise, C _______________________. I

had spent so much time with this guy and so little time with them, that they did not feel sorry for

me when he left. For so long they had become the only constant in my life, and I had taken them

for granted over something D _______________________.

When my boyfriend came back, our relationship changed. I tried to fix all the aspects in

my life that had gone so wrong in the previous six months.

This experience taught me that true friendships will only survive if one puts forth effort to

make them last. Keeping friends close will guarantee that E _______________________. When

a relationship falls apart, a friend will always do everything in their power to make everything

less painful. As for me, I try to keep my friends as close as I can. I know they will always support

me in whatever I do, and to them, F _______________________.

1. but we did anyway

2. whenever a need arises

3. they did not really care

4. whenever they need your help

5. I could not guarantee would even last

6. I am eternally grateful for a second chance

7. someone will always have a shoulder to cry on




Вариант 28




Natural links in a long chain of being

I believe we are not alone. Even if I am on the other side of the world from the farmhouse

I live in, I still dream of the ancient vines out the window, and the shed out back that my

grandfather's father built in 1870 with eucalyptus trunks. As long as I can recreate these images,

A _______________________.

All of us need some grounding in our modern world of constant moving, buying, selling,

meeting and leaving. Some find constancy in religion, others in friends or community. But we

need some daily signposts that we are not different, not better, B _______________________.

For me, this house, farm, these ancient vines are those roots. Although I came into this world

alone and will leave alone, I am not alone.

There are ghosts of dozens of conversations in the hallways, stories I remember about

buying new plows that now rust in the barnyard and ruined crops from the same vines

C_______________________.

All of us are natural links in a long chain of being, and that I need to know what time of

day it is, what season is coming, whether the wind is blowing north or from the east, and if the

moon is still full tomorrow night, D _______________________.

The physical world around us constantly changes, E _______________________. We

must struggle in our brief existence to find some transcendent meaning and so find relief in the

knowledge F _______________________.

You may find that too boring, living with the past as present. I find it refreshing. There is

an old answer to every new problem, that wise whispers of the past are with us. If we just listen

and remember, we are not alone; we have been here before.

1. I never quite leave home

2. but human nature does not

3. that we are now harvesting

4. but we as well as our heart did not

5. not worse than those who came before us

6. just as the farmers who came before me did

7. that our ancestors have gone through this before




Вариант 29




My Stage

My family moved to Rockaway, New Jersey in the summer of 1978. It was there that my

dreams of stardom began.

I was nine years old. Heather Lambrix lived next door, and she and I became best friends.

I thought she was so lucky A _______________________. She took tap and jazz and got to wear

cool costumes with bright sequences and makeup and perform on stage. I went to all of her

recitals and B _______________________.

My living room and sometimes the garage were my stage. I belonged to a cast of four,

which consisted of Heather, my two younger sisters, Lisa and Faith, and I. Since I was the oldest

and the bossiest, I was the director. Heather came with her own costumes

C_______________________. We choreographed most of our dance numbers as we went along.

Poor Faith … we would throw her around D _______________________. She was only about

four or five … and so agile. We danced around in our bathing suits to audiocassettes and records

from all the Broadway musicals. We’d put a small piece of plywood on the living room carpet,

E _______________________. And I would imitate her in my sneakers on the linoleum in the

hall. I was a dancer in the making.

My dad eventually converted a part of our basement into a small theater. He hung two

“spotlights” and a sheet for a curtain. We performed dance numbers to tunes like “One” and “The

Music and the Mirror” from A Chorus Line. I sang all the songs from Annie. I loved to sing,

F_______________________. I just loved to sing. So I belted out songs like “Tomorrow”,

“Maybe” and “What I Did For Love.” I knew then, this is what I wanted to do with my life.

1. and I designed the rest

2. and I was star struck

3. because she got to go to dance lessons

4. like she was a rag doll

5. whether I was good at it or not

6. wished I, too, could be on stage

7. so Heather could do her tap routine




Вариант 30




The Show Begins

My Uncle Jim took me to all the Broadway shows in New York City, and I was star struck!

Actually he wasn’t my real uncle – that’s just what we called him. He was a close friend of my

parents. He was a bit stocky with red hair, A _______________________.

I remember the theaters on Broadway, B _______________________. The curtains were

made of this real heavy, dark red material. There were huge chandelier lights hanging from the

ceiling. The walls were dark, paneled wood. The seats were red and cushy

C_______________________.

The orchestra sat at the base of the stage in a pit. I usually went down to the front to see

the musicians D _______________________. They were all crammed into such a tiny space. I

played the flute myself and my dad kept encouraging me that if I kept it up,

E_______________________. But truly, I didn’t want to be tucked away down there. I wanted

to be on top, front and center.

Most people dressed rather finely, and certain fragrances took center stage as various

women passed by. The sounds of the audience F _______________________ at their seats were

clearly heard while last minute patrons filled in. There was electricity in the air and then the lights

would go down and up, and you knew it was time for the show to get started. The lights dimmed.

The music began. And you were swept up into a whole new world. I loved it!

1. I could be playing down there someday

2. and set real close together

3. which were so old and posh

4. and he had a beard and moustache

5. I wasn’t that good at music

6. getting ready and warming up

7. laughing and chattering away




Вариант 31




Scouting moves ahead

The Scout Movement, which is also known as the Boy Scouts has changed massively in

more than 100 years, though many people do not realise this.

For many people in Britain the word “scouting” evokes images of boys in short trousers

A__________. Many people imagine that the Scout Association and its female counterpart the

Guides Association are old-fashioned. They think these associations are for people B__________

than the future, people who just like camping in the rain and washing in cold water.

It’s quite easy to understand why Scouts and Guides have this sort of image. The “Boy

Scouts” were founded over 100 years ago by Robert Baden-Powell, a retired English army

general; the “Girl Guides” followed three years later. They were organised in an almost military

manner. Young people had to learn discipline and how to do things as a group. They

C__________ in difficult conditions, learnt to make campfires and, yes, they certainly had to get

used to washing in cold water. In those days though, that D__________ many people washed in

cold water.

Nevertheless, even at the start, there was much more to scouting than that. Scouts and

Guides also learned the value of solidarity. Right from the start, they had to cope with difficult

situations, E__________, and play a useful part in society. Baden-Powell’s organisations were

inclusive, and never exclusive; any young person could become a Scout or a Guide, regardless of

race, background or religion.

Though the Scout and Guide movements began in England, they soon spread to other

countries, and within 50 years, scouting F__________ with young people all over the world.

1. who are more interested in the past

2. and girls in blue uniforms

3. that were generally better

4. was not particularly unusual as

5. went on camping expeditions

6. interact with other people

7. had become a popular activity




Вариант 32




Visiting the Royal Parks

London has a well-deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe, with a huge

number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists A__________ can always relax in

a lovely, quiet London park.

The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde Park,

Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully maintained and

popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs,

preserved as open space B__________. They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer,

enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring C__________.

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London D__________ and through some

of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially

during the busy summer months.

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places E__________.

These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children's

play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly

sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs

F__________. In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer. The

Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

1. that take cyclists away from traffic

2. while the city has grown up around them

3. and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives

4. that are displayed during the nesting season

5. who does not know the route to the place of destination

6. where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead

7. who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing




Вариант 33




Archaeology done underwater

Nautical archaeology is the science of finding, collecting, preserving, and studying human

objects that have become lost or buried under water. It is a fairly modern field of study since it

depends on having the technology to be able to remain underwater for some time to do real work.

Whether it is conducted in freshwater or in the sea, A__________, nautical archaeology is another

way of learning more about the human past.

Although some use the words nautical archaeology to mean a specialized branch of

underwater archaeology, B__________, most consider the term to mean the same as the words

underwater archaeology or marine archaeology. All of these interchangeable terms mean simply

C__________.

Once real trade began, it is safe to say D__________ was probably transported over water

at some point in time. By studying submerged objects, we can learn more about past human

cultures. In fact, studying ancient artifacts is the only way to learn anything about human societies

E__________. Being able to examine the actual objects made and used by ancient people not

only adds to the written records they left behind, but allows us to get much closer to the reality

of what life was like when they lived. Also, if we pay close attention to how the objects were

made and used, we begin to get a more realistic picture of F__________.

1. what those people were really like

2. and what was discovered underwater

3. that nearly every object made by humans

4. and whether it finds sunken ships or old cities

5. that existed long before the invention of writing

6. that it is the study of archaeology done underwater

7. which is concerned only with ships and the history of seafaring




Вариант 34




Skip the sun, get a glow the healthy way

Everyone at some point has wanted a “healthy glow,” whether it’s a must-have for summer,

or a vacation, the thought of tan skin has crossed the minds of millions. If you are pale, it

A__________. There is wild excitement when after a day in the sun your skin is tan, not burnt.

Surely everyone is familiar with the famous conversation upon the realization that you got fried

at the beach. Your friends reassure you with “Don’t worry it B__________.” It may all seem like

fun and games at the time, but alarming new research C__________.

Some tan-seekers do it the old-fashioned way, grab a towel and hit the pool or beach.

Recently, millions of young girls D__________ instead. Regardless of how the tan is achieved,

any change in skin coloring is evidence of skin cell damage. This can lead to cancer. According

to the Skin Cancer Foundation, melanoma, or skin cancer, among people aged 18 to 39 has risen

dramatically. In the United States the number of skin cancer cases due to tanning, is higher than

the number of lung cancer cases due to smoking.

While it is true that being outside and active is great for your body and the sun does provide

vitamin D, everyone’s health still needs protecting. However, it’s E__________, limit time spent

in direct sunlight, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., and wear sunscreen at all times. A

fashionable option is the sun hat: both elegant and fun. Big floppy hats may seem ridiculous at

first, but F__________.

Another advice is to look into sunless tanners: They are cheap and in no way endanger the

lives of users. So, fake it, don’t bake it!

1. takes a lot of time and effort to tan

2. have been turning to tanning beds

3. they are actually quite classy accessories

4. better to avoid indoor tanning

5. have inspired people to get their skin checked

6. will eventually turn into a tan

7. has taken the healthy out of healthy glow




Вариант 35




Grant-making agency

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) is an independent grant-making

agency of the United States government. Established in 1965, it is one of the largest sources of

grant funds for humanities projects and programs in the U.S. NEH promotes knowledge of the

history, thought, and culture, not only of the United States, A__________.

NEH grants facilitate research and original scholarship, strengthen teaching and learning

in the humanities in American schools and colleges, give opportunities for citizens to engage in

lifelong learning, B__________.

The Endowment is directed by a chairman, C__________ and confirmed by the U.S.

Senate for a term of four years. Advising the chairman is the National Council on the Humanities,

a board of 26 distinguished private citizens D__________ with the advice of the Senate. The

National Council members serve six-year terms.

NEH grants are typically awarded to U.S. cultural institutions, such as museums, archives,

libraries, colleges, universities, and public television and radio stations, E__________. Eligibility

is limited to U.S. non-profit institutions and to U.S. citizens and foreigners F__________ prior

to the time of application. Grants are awarded through a competitive process. The chairman takes

into account the advice provided by the review process and, by law, makes all funding decisions.

1. who is appointed by the president

2. but of other countries of the world

3. but in every aspect of social sciences

4. who are also appointed by the president

5. who have been living in the U.S. for three years

6. as well as to individual scholars of the humanities

7. as well as provide access to cultural and educational resources




Вариант 36




The Bonfire Night

The 5th of November has always had a very special place in my heart. More important than

New Year’s Eve, but probably less important than the Olympics ceremonies, the 5th of November

every year is A __________ all over the country to go wild!

The night of the 5th is often cold and damp and parents wrap up their children in layers of

jumpers, coats, hats, scarves and gloves. They fuss over the littlest B __________ aren’t scared.

They comfort their pets and give them a safe place to curl up inside, away from the cacophony

about to start outside.

Outside the bonfire is C __________ up your nose. If you’re lucky, there might be some

pumpkin soup left over from Halloween to warm you up, because in spite of all the layers and

the excitement, you’ll still need warming up until the bonfire gets going!

When it’s absolutely dark and the bonfire is blazing, the children and parents huddle

together in groups, staring up at the sky. What are they waiting for? The screech of the first

firework deafens them all and D __________. The “oohs” and “aaahs” of the crowd keep perfect

time with the “kabooms” of the rockets. With every firework that lights up the sky, parents watch

the delight grow on their children’s faces and sigh with relief.

After the grand finale, they make their way home with the noises still echoing in their ears.

An extra special treat E __________! Waving them through the chilly air, spelling out names and

drawing pictures, even the oldest members of the family remember how to be kids!

This is what the 5th of November means to me. Every year, it F __________ such bright

and colourful fireworks and heard such loud bangs. I really hope I never grow out of it!

1. differences in traditions

2. children and hope that they

3. the day for fireworks lovers

4. the explosion lights up the sky

5. feels like the first time I’ve seen

6. waits at home though: sparklers

7. lit and the smell of smoke creeps




Вариант 37




Earth-sheltered homes

Earth-sheltered or simply underground homes are one of those creations by man, which

brings him closer to nature. Unlike the normal traditional houses that A __________, these earth-

sheltered homes are built using the shelter of the ground. Earth-sheltered homes can be easily

made in hilly areas.

The basic idea behind the construction of such a house is that they are built with the idea

of B __________ and each of these homes is built entirely different from each other.

The construction of these homes is usually done according to the shape of the area where

the house is built. Their designs C __________ to the nature. The early earth houses which were

initially built lacked windows. Modern day earth-sheltered homes though have windows as well

as any other facility that the people living there might require.

Some of the major benefits of earth-sheltered homes are that they are naturally insulating.

This makes them cool in the summer and cozy and warm in the winter. Another advantage

D__________ and are well protected from earthquakes as well as wind-storms. Many earth-

sheltered homes are also defended against intruders since there is usually only one entry.

As everything has its pros and cons, earth-sheltered homes also do. The interior decoration

of these homes, like placing the furniture or huge paintings, E __________. These homes also

have dark spaces inside and for this reason, lots of lighting is essential.

Earth-sheltered homes are one of the greenest housing designs that combines Mother

Nature with eco-friendly F __________.

1. are built on the ground

2. are usually very organic

3. is being built facing south

4. being environmentally friendly

5. building materials and lifestyle

6. is that these homes are safe from fire

7. can be difficult due to the construction




Вариант 38




Australia

Australia is one of the world’s most ethnically diverse nations. Nearly a quarter of the

people who live in Australia A __________. They come from the United Kingdom and other

European countries, but also from China, Vietnam, North Africa, and the Middle East.

First people arrived in Australia about 50,000 years ago. They B __________ land bridges

when sea levels were lower. The next to land in Australia were Dutch explorers. They came in

1606. In 1788 the British began to settle there. Many settlers C __________ as punishment. For

a short time, the newcomers lived peacefully with the Aboriginal people.

In 1851, gold was discovered in Australia. A rush to find riches brought D __________

1859, six separate colonies were created which later became part of the British Commonwealth.

Australian culture is founded on stories of battlers, bushrangers and brave soldiers. Today

E __________ its Aboriginal heritage, vibrant mix of cultures, innovative ideas and a thriving

ecosystem.

Australia’s ecosystem is an unusual one because of its remote location. As a result, there

are F __________ and nowhere else in the world, such as kangaroo and koala.

One of Australia’s most amazing sites rises like an enormous whale’s back from a flat

desert called the Red Center. It is a sacred natural formation at the heart of the country and the

largest rock in the world!

1. Australia is one of the most

2. were born in other countries

3. Australia also defines itself by

4. many animal species that occur here

5. may have travelled from Asia across

6. thousands of new immigrants, and by

7. were criminals sent to live in Australia




Вариант 39




Living nature in Madeira

Right in the middle of the Atlantic, the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo are a haven of

natural beauty. The exotic colours of the flowers stand out from among the blue sea and the

emerald green vegetation. This is an archipelago where the big territory is a protected area and

A__________ is located.

The Madeira Natural Park was created in 1982 to preserve this vast natural heritage, a

worldwide rarity. The park is classified as a Biogenetic Reserve, B __________, with some rare

species such as the mountain orchid, unique in the world, and also some exotic large trees. To

visit this park is to discover Nature! The park covers about two-thirds of the island, making

Madeira a truly ecological destination.

The springtime temperature, C __________, cries out for open air activities. Visitors can

go for a walk in the park, visit the city of Funchal or roam freely around the island. Boat rides

are an excellent way of D __________. In such a naturally welcoming environment, balance and

well-being are taken for granted. Madeira offers various tourist complexes E __________.

Popular feasts, F __________, are opportunities to appreciate traditional gastronomic

flavours and see Madeira partying, especially for the Carnival parades, the Flower festival, the

Atlantic festival and, above all, the end-of-year fireworks display.

1. which is felt all year round

2. which take place in Madeira all year round

3. where the largest laurel forest in the world

4. admiring the coastline from a different perspective

5. where one can find a unique range of flora and fauna

6. choosing this holiday destination for its natural beauty

7. that have prime conditions for boating and scuba diving




Вариант 40




Wild animals in cities

Have you ever seen bears in Vancouver parks, leopards on the streets of Mumbai or wild

pigs in gardens in Berlin? Recently, there A __________ on TV about big animals coming into

towns and cities. What happens when wild animals come into our cities? Is it dangerous for us

and the animals?

Wild animals usually come into cities to look for food. In Cape Town, South Africa,

baboons sometimes come into the suburbs. They eat fruit from gardens and go into people’s

kitchens and take food from cupboards and fridges! Baboons are B __________ children and

fight with pet dogs. Many people do not like them, but the city can be dangerous for baboons too.

Sometimes, baboons are C __________ human food can be very bad for their teeth. The city

council in Cape Town has a team of Baboon Monitors whose job is to find baboons D__________

to the countryside. This makes the city safer for people and is healthier for the baboons. However,

the main problem is that a lot of baboons will come back to the city to find food again.

In Berlin, Germany, groups of wild pigs have come into the city for hundreds of years, but

now the winters are warmer, there are even more pigs than in the past. Pigs eat flowers and plants

and dig in gardens and parks in the city. They also E __________ accidents. Some city residents

like the pigs and give them food. But the city council is worried about the traffic accidents, so

they F __________ have put up fences to stop the pigs coming into the city.

1. cause lots of problems

2. in the city and take them back

3. walk in the street and cause traffic

4. hurt in car accidents and the sugar in

5. strong animals and sometimes they scare

6. have been many reports in newspapers and

7. have told people to stop giving the pigs food and




Вариант 41




Beaches of Portugal

Covering more than 850 km, the Portuguese coast boasts such a large number of fine, white

sandy beaches that it is almost impossible to keep count. All bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and

all different, their beauty is hard to describe, so there is nothing better A __________.

The most famous are in the Algarve. With three thousand hours of sun per year and warm

waters, there are beaches to suit every taste and many dreamlike resorts. The choices are many,

from sandy stretches extending as far as the eye can see B __________, the trade image of the

region. They are always accompanied by a calm clear sea, C __________.

In Costa da Caparica, the beaches are particularly dear to Lisbonites D __________ for sun

and sea bathing. There are deserted beaches here too, of a wild beauty, E __________ nature. In

the centre, tourists will find very wide sandy stretches, to which traditional fishing adds a

picturesque touch. And further north, the colder waters and the invigorating sea are tempered by

the welcoming atmosphere and the clean air of the mountains and the forests.

Despite all their differences, all beaches share one thing – quality. They are safe and offer

a wide range of support and recreational services, F __________. And a large number of

Portuguese beaches are granted the European blue flag every year, a distinction that is a sign of

their excellent conditions.

1. which meet every need of their users

2. than to discover them once for oneself

3. which is ideal for various water sports

4. where one can enjoy close contact with

5. who has never been to this wonderful city

6. to the smaller coves, sheltered by huge cliffs

7. who have different options around the capital




Вариант 42




Europe’s best hidden gems

There are incredible destinations in Europe known worldwide, such as Amsterdam and its

canals, London and its museums, its shopping and atmosphere, or Paris, the City of Light. Europe

also has thousands of hidden treasures. There is a wide selection of the finest unknown

destinations in Europe, from Lugano in Switzerland A __________.

Lugano is an international city, the crossroads and melting pot of European culture. It

constitutes one of the most interesting regions to be discovered. Lugano is not only Switzerland’s

third most important financial centre, B __________ old buildings.

The area of Cinque Terre in Italy represents one of the best preserved natural sights of the

Mediterranean. Human activity has contributed to creating a unique landscape in which the

development of typical stone walls is so extensive C __________. All this, D __________, makes

the Cinque Terre an increasingly popular location among Italian and foreign tourists.

Sintra is a jewel set between the mountains and the sea, waiting to be discovered by tourists

E __________, luxuriant nature and cosmopolitan cultural offer. Sintra has a wonderful charm

that left a deep impression on the soul and work of the writers F __________. Sintra is truly the

capital of Romanticism. It is a place to be experienced by everyone!

1. but showed evidence of an early human housing

2. to Cinque Terre in Italy and Sintra in Portugal

3. as to equal that of the famous Great Wall of China

4. but also a town of parks and flowers, villas and

5. who want to be lost in its majestic historical heritage

6. combined with the beauty of a crystal clear sea

7. who pioneered the Romantic spirit in the eighteenth century




Вариант 43




Beautiful cities of Italy

The political and cultural centre of Italy is the ‘Eternal City’, Rome. Ever since the Roman

Empire, as its capital, Rome has become famous as a centre of European culture. The most

striking sights of Rome are, of course, the Colosseum and the Forum. Once the Colosseum was

able to receive about 50 thousand spectators, A __________ and concert halls. The Pantheon, the

old temple of all gods, B __________, is also located in Rome.

The second most important town in Italy is Milan. Milan is the capital of fashion and

C__________, exhibitions and conferences. The main attraction of Milan is its Cathedral Square,

where the monument to the King Victor Emmanuel II is installed. Theatre fans will not be left

disappointed by visiting the Theatre of La Scala.

The most popular city among tourists is Venice. The city is unique because it has more

than 120 islands, D __________ and 400 bridges. Venice has been known for more than fifteen

hundred years, and for E __________. The main area of the city is Saint Mark’s Square with the

Cathedral of San Marco. One of the most beautiful buildings in Venice is the Palace of Doges.

The other famous attraction is the Grand Canal F __________.

In addition to this, there are such beautiful cities in Italy as Naples, Turin, Florence, Genoa,

Pisa and the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. All of them are outstanding places to visit.

1. that is the largest in Venice

2. which was built in the early I century

3. that everyone is dreaming about this trip

4. which is comparable with modern stadiums

5. which are connected by more than 150 canals

6. the venue for major international festivals

7. that time it produced a lot of attractions




Вариант 44




City of fountains

Peterhof is a monument of world architecture and palace and park art. Peterhof includes a

palace and park ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, A__________. Peterhof is a city of fountains

as it contains 173 fountains and 4 cascades B__________. Each year up to 3 million people come

here to enjoy the splendour of numerous fountains and the unique parks of Peterhof.

The name Peterhof was first mentioned in 1705. It was a coastal manor, close to which the

construction of a grand country residence began. The original plan belonged to Peter the Great.

After the brilliant victory of Russian troops over the Swedes, security of St. Petersburg both from

the land C__________. Since that time, the construction of the Peterhof residence grew

immensely in scope.

According to the plan of Peter the Great, on the one hand, Peterhof was meant to be equal

in splendour with the most famous royal residences in Europe, D__________ to access the Baltic

Sea. Both were successfully done. The Great Palace was built on a natural hill here,

E__________. Following the plan of Peter the Great, F__________, the Grand Cascade with the

famous Samson fountain was constructed. This is still one of the most spectacular fountains in

the world. In 1990 the palaces and parks of Peterhof were included in the list of the world heritage

of UNESCO.

1. and from the sea has been firmly ensured

2. which is a former royal countryside residence

3. who designs many royal residences in Europe

4. and then rebuilt in the baroque style in the 18th century

5. who wanted to decorate the main entrance with waterfalls

6. that are located in the park on the coast of the Gulf of Finland

7. and on the other hand, to become a monument of Russia’s struggle




Вариант 45




Peter and Paul Fortress

The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic

core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.

Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands

by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was

necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May,

1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day

is well known A__________.

The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B__________. The Peter’s Gate

on the east side, C__________, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul

Cathedral, D__________ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after

the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E__________,

is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint

building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the

fortress F__________ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly

participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political

prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of

St. Petersburg.

1. that are located at the corners

2. which was designed by D. Trezzini

3. as the most protected part of the city

4. which was the burial place of Russian

5. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg

6. and reminding of the rich history of the city

7. which is located on the spire of the cathedral




Вариант 46




Sights of Sochi

Sochi is unique among other Russian cities because it has many aspects of a subtropical

resort. Apart from the scenic Caucasus Mountains, pebble and sand beaches, the city attracts

tourists with its vegetation, numerous parks, monuments, and extravagant architecture. About

two million people visit Greater Sochi each summer, A__________. The famous Caucasian

Biosphere Reserve, B__________, lies just north from the city.

Popularity of Sochi among tourists is largely explained by the beauty of its surroundings.

Walking along the river Agura, everyone will admire the nature around, C__________, and

amazing waterfalls. From the bridge over the Agura opens a magnificent view to the lowest Agura

waterfall. In the shady Agura gorge tourists will feel the gentle coolness, D__________.

Akhun Mountain undefined the biggest in the region undefined has a beautiful tower on

the top. The height of the tower is more than 30 metres, E__________ are stunning. The

observation platform on the top of the tower gives a chance to take superb pictures of the city.

Every year thousands of people visit this stone tower, F__________ the perfect view of the Black

Sea coast and the Caucasus Mountains. It is a truly unforgettable experience. Tourists will enjoy

visiting all the sights and the resort itself, full of exotic green and the boundless blue of the Black

Sea.

1. and the views that open from it

2. which is built on the top to give visitors

3. when the subtropical resort is almost empty

4. which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

5. enjoying the sound of birds singing and waterfalls gurgling

6. when the city is home to the annual film festival “Kinotavr”

7. including high cliffs, exotic vegetation, breathtaking canyons




Вариант 47




Saint Petersburg

A city of palaces and museums, broad avenues and narrow canals, St. Petersburg’s short

history is rich in architectural and artistic treasures. Alongside world-famous attractions such as

the Hermitage and St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the city has a lot of equally interesting buildings

A__________. St. Petersburg is considered to be Russia’s cultural capital. It reflects the country’s

extraordinary fate like no other city.

St. Petersburg is a relatively young city, by both Russian and European standards, as

B__________. Despite its short life, the city has a rich history. From the early days of Peter the

Great to modern times, the city has always bustled with life and intrigue.

Lying across the delta of the Neva River, St. Petersburg, the Venice of the North, is a city

C__________, some of which are well-known for their unique history. Bridges are an essential

part of the city’s architectural make-up. Among the city’s over 500 bridges, there are numerous

technological masterpieces. The centre of the city offers vast areas of green space, D__________.

St. Petersburg is a beautiful and fascinating holiday destination and one E__________.

Whether to visit the city in a romantic and snowy Russian winter F__________, visitors will be

spellbound by St. Petersburg’s culture and beauty.

1. that is built on hundreds of islands

2. or during the dazzling white nights in summer

3. it was only founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great

4. or considering a variety of the trip accommodation offers

5. that reveal the mysterious and tragic genius of St. Petersburg

6. of the most intriguing and historically significant cities in Europe

7. including beautiful historic gardens and extensive leisure parks




Вариант 48




Nevsky Prospect

Nevsky Prospect is the main and most famous street of St. Petersburg. The unique

architectural ensemble of Nevsky Prospect was formed during the 18th – early 20th centuries. It

starts from the bank of the Neva River, runs through the centre of the city and ends at the Neva

River. The whole history of St. Petersburg can be seen in the history of the avenue. The length

of Nevsky Prospect is 4.5 km, the width is 25-60 m. The narrowest section is located from the

Admiralty to the Moika River, A__________.

After the construction of the Admiralty in 1704 and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in

1710, it was decided to build a road B__________ each other and with the Novgorod Path, which

was used by Russian merchants. The construction began on both sides at the same time, the roads

were laid through the wood, and in 1760s they were connected into one road, C__________, but

with a turn at the Vosstaniya Square. Nevsky Prospect got its name only in 1783. The road was

paved with cobble stones, D__________. It was the first street in St. Petersburg with gas lighting.

By the early 20th century Nevsky Prospect had become the financial centre of Russia

E__________ had their offices there.

Nowadays, Nevsky Prospect is the centre of cultural and social life of St. Petersburg. There

are museums, theatres, exhibition halls, cinemas, restaurants, cafés, shops F__________.

1. and hotels there or nearby the avenue

2. showing the original width of the avenue

3. which was not as straight as it was planned

4. which were built by famous architects and

5. connecting these two important structures with

6. and a few rows of trees were planted along the street

7. as the 40 largest banks of Russia, Europe and America




Вариант 49




State Hermitage Museum

The Hermitage is St. Petersburg’s most popular visitor attraction, and one of the world’s

largest and most prestigious museums. It is a must-see for all first-time travellers to the city. With

over 3 million items in its collection, it also rewards repeat visits, A__________ of the riches on

offer here, from Impressionist masterpieces to fascinating Oriental treasures. It was estimated

B__________ on display for just one minute. So many visitors prefer a guided tour to ensure

C__________ highlights. Art-lovers, however, may find it more rewarding to seek out for

themselves the works D__________.

The bulk of the Hermitage collection is housed in the Winter Palace, E__________.

However, there are a number of other sites that constitute part of the Hermitage, including the

recently opened Storage Facility in the north of St. Petersburg. It offers guided tours through

some of the museum’s vast stocks. The magnificent General Staff Building opposite the Winter

Palace is most famous for its central triumphal arch, F__________ Nevsky Prospekt. The General

Staff Building contains a number of unique exhibitions. It includes the Modern European Art,

probably the most visited section of the Hermitage with well-known collections of Picasso and

Matisse, as well as a wealth of popular Impressionist paintings.

1. that they are particularly interested in

2. that they have time to catch all the collection’s

3. and new-comers can only hope to get a brief taste

4. which brings pedestrians out on to Palace Square from

5. that one would need eleven years to view each exhibit

6. which was the official residence of the Russian emperors

7. and the exhibition was often visited by military historians




Вариант 50




Letniy Sad

Letniy Sad (The Summer Garden) is a park ensemble, a monument of landscape art of the

18th century. Letniy Sad is the oldest park in St. Petersburg. The park was founded by Peter I in

1704. The Tsar dreamed of his own Versailles and drew its original plan himself. He planned to

create a regular, architectural park with accurate layout and straight paths. Prominent architects

and gardeners took part in its creation. The park was supposed to become a place of relaxation,

A__________.

Letniy Sad is surrounded by water. Natural boundary of the park from the north and east

are the Neva and Fontanka Rivers, B__________.

Peter I brought sculptures from Italy for the park and was very proud of them. In the 18th

century there were more than two hundred sculptures, C__________, or moved to suburban royal

residences and the Hermitage. Now Letniy Sad is decorated with 90 sculptures – copies made of

artificial marble.

In May, 2012 Letniy Sad was opened after reconstruction. The reconstruction work had

been going on for about three years, D__________ Letniy Sad as it was in the 18th century.

Among the new items in Letniy Sad, there is the Archaeological Museum, E__________ during

the restoration of the park. Visitors can take a tour of the park F__________ on Sundays.

1. and restorers have done everything possible to keep

2. combining the features of urban and suburban estates

3. which are planned to be the centre of scientific research

4. which contains interesting objects found by archaeologists

5. but later many of them were either destroyed in the flood

6. and enjoy the exhibitions and performances of a brass band

7. and from the south and west – the Moika River and the Lebyazhiy Canal




Вариант 51




Tourism in Kamchatka

The range of tourist activities in Kamchatka is really wide. The most wide-spread type of

tourism is ecotourism, A__________ and resources of Kamchatka. Fishing, medicinal, cultural

and ethnographical tourism are popular as well. Kamchatka offers almost unlimited possibilities

for those B__________, and gives the chance to climb not only mountains, but volcanoes as well.

Moreover, many rivers in Kamchatka are good for rafting. In winter one should be prepared

for heli-skiing and skiing. In summer trekking, diving, photo safari and bird watching are at one’s

service. Besides, this region has a good recreational potential, C__________ take some rest and

improve health, thanks to the presence of almost every kind of mineral curative water. Visitors

should not forget to try famous Kamchatka dishes, D__________ and other seafood, for example

of salmon, which Kamchatka is really famous for.

Many tourist camps were built in Kamchatka in the past few years. Tourist infrastructure

is getting better and better nowadays. As for natural wonders, tourists should not miss the famous

rock “three brothers” protecting the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The city is located on the

bank of the bay, E__________ bays in the world. There is only one way to get there by plane

from the European part of Russia – from Moscow. The ticket price is quite high, F__________

as possible.

1. who are fond of extreme tourism

2. and tourists may just go there to

3. which are often made of local fish

4. who wants to enjoy the nature as long

5. so one should plan for the journey as early

6. and it is clearly explained by the unique nature

7. which is considered to be one of the most beautiful




Вариант 52




Veliky Novgorod

Veliky Novgorod, one of the most ancient cities of Russia, was founded in the 9-10th

centuries. Veliky Novgorod was a political centre of vast territories stretching up from Baltic

lands to the Urals. For a long time the city had been the largest centre of culture in Russia,

A__________. Many outstanding monuments of medieval architecture and painting have been

preserved in the city.

The Kremlin is one of the most popular sights. It was built in 1044 by order of Prince

Jaroslav the Wise. It is surrounded by a wall 1487 metres long. It once had 12 towers,

B__________. The particular characteristic of the Kremlin is a large number of churches on the

area. The architecture represents the style of the 15th century. The area around the Kremlin is

very well-kept C__________. From the bastions one will have a wonderful view over the whole

city.

The outdoor Vitoslavlitsy Museum of Folk Wooden Architecture is a haven to the people

D__________ with massive skyscrapers, business centres and shopping malls. The museum

presents some excellent examples of wooden structures from different parts and suburbs of

Veliky Novgorod. The scenery here is so quiet E__________ and will just enjoy the stunning

view of the Russian village.

The visit to the city helps to get acquainted with the history and the way of life of common

country folk F__________ in different times.

1. and has a lot of green places

2. but now only 9 of them still exist

3. that they are protected by the state

4. where chronicles and books were created

5. who are tired of modern urban architecture

6. that one will easily forget about all the troubles

7. who lived on the territory of Novgorod principality




Вариант 53




Burns Night

Each year Scottish people across the world celebrate a unique dinner known as “Burns

Night”. This is A__________ called Robert Burns. Traditionally it happens on his birthday, the

25th January. Scotland can be very dark and cold at this time of year, so it’s B__________ with

friends and family. Burns is still an important figure in Scotland and even though he died in 1796

at the age of 37, he was recently voted “The Greatest Scot”. His birthday has become as important

as Scotland’s national day, St Andrew’s Day.

The idea for C__________ soon after his death, and these days is actually quite a

complicated affair. To start people are sat down at the table and the host reads a poem called “The

Selkirk Grace”. It’s normally done in a Scottish dialect which even English people find difficult

to understand. Although Burns probably didn't actually write this, he is known D__________.

Next, soup is served. The highlight though is listening to a bagpiper playing as the main course

of haggis arrives.

Haggis is a special dish made from a mixture of sheep heart, lung and liver and oats, which

is a bit like a giant sausage and surprisingly tasty. So tasty in fact that Robert Burns wrote

E__________. After dinner there’s a speaker, who may recite more poetry and a toast is made to

the memory of Robert Burns. Next F__________ about ladies and a female guest replies with a

funny speech about men. Throughout the rest of the night there is even more of Burns’ poetry.

1. to have read it at a dinner

2. the next course is served which is

3. a male guest makes a funny speech

4. to remember a famous Scottish poet

5. an excellent reason to enjoy a large dinner

6. a poem about it called ‘Address to a Haggis’

7. a dinner started over two hundred years ago




Вариант 54




Moscow Metro

The Moscow Metro is a rapid transit system serving Moscow and the neighbouring

Moscow region towns of Krasnogorsk and Reutov. This is the second in intensity metro system

in the world after the Tokyo subway. The system consists of 12 lines with a total length of 298.8

km, with 182 stations.

The first line was opened on May 15, 1935 A__________ to the station “Park Kultury”,

with a branch to the station “Smolenskaya”. The Moscow Metro was originally named after L.

Kaganovich. Almost from the first years of the Moscow Metro, it was intended B__________.

In April 1941 it was declared C__________ a mass bomb shelter. During World War II thousands

of Muscovites were hiding there from air strikes.

The Moscow Metro is known for the rich decorative design work of many stations with

samples of art of socialist realism. Moscow metro stations are also called “underground palaces

of Moscow” D__________.

The underground complexes are decorated with statues and reliefs, monumental and

decorative compositions such as paintings, mosaics and stained-glass windows, E__________

the country. For instance, stations “Pushkinskaya” and “Ploschad Revolyutsii” are decorated with

76 bronze sculptures by M. Manizer, and “Kropotkinskaya” F__________. Many stations belong

to the most interesting monuments of architecture of 1930–1950. Some of them are officially

protected by the state.

1. to be used for civil defence

2. that the Metro was to be used as

3. and ran from the station “Sokolniki”

4. as they look like magnificent palace halls

5. which were created by the leading artists of

6. which was considered a masterpiece of architecture

7. and “Komsomolskaya-Koltsevaya” with mosaics by P. Korin




Вариант 55




The life of Pi

“The Life of Pi” published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel.

It has A__________, won several prizes and been translated into forty-one languages.

At the start of the book, we B__________ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the

family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the

zoo and he learns a lot about animals.

When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel

by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C__________. Sadly, Pi’s family and

the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra,

orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean.

Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One

by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive.

Luckily for Pi, there is D__________, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger

to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E__________ and show it that he’s

the boss.

Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the

burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of

Mexico, but you will have to F__________ in the end!

1. a terrible storm and the ship sinks

2. received an award for being strong

3. some food and water on the lifeboat

4. sold seven million copies worldwide

5. read the book to find out what happens

6. learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry

7. his knowledge of animals to control the tiger




Вариант 56




Kazan

The exact date of Kazan foundation is unknown. According to the opinions of some

historians, it was founded in the second half of the 13th century, but other specialists believe

A__________. It is located on the banks of the Volga River. Since 1438 the city was the capital

of Kazan Khanate, B__________ Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible.

Nowadays, Kazan is the capital of the Tatarstan republic. Kazan is a large industrial centre

of the region. It witnessed many important historical events. Kazan is a very interesting city from

the architectural point of view. Here one can see old buildings, C__________ to the present day,

for example, the Kremlin with different constructions, the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the Marjani

Mosque.

The Kazan Kremlin is definitely one of the most attractive places in the city. It is a unique

mixture of historical and architectural monuments. The real fortress, with a history lasting

through the ages, and its buildings absorbed pieces of Slavic and Turkic cultures, D__________

Muslim and Christian civilizations. On the territory of the Kazan Kremlin tourists will find a

complex of old buildings, E__________, sandstone constructions of the 16–18th centuries, as

well as some modern museums. Tourists will have a chance to visit a real fortress and feel a

breath of ages while walking inside a unique historical monument, F__________ World Heritage

Sites in 2000.

1. and in 1552 it was conquered by

2. that the city was founded in 1177

3. which have been carefully preserved

4. that the city has many tourist attractions

5. which were created in the 10-15th centuries

6. taking the best parts of urban planning from

7. which was included in the list of the UNESCO



Материалы взяты с сайта fipi.ru

В документе все задания из раздела «Чтение» по состоянию на 01.09.19. Составитель: Намятова Анжела Николаевна

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Чтение › sites › default › files › 2020 › 06 › 01 › ... · London Zoo London Zoo is one of the most important zoos in the world. There are over 12,000 animals