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3.1: What is a resource?
A resource is anything supplied by the earth to satisfy a particular need of humans or other living things
Resources can be renewable (replaced by natural processes) or non-renewable (takes too long to be replaced)
List the resources you can see in this pictureBirds, animals, rocks, soil, water, air & sunlight
Natural Resources Air Soil Temperature Rocks Living things Sunlight Water
The resources listed to the left are natural resources. TheyAre used to make things withProvide us with energy •Almost all life depends on these resources•Many need to be protected by humans to assist our survival
Resources: two categories
Renewable A renewable resources
is one which is replaced by natural processes
The replacement occurs on a timescale shorter than a human life
Air, water, wind, sunlight and living things fit this category
Non- Renewable A non-renewable
resource is one may not be replaced naturally
If the replaced, this happens on a timescale much longer than a human life eg thousands to millions of years
Rocks, soil, oil, coal & petrol fit this category
Living things Reproduce!
Living things are considered renewable because they reproduce and are replaced in our lifetime
Therefore, as long as conditions allow for reproduction, new living organisms will grow and develop
All living things provide a resource for other living things
Eg they may provide food, a habitat or fuel
Farming is a good example of where humans use other living things as a resource
Air as a resource– Oxygen, Carbon dioxide and Nitrogen Air is a mixture of
gases and suspended particles such as dust, smoke, and water droplets.
There are many gases in air...
Air:
About 21% of air is oxygeno We use oxygen in to breathe (respire), but it is replaced by plants in aprocess called photosynthesisSo the oxygen level in the atmosphere stays about the same
Only about 0.03% of air is carbon dioxide
o Plants use carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, animals breathe out carbon dioxide so it is replaced
So gases are constantly being recycled through the atmosphere and so are renewable resources
Renewable!
Worded equations
Equations for photosynthesis
Equation for respirationglucose+ oxygen carbon dioxide + water +
energy
Resource 2: Sunlight as a Resource
Sunlight has an essential role in supporting life on earth Plants use sunlight to produce
food Sunlight warms the earths
atmosphere, keeping conditions ideal for living things to survive
The sun is a star and has been burning for billions of years, and will do into the future
Sunlight is a renewable resource and will be for as long as the sun keeps shining. It is constantly being made
Renewable!
Resource 3: Water
Water covers most of the Earth’s surface and all living things need water
It is the earth’s most important resource
Water
Water is earth’s most important resource Only a tiny fraction of the earth’s water is
made new everyday. Most is recycled. Water can be made when
o Living things burno Fossil fuels burno Living things release energyo During chemical reactions
Renewable!!
Water Cycle (covered later!)
Water is recycled on earth, as it moves from place to place, as shown by the water cycle.
Renewable!
Water: not remade, just recycled.
Water is essential for life on earth. All living things require it.
The total amount of water on planet earth has remained largely unchanged for billions of years
Answer these questions in your workbooks1. Name 3 natural resources2. What is the difference between
renewable and non renewable?3. Name 2 renewable resources.
Non Renewable Resources
Non-renewable resources are used up at a greater rate than they can be replaced
Rocks as a resource
Rocks provide 2 types of resources:o The rocks themselveso The materials found in the rocks eg
water and mineralsWhat materials from rock do the following pictures show?
Non Renewable!
Marble
Diamond and gold Bricks
Some minerals
.
•As the rocks gradually break down, they release minerals which end up in the water of oceans and lakes, and in the soil. •From the water and soil, the minerals are taken up by plants and animals, providing them with necessary trace elements
The fossil fuels oil, natural gas and coal are energy sources that are found in or
between layers of rock deep below the ground.
Rocks Rocks themselves can be
used eg: Limestone, slate and are used for building.
Marble (shown on the previous page) is used in kitchens and bathrooms around the world.
It was previously used to create sculptures and many ancient buildings in Europe are made of marble
Rocks on earth were formed millions of years ago
There are 3 types of Rock:o Igneouso Metamorphico Sedimentary
Use your netbook to find out how these 3 types of rock are formed! (record your findings in your workbook)
Igneousforms when hot liquid from inside the earth cools. It can take millions of years to form.
Sedimentary rock is formed when other types of rocks stick together and harden. It takes millions of years to form.
Metamorphic rocksAre rocks that once one form of rock and has
changed to other due to heat or pressure
Only a tiny fraction of the earth’s rocks are being replaced each year and so are not considered renewable
Therefore the minerals in rocks are not a renewable resource
Oil and gas therefore are not renewable
Soil
Soil is created by the weathering and erosion of rocko Weathering- is the process of rock breaking into
smaller and smaller pieceso Erosion- when broken down rock or sediments are
moved from where they are formed by water, wind or air.
Factors affecting weathering are:o 1. Temperatureo 2. Water setting in cracks and freezingo 3. Waveso 4. Running watero 5. Natural chemicals
Non renewable!
Soil: Erosion and Weathering
Weathering: breaking down rock
Rapid changes in temperature can split rocks
Water freezing can split rocks
Water and waves can break down rock
Particles in wind can wear down rock
Chemicals (acid rain) can dissolve rock
Erosion: carrying broken down rock away
Water, wind and ice can wash away soil, sand and rocks.
Erosion can happen quickly as it does in a dust storm, tornado or hurricane
Or slowly as with a river, ocean waves against the shore