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Conch-Shell Trumpet – Guatemala

Places – United States

Norfolk Mace – United States

The Wounded Indian – United States

The Piazza Farnese Decorated for a Celebration in Honor of the Marriage of the Dauphin – Italy

Hamlet Robot – South KoreaMusic – United States

La Desserte (The Remains of the Meal) – France

Sarcophagus of Psamtik-Seneb – Egypt

Black-Figure Amphora with Scenes of ApolloEntertaining Dionysus and Hermes, and TheseusKilling the Minotaur – Greece

Sheltered Naga Buddha – Cambodia

Firespitter Mask (Kponyugu) – Ivory Coast

2010

A CULTURAL ENRICHMENT PROGRAM

FOR NORFOLK PUBLIC SCHOOLSPRESENTED BY

CONCH-SHELL TRUMPET, 300-550

Unknown (Tikal Area, Petén, Guatemala)Gift of Edwin Pearlman and Museum purchase

What makes this shell different from one you might find on a beach?

Look closely at the holes in the shell. How did they get there?Why are they there?

The Maya were, and still are, a large group of people who live acrossMexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and Honduras. They lived inthese areas long before Christopher Columbus sailed to the Americas.Art from this area and time period is called pre-Columbian, meaning“before Columbus.” Each symbol on the shell is called a glyph.Together, the glyphs form a system of writing and meaning.Researchers have studied the shell to understand the meaning ofthese symbols. From these studies, we believe the Maya used thisshell like a trumpet. During special ceremonies, they blew into theshell to call their gods and the spirits of their ancestors.

How are these glyphs like languages in other cultures?

What objects do we use today that have writing and symbols on them?

1 : GUATEMALA

PLACES, 1991 2 : UNITED STATES

Raymond Saunders Museum purchase with funds provided by an Anonymous Donor,Annie and Art Sandler and the Museum Purchase Fund© Raymond Saunders

What kind of objects did the artist use to make this painting?

What languages do you recognize?

Places is an assemblage, or a combination of differentobjects into one work of art. It combines many textures,colors, fragments, and even graffiti of everyday life. It also contains a mixture of items that remind the artist ofpeople and places from his life. By arranging these objectsin different ways, Raymond Saunders is able to create newmeanings. He combined many influences and cultures, suchas Asian, Hispanic, Euro-American, and African, in thiswork. Through these combinations, he could express hismemories and feelings in original ways.

Have you ever visited a different city, state, country, or continent?

What kind of objects would you use to describe that place to other people?

NORFOLK MACE, 1752-1753

Fuller White On loan from the City of Norfolk, Virginia

Why are symbols sometimes used instead of words?

What are examples of symbols?

The Norfolk Mace was made in London, England, by silversmith Fuller White. Itwas presented to Norfolk, Virginia, in 1754. During a fire in the late 1700s, thismace was buried in order to protect it. Several years later, it was returned, only tobe hidden away again during the Civil War. As a symbol of England’s power overColonial Virginia, the Norfolk Mace is decorated with British royal images. TheCrown of St. Edward, the official crown used in the coronation of kings andqueens, sits on top of the mace. Around the head of the mace are symbols of theUnited Kingdom. A rose and thistle growing on the same stem stand for theEngland and Scotland. The harp symbolizes Ireland. The fleur-de-lis is a symbol forFrance. This symbol is included because the English king claimed to controlregions of France as well.

Think about the name of your school.

What would you design to honor or award your school?

What symbols would you use?

3 : UNITED STATES

MUSIC, 1933-1959

Philip Evergood Gift of Walter P. Chrysler, Jr., in memory of Jack Forker Chrysler

Use your imagination to step into thispainting. What do you hear?

Which instrument is the loudest? Which isthe softest?

If you were at this performance, what doyou think the music would sound like?

Why do you think so?

The painting Music shows many differentinstruments being played. Although theseinstruments can be played separately, here themusicians play them together to form one tune.When musical sounds blend together, this is called harmony. This same word can also be used to describe theattitude of the musicians in the painting. There are people from different cultures and backgrounds, men andwomen, adults and children, and people of all shapes and sizes, but they are playing and working together. In themiddle of the painting, the conductor wearing the white shirt and holding a violin looks like the artist, PhilipEvergood. He encouraged people to respect each other, despite their differences.

Why do you think the artist included himself in the painting?

How can you encourage respect, as the artist, Philip Evergood, did?

4 : UNITED STATES

THE WOUNDED INDIAN, 1848-1850

Peter Stephenson Gift of James H. Ricau and Museum purchase

Describe the man’s pose. How is he sitting?

What does the man’s pose tell you about what he is feeling?

What has happened?

Peter Stephenson lived near American Indiancommunities. This helped to inspire his sculpture of awounded American Indian. The term American Indianis used for many different tribes and languages. Tribesare communities, or people connected to each otherthrough their beliefs, interests, and values. Thesecommunities existed for thousands of years beforeexplorers and settlers arrived in the Americas. When people who were not born in North America began to settlethere, tribes were forced to give up their land and their way of life. To viewers today, this sculpture shows thestruggle of the American Indian.

What does it mean to be different?

How can we respect differences?

5 : UNITED STATES

LA DESSERTE (THE REMAINS OF THE MEAL), 1876

Etienne-Prosper Berne-BellecourMuseum purchase with funds from the Accessions Fund, Sheldon L. Breitbart Fund, Walter P. Chrysler, Jr. Art Purchase Fund,and Grover Cleveland Outland Memorial Fund

Use your imagination: what do you smell?

Look closely: Is this the beginning, middle,or end of the meal?

France is known for its excellent cooking, butthe style of cooking changes depending onwhich region you visit. French cuisine, orcooking, has changed greatly over thecenturies. About 200 years ago, a specialFrench meal such as this one usually consistedof six to nine parts called courses. It required alarge dining table, many chairs, and a lot ofplates. Guests dined on minced meat, soups,various salads, large roasts (young chickens), small roasts (water quail), fish, butter and ham, fruits, and desserts(marzipan, a sweetened almond paste). The title of this painting is a clever play on words. The French word fordessert is le dessert, without an “e” at the end of the word. With an “e” at the end of the word it means “theremains of the meal,“ or what is left over.

What foods do you like to eat?

Recipes are directions for cooking food. What ingredients would be in the recipe for your favorite meal?

6 : FRANCE

HAMLET ROBOT, 1996

Nam June PaikMuseum purchase and gift of Joan Dalis Martone, Fran and Lenox Baker, Mr. and Mrs. Macon Brock, Jr.,Susan and Paul Hirschbiel, Renée and Paul Mansheim, and Robert McLanahan Smith III© Estate of Nam June Paik, courtesy of Carl Solway Gallery, Inc.

What do you see?

Is it a television? Is it a robot? Is it a sculpture? Is it a prince?

The artist, Nam June Paik, was asked to make six robots of famousDanes, or people from Denmark. Hamlet Robot is inspired by a playwritten over 400 years ago by the famous English playwright WilliamShakespeare. The play is set in Denmark, and tells the story of ayoung prince named Hamlet. Nam June Paik was born in Seoul,South Korea. His family left Korea during the Korean War. Theymoved to Hong Kong and later to Tokyo, Japan. After studying inJapan, the artist moved to Germany, then later to New York, wherehe followed his interest in music and television. He used TVs tomake sculptures of famous people, his friends, and characters fromstories and plays.

Who is your favorite character from a story or movie?

What kind of artwork could you make to tell his or her story?

7 : SOUTH KOREA

BLACK-FIGURE AMPHORA, 530-520 B.C.

Unknown (Attic Greek)Gift of The Mowbray Arch Society, 2003

How do you think this object was made?

How are the people on the vase dressed?

What stories does the vase tell us?

A vase shaped like this, with a long neck and two handles, is called anamphora. Vases were used to store food and liquids in ancient Greece.Some amphoras, such as this one, were decorated with pictures of godsand heroes to be given as prizes. One side of this vase tells the story ofan ancient Greek hero named Theseus. He fought a creature that washalf-man and half-bull. It was called the Minotaur. On the other side,Apollo, the god of music and poetry, plays the lyre for two other gods,Dionysus and Hermes.

What hero or story would you have painted on an amphora?

Where do we find pictures that tell stories today?

8 : GREECE

THE PIAZZA FARNESE, 1745 9 : ITALY

Giovanni Paolo PaniniGift of Walter P. Chrysler, Jr.

What do you see in the painting that tells youa celebration is taking place?

What are the people talking about in the painting?

This scene captures an actual historical event, thewedding celebration for Prince Louis of France andPrincess María Teresa Rafaela of Spain. The grandfestival in the painting took place four monthsafter the wedding in France. The event was held ina piazza, or large square, in front of an enormousRenaissance palace. You can see the piazza in themiddle of the painting. The artist, Giovanni PaoloPanini, also designed the festival’s decorations. He probably created the painting as a plan for staging thecelebration. In the center of the painting, Panini shows how he will decorate the piazza. He shows a templeand sculptures inspired by the ancient Roman gods of love, marriage, and wisdom. As evening fell over thecelebration, fireworks were launched over the piazza.

Think of a holiday that you celebrate.

How do you decorate for this type of celebration?

SARCOPHAGUS OF PSAMTIK-SENEB, 600-525 B.C.

Unknown (Egyptian)Gift of Walter P. Chrysler, Jr.

This large, hollow stone container is called a sarcophagus.

What do you see that tells you it’s from ancient Egypt?

A sarcophagus was a protective container that held a wooden coffin.Inside the coffin was a “mummy,” or the dried and preserved remains of abody. Around the outside of the sarcophagus, a prayer for good fortune inthe afterlife is written in hieroglyphs. These are symbols that representsyllables and words in the ancient Egyptian language. This sarcophaguswas made to hold the body of Psamtik-Seneb. He was a healer who helpedpeople stung by insects or bitten by snakes. It was important for ancientEgyptians to practice good deeds while they lived since they would bejudged in the afterlife by the god Anubis. Anubis would weigh the person’sheart against the feather of truth. If the heart was heavy with evil, theperson could not enter the afterworld.

Based on Psamtik-Seneb’s job, what values do you think wereimportant to him?

How are your values the same as or different from his?

What are some good deeds that you can do for others that mightmake your heart lighter than a feather?

10 : EGYPT SHELTERED NAGA BUDDHA, 1100s

Unknown (Cambodian)Gift of Walter P. Chrysler, Jr.

Look at the man’s legs, hands, and eyes. Describe how he is seated.

What words would you use to describe his mood?

The sculpture represents Buddha seated in a position of meditation.Buddha sits calmly and opens his mind. He does this to achieveenlightenment, which means “awakening.” The story of Buddha startswhen he was a young prince named Siddhartha Gautama. As a child, hewas not allowed to go outside the palaces, so he did not see those whowere less fortunate. As an adult, he left the palaces and saw sufferingfor the first time. Siddhartha traveled many places looking for a way tostop this suffering. He meditated beneath a bodhi tree to search for theanswer. While he meditated, the king of snakes spread his cobra hoodto protect Siddhartha from the rain. When he found his answer, hespent the rest of his life trying to help those in need. That is whySiddhartha became known as Buddha, or “enlightened one.”

How does the story of Buddha remind you of the sculpture?

What is kindness?

If you were an artist, how would you show kindness?

12 : CAMBODIA

FIRESPITTER MASK (KPONYUGU), EARLY 1900s 11 : IVORY COAST

Senufo peoplesGift of Walter P. Chrysler, Jr.

What animals do you see on this mask?

Why do you think these animalswere chosen?

This mask is used in ceremonies formembers of a secret society called thePoro. The society watches over thetraditions of their community. Theymake sure the Senufo people continuetheir traditions from one generation to the next. During a funeral, a young member of the Poro wears themask on top of his head with raffia, a ribbon of palm leaves, covering his face. He beats a drum to protectagainst evil. This helps the soul leave the body. The carved mask is a combination of animals, whichinclude teeth from a crocodile and the horns of an antelope. You may also see parts from a warthog and ahyena in this mask.

If you made a mask, what animal(s) would you choose to symbolize you or someone you loved?

What kind of personality or abilities does that animal have?

WELCOME!We are happy to see you in the Museum today.

You can help us to protect our art by…

✘ remembering that art is more fragile than it may appear. Please do not touch.

✘ remaining a safe distance from artworks, especially when gesturing or pointing.

✘ enjoying food and beverages, including water, only in Huber Court, theMuseum café, or the gardens.

✘ leaving large objects, backpacks, and umbrellas at the main entrance.

✘ using writing boards instead of walls, pedestals, or glass cases as awriting surface. These boards are available at the Information Desk.

✘ taking photographs without a flash in the Museum’s galleries.Photography is not permitted in special exhibitions.

Be sure to ask a lot of questions about the art and have fun!

SPECIAL THANKS TO:

Norfolk Public Schools StaffDr. Stephen C. Jones, Superintendent

Dr. Christine A. Harris, Chief Academic OfficerLisa A. Harris, Interim Senior Director, Leadership and Capacity Development

Dr. Barbara B. Laws, Senior Coordinator, Art Education

The Chrysler Museum of Art is pleased to present its A World of Discoveries in Art

in partnership with the Virginia Stage Company.

For more information on the Chrysler Museum’sschool tours and educational resources for teachers,

see the Education section of our website at www.chrysler.org.