(4) Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things...
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BIOLOGY STAAR REVIEW- CATEGORY 1
(4) Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized parts that perform specific functions
(4) Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the
basic structures of all living things with specialized parts that
perform specific functions and that viruses are different from
cells. The student is expected to:
Slide 3
3 Cell theory - 3 parts 1) cells are basic unit of life 2)
cells come from existing cells 3) all organisms are composed of
cells ProkaryoticVersusEukaryotic SimpleComplex Has no
nucleusNucleus Has no membrane bound organelles Has membrane bound
organelles Includes bacteriaIncludes protists, fungi, plants and
animals
Slide 4
Provides a selectively permeable barrier around the cell
Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
Maintains homeostasis for the cell.
Slide 5
Cells will shrivel when put into a solution with MORE SOLUTE.
Ex. salt water (Hypertonic) If solute concentration is equal on
both sides of the membrane, the cell does not change. (Isotonic)
Cells will swell or burst when put into a solution with LESS SOLUTE
Ex. Fresh water (Hypotonic)
Slide 6
PASSIVE Does NOT require energy Goes with the concentration
gradient (high to low) Simple Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion
ACTIVE Requires energy from ATP Goes against the concentration
gradient (low to high) Active Transport, Endocytosis,
Exocytosis
Slide 7
Living prokaryote Non living not made of cells must reproduce
in host cell
Slide 8
Lysogenic pathway The virus stays within the cell until certain
environmental triggers cause it to enter the lytic cycle.
Slide 9
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to
a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that
resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from
weakened or killed forms of the microbe.
Slide 10
(5) Science concepts. The student knows how an organism grows
and the importance of cell differentiation.
Slide 11
During the cell cycle, cell grows, prepares for division, and
divides to form two daughter cells, each which begins the cycle
again.
Slide 12
InterphaseCell division New DNA is formed during 3 phases: G 1
1 st period of growth 1. Increase in size. 2. Makes new proteins
and organelles. S 1 DNA is synthesized or replicated 1. Chromosomes
are replicated. 2. New DNA molecules are synthesized. G 2 final
cell growth 1. Shortest phase 2. Prepares cell for mitosis 4
phases: (PMAT) Mitosis 1) Prophase 2) Metaphase 3) Anaphase 4)
Telephase
Causes of cancer smoking tobacco Radiation exposure Viral
infection
Slide 15
DNA determines an organisms traits by controlling the
manufacturing of proteins. The sequencing of nucleotides forms
unique genetic information.
Slide 16
(9) Science concepts. The student knows the significance of
various molecules involved in metabolic processes and energy
conversions that occur in living organisms.
Slide 17
COMPOSITION/STRUCTURE C, H, O FUNCTION MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY
TYPE/EXAMPLES GLUCOSE, GLYCOGN, FRUCTOSE, CELLULOSE,
POLYSACCHARIDES, MONOSACCHARIDS, STARCH
Slide 18
COMPOSITION/STRUCTURE C,H,O ONE GLYCEROL & 3 FATTY ACIDS
FUNCTION STORES ENERGY MAIN COMPONENT OF CELL MEMBRANE WATERPROOF
COVERING TYPE/EXAMPLES FATS, OILS, POLYUNSATURATED
Slide 19
COMPOSITION/STRUCTURE C, H, O, N LONG CHAINS OF AMINO ACIDS
FUNCTION BUILD MUSCLES, CELL MEMBRANES TYPE/EXAMPLES ENZYMES
Slide 20
COMPOSITION/STRUCTURE C, H, O, N, & P FUNCTION STORE &
TRANSMIT GENETIC INFO TYPE/EXAMPLES DNA, RNA, NUCLEOTIDES
Slide 21
Large organic molecules are created by the process of
POLYMERIZATION. Mono=1 poly=many
Slide 22
PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration
Slide 23
Lower activation energy Speed up chemical reactions that take
place in cells. Make materials cells need Releasing energy
Temperature PH Salt