© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved. · 2012. 2. 16. · Bangalore 9080 2231414 China 3M China Ltd. 86 21 6275 3535 Mexico 3M Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 52 55 5270 0400 Brazil 3M do Brasil

© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved.

3M Energy and Advanced Materials Division


Lightweight High Performance Cement with 3M™ Glass Bubbles

Ideal for use near balance, at balance or underbalance drilling applications in:

Casing

Cement Sheath

Depleted reservoirsGeologically-fractured formationsPoorly-consolidated formationsHigh-permeability formations

Also when:Working in offshore or remote inland locations where concerns exist regarding spatial footprint and additional personnel needed to operate the specialized equipment.



3M™ Glass Bubbles – Engineered Material

Product Test Pressure (psi) Target Fractional Survival Minimum Fractional SurvivalHGS2000 2,000 90% 80%HGS3000 3,000 90% 80%HGS4000 4,000 90% 80%HGS5000 5,500 90% 80%HGS6000 6,000 90% 80%

HGS8000X 8,000 90% 90%HGS10000* 10,000 90% 80%HGS18000* 18,000 90% 80%

Product Typical True Density (g/cc)Minimum Maximum

HGS2000 0.32 0.29 0.35HGS3000 0.35 0.32 0.38HGS4000 0.38 0.35 0.41HGS5000 0.38 0.35 0.41HGS6000 0.46 0.43 0.49

HGS8000X 0.42 0.39 0.45HGS10000 0.60 0.57 0.63HGS18000 0.60 0.57 0.63

*Per 3M QCM 14.1.8 in glycerol.

Density

Strength



3M™ Glass Bubble HGS8000X

The unique strength to density ratio and smaller size enables HGS8000X to remain evenly distributed in transportation and handling and stable in a slurry mixture.

Shape Hollow SpheresComposition Soda-lime Borosilicate GlassDensity 0.42 g/ccHardness Mohs scale 5Crush Strength 8,000 PSIpH 9–10 in waterSoft Temperature 600°CSize 10–100 microns

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Survival, %SG



Guin, AL

Cottage Grove, MN

Naju, Korea

Tilloy, France

Coming Soon Brazil

Global Manufacturing Close to your Drilling Site




SimpleReduced complexity of operation

EffectiveImproved performance

VersatileCan be used alone or with other low density alternatives

25 µm

3M™ HGS8000X




Engineered material that offers batch to batch consistencyEasy to formulate

–Single-phase incompressible slurries–Hydraulic calculations simple–Predictable density at depth

Employs conventional cement equipment–Cement dry blends are mixed easily using most common cement

batch mixing process.–Robust enough to survive boxing (mixing) and pumping process

in batch manufacturing. No additional personnel or specialized training required over cement jobs with unmodified slurries (15.6 –16.4 ppg).

Simple – Reduced Complexity of Operation




Achieve very low densities– Relief cement loss or lost circulation – Can reduce or eliminate ‘staging’ commonly encountered with long

columns of cementFast Curing time

– Good strength at 12 and 24 hours– Less waiting on cement (“WOC”)

Highest strength-to-weight ratio and lowest permeability of conventional lightweight options (water-extended and ceramic pozzolan microspheres)

– High strength allows their use in relatively deep wellsLong Life of Well

– Long term durability improved vs. conventional lightweight cement slurries Low shrinkage and low permeability provide a better sheath around the steel casing and hence a better zonal isolation

Effective – Improved Performance



Versatile – 3M glass bubbles can be used alone or in concert with other low density alternatives to achieve the best combination of performance and economy.


“To keep the permeability down, a special base slurry was developed that would be stable at 7.5 lb/gal base slurry and still have enough strength to withstand the strength reduction induced by foaming the cement density down to 5.4 lb/gal (0.65 SG).”

– SPE 98124 (2005)

Glass Bubbles

0.85 1.32 1.90

Normal Slurry

Water Extended

Other Extenders

Gas (N2)

Low Densities

Very Low Densities

Specific Gravity (SG)



~ 50 um

Water content 50 % v/v

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Formulating with HGS8000X

Less than 20% bwoc HGS8000X is needed to achieve a 11.0 ppg cement slurry

Component Density Weight Volume bwoc%g/cc % %

Portland H 3.14 49.79 19.94water 1.00 39.76 50.00 79.86HGS8000X 0.42 9.96 29.81 20.00

bentonite 2.522 0.50 0.25 1.00

Totals 1.2575 100.00 100.00

10.49 lb/gal





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Formulating with cenospheresSample A is a commercially available cenosphere rated as premium for oilfield cementing. Reported properties include:

Particle Size Range 1-100 μmAverage Particle size 65 μmDensity 0.70 – 0.85 g/cc Crush Strength 3000 psi

About 40% bwoc Sample A is needed to achieve a 11.0 ppg cement slurry.This is assuming 0.77 SG.

Measured Density at ambient pressure: 0.77 g/cc

Cenospheres (Coal Combustion Waste By-product)



Cenospheres or 3M™ Glass Bubbles?

50 μm

PDS and SEM Micrographs of Samples as Received From The Supplier

The variation in the quality of the cenospheres may have a profound effect on key slurry properties.In contrast, the uniformity (and strength) of the 3M Glass Bubbles (an engineered material) is higher and predictable from lot to lot.

15 μm

3M Glass Bubbles

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Note: Two lots of Sample A of cenospheres were characterized. Only one curve is shown.

50 µm

3M™ Glass Bubbles

Sample A

200 µm


“The crushing of cenospheres during cement placement may have adverse effect on the success of the job by affecting the slurry viscosity, stability and yield.” – SPE 119535



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Surface Versus Downhole Conditions

“The increase in downhole density and slurry viscosity can be significant.” – SPE 119535

~1.0




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Yield and PerformancePound per pound, the amount of cenospheres needed to achieve a 11.0 ppg slurry at 5000 psi is more than double the amount of HGS8000X.

Much more than 40% bwoc Sample A cenospheres would be needed to achieve a 11.0 ppg cement slurry.


Estimated Density at 5000 psi 0.95 g/cc



Lightweight High Performance Cement with 3M™ HGS8000X

“Even the heaviest HGS grades are lighter than the best grades of FAF (fly ash floaters – cen). This is important because, as the microspheres (glass bubbles) density decreases, less additive will be required to deliver the required density reduction.”“This new HGS material allowed cement to be circulated as needed for completion plans in an area where multiple attempts at conventional cementing failed. While adding the HGS material to the slurry increased the initial cementing costs, the overall well costs were reduced by eliminating the remedial costs.”

– OMC 2011(Offshore Mediterranean Conference)

New Class of Microsphere Improves Economics and Allows Circulation Where Previous Designs Suffered Losses: A Case History

Agua Dulce Program, Nueces County10.5 ppg slurry, low fluid loss, no free water or settling, and 1,000 psi compressive strength in 24 hr.



Selected Articles on 3M™ Glass Bubbles Usage in Lightweight Cement SlurriesDOE DE- FC26-00NT40919 Ultra-lightweight CementSPE 47830 (1998) A New Approach to Designing High

Performance Lightweight Cement Slurries for Improved Zonal Isolation in Challenging Situations.

SPE 92970 (2005) New Ultra-Lightweight Cementing Technology Proven with Case studies, Combines Benefits of current Leading Technologies.

SPE 97847 (2005) Study of Ultralightweight Slurry Design providing the Required Properties for Zonal Isolation in Devonian and Mississipian Central Appalachian Reservoirs.

SPE 98124 (2006) Ultralightweight Cementing Technology Sets a World Record for Liner Cementing with 5.4 lbm/gal Slurry Density.

SPE 102220 (2006) Ultralightweight and Gas migration Slurries: An Excellent solution to Gas Wells.

SPE 107285 (2007) A Case Study of Latest Technologies Enables successful Completion of ERD Exploration Project off the coast of Tierra del Fuego.

SPE 107696 (2007) Engineering Evolution for an Effective Zonal-Isolation Process in Production Casings for the Antonio J. Bermudez Basin in South Mexico.

SPE 119535 (2009) Guidelines for Appropriate Application of Non-Foamed Ultra-Lightweight Cement Slurries.

SPE 139344 (2010) Methodology for Cementing Low-Fracture-Gradient Gas Wells: Application in Cashiriari field, Block 88.

SPE 132694 (2010) Designing of Ultralight Slurry for Liner Cementation: Case Study.

OMC 2011 (Offshore Mediterranean Conference) New class of Microsphere Improves Economics and Allows Circulation Where Previous Designs Suffered Losses: A Case History.



3M™ Glass Bubbles are supported by Global Sales, Technical and Customer Service Resources

For other global offices, visit our web site at:www.3M.com/glassbubbles

United States3M Energy and Advance Materials Division800 367 8905

Canada3M Canada Company 800 364 3577

India3M India LimitedBangalore9080 2231414

China3M China Ltd.86 21 6275 3535

Mexico3M Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 52 55 5270 0400

Brazil3M do Brasil Ltda. 55 19 3938 7000

Europe3M Belgium N.V.Bangalore32 3 250 7521

Malaysia3M Malaysia Snd. Berhad60 3 706 2888

Other Areas651 736 7123 (US)

Russia3M Russia Ltd.7 495 784 7474

Middle East3M Gulf Ltd.971 4 3670 777

IndonesiaPT 3M Indonesia62 21 520 3401

Vietnam3M Vietnam Ltd.84 8 920 2044


Documents

© 3M 2011. All Rights Reserved. · 2012. 2. 16. · Bangalore 9080 2231414 China 3M China Ltd. 86 21 6275 3535 Mexico 3M Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 52 55 5270 0400 Brazil 3M do Brasil