22
knfpg g;s]sL d'gf glhsaf6 hljs k[i7 @$ d"No ?= *÷– jif{ !@ c+s @( sf7df8f} +, z'qmaf/, d+l;/ @@, @)^# SAPTAHIK Nepali National Weekly Friday, Dec. 8, 2006 ;'j|t cfrfo{ …bfO, s:tf] 8/ nflu/x]sf] 5, d]/f] t b'j} v'§f n'un'u sf“lk/x]sf 5g\ .Ú –nfhn] ;HHffsf] cg'xf/sf nfnL 5fPsf] lyof] . c¿ a]nf af]n]/ gyfSg] ;Hhfsf] Tof] lbg …af]NtL aGbÚ ePsf] lyof] . cfOtaf/ lbp“;f] u'nfaL ;f8Lsf ;fy k"0f{ d]sckdf ;lhPsL ;Hhf d}gfnL s]xL lbgkl5 ;Hhf e§/fO{ x'g] ePsL lyOg\ . kª\lQmsf/ ef6e6]gLl:yt a]ud /]:6'/f“sf] xndf k'Ubf b'nfxf cf]d/fh e§/fO{n] …cf]dÚ c+lst xL/fsf] cf} +7L nufOlbP/ g]kfnL rnlrqsL gflosf ;Hhf d}gfnLnfO{ cfkm\gf] agfpg] jfrf lbO;s]sf lyP . s}og\ rnlrqdf ljjfx / OGu]hd]G6sf] clego ul/;s]sL ;Hhf cfkm\gf] jf:tljs OGu]hd]G6df eg] lgs} ge{; b]lvlGyg\ . Pskl5 csf] { ub} { cfuGt's tyf kl/jf/hg;“u tl:a/ lvrfp“bf klg pgnfO{ nfh nflu/x]sf] lyof] . …ca gof“ gftf / ;DaGw uf“l;g] eof] . gjkl/lrt kl/jf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] eGg'kbf{ s:tf] x'G5 xf]nf < eGg] sf}t"xntfn] ubf{ d cln 8/fPsL lyP“ .Ú–a]n'sL 6]lnkmf]gdf s'/fsfgL x' “bf ;Hhfn] nhfpg'sf] /x:o vf]lng\ . a'waf/ lbp“;f] gof“ afg]Zj/l:yt OGb|]0fL km'8NofG8df xf:osnfsf/ uf]kfn/fh d}gfnL bDktLn] uf]8f wf]P/ cfk\mgL sfG5L 5f]/L ;Hhfsf] sGofbfg b'Nxf s] eG5g\ < ;Hhfsf >Ldfg\ cd]l/sfdf a} +lsª PG8 kmfOgfG; k|f]u|fdsf] rf/jif] { sf];{ ub} {5g\ . pgL cd]l/sfsf] k]G;ne]lgofdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf 5g\ . rf/ jif{hltcl3 pgL emfkfaf6 aLsd k9\g egL /fhwfgL cfPsf lyP . Tolta]nf pgL g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf] sfo{qmd …xfd|f] sf7df8f} +Údf sfo{qmd lgdf{tfsf ¿kdf sfo{/t eP . To;sf] s]xL ;dokl5 pgn] kqsf/x¿ clZjgL sf]O/fnf, cRo't sf]O/fnf tyf bLks /f}lgof/;“u Ps lgdf{0f ;+:yf …cflb lqmo;gÚsf] :yfkgf klg u/]sf lyP . pQm ;+:yfaf6 6]lnrnlrq …If0fÚsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] lyof] . cf]dn] l:qmK6 n]v]sf] pQm 6]lnrnlrq kl5 g]kfn jfgaf6 k|;f/0f klg eof] . cf]dsf ;fyLefOx¿sf cg';f/ s[lt e§/fO{ gflosf /x]sf] pQm 6]lnrnlrqdf ;HhfnfO{ lng] k|:tfj cf]dn] Tolta]n} /fv]sf lyP . af“sL k[i7 !% df /fhwfgLdf ;f+uLlts dgf]/~hg gflosf ;Hhf d}gfnLsf] ljjfx eof] . cfOtaf/ s'/f l5g]kl5 a'waf/ pgn] emfkfsf Ps o'js;“u nuguf“7f] sl;g\ . ljjfxeGbf rf/ lbgcl3 ;Hhf;“u ;fKtflxssf] s'/fsfgL M awfO{ 5, ljjfx ug{ nfUg'eP5 < -nHhfk"0f{ xf“;f]kl5_ xf], x' “b}5 . lgDtf] k7fp“b} 5' lg . sf] x'g\ b'Nxf < pxf“ s] ug' {x'G5 < pxf“sf] gfd cf]d/fh e§/fO{ xf] . To;afx]s dnfO{ s]xL yfxf 5}g . jf:tjdf lgs} xtf/df lg0f{o eof], ;f]Wg} EofPsf] 5}g . t}klg s]xL g s]xL t yfxf xf]nf lg < ls eGg ldNb}g < pxf“ kl/jf/sf] sfG5f] 5f]/f . klxn] g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf nflu xfd|f] sf7df8f}+ sfo{qmddf sfo{/t x'g'x'GYof] . xfn cd]l/sfaf6 kmls{Psf] eGg];Dd yfxf kfPsL 5' . s'/f stfaf6 cfof] < ls ‘ne Dofl/h’ ug{ nfu]sf] < d ztk|ltzt …P/]Gh Dofl/hÚ ub} {5' . pxf“sf] kl/jf/;“u d]/L efph"sf] lrghfg /x]5 . pt}af6 s'/f cfof] . pxf“x¿ 3/df cfpg'eof] / s'/f cl3 a9]sf] xf] . ljjfx ug{ xtf/ ug' {ePsf] xf]Og / < oxL pd]/df ljjfx u5'{ eg]/ x'“bf] /x]g5 . ljjfx t cfkm} + x' “bf] /x]5 . dnfO{ klg b'O{ lbg cl3;Dd yfxf lyPg . crfgs s'/f cfof] . pxf“sf] kl/jf/ / pxf“ /fd|f] nfUof] . km]l/ d}n] klxn]b]lv g} eGb} cfPsf] lyP“— d a'afcfdfn] hxf“ ljjfx u/ eGg'x'G5, ToxL+ u5' { . ljjfxkl5 rnlrqdf v]Ng] ls gv]Ng] < kf“r dlxgf eof] d}n] rnlrq gv]n]sf] . …bfbflu/LÚ d]/f] clGtd rnlrq xf] . jf:tjdf d s]xL ;dosf nflu …a| ]sÚ rfxGy] +, t/ ca v]lNbg“ .-xf“:b}_ eljiodf cfdfsf] e"ldsfdf cfOG5 ls < rnlrq If]qnfO{ …cndf]:6 6f6fÚ u/] + . ca dnfO{ …u'8 xfp; jfOkmÚsf ¿kdf b]Vg'x'g]5 . u/] . emfkfsf] rGb|u9Lsf @* jifL{o o'js cf]d/fh ev{/} cd]l/sfaf6 kmls{Psf x'g\ . tLg jif{cl3 8fOel;{6L le;f -l8eL_ k/]/ cd]l/sf k'u]sf cf]d/fh ptfaf6 kmls{Pkl5 ljjfx ug{ b'nxLsf] vf]hLdf lyP . ;HhfsL efph" ljdnf kGt -d}gfnL_ sf] lrgfhfgL pgsf] kl/jf/;“u lyof] . ut ;ftf s'/fsfgLsf qmddf pgn] cfkm\gL gGb ;Hhf klg ljjfxof]Uo ePsf] k|;+u sf]6\ofOg\ . pgn] Tof] s'/fnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{s lnPsL lyOgg\ . s]6fkIfn] eg] s'/fsfgL :jtM cuf8L a9fP5g\ . 3/df of]Uo s]6fsf] s'/f cfPkl5 d}gfnL bDktL klg ;f]Rg afWo eP eg] ;Hhf klg /fhL eOg\ . cfOtaf/ OGu]Hd]G6 / a'waf/ ljjfx ug] { ;fOt h'/fOof] clg ;Hhf cf]dsL >LdtL eOg\ . Aof08afhf / hGtLsf ;fy cfPsf cf]dn] ;HhfnfO{ km"n}km"nn] l;+ufl/Psf] uf8Ldf lnP/ uP . ;Hhf s]xL ;dokl5 g} cfkm\gf >Ldfg\sf] ;fy nfu]/ cd]l/sf hf“b}l5g\ . kfl/jfl/s ;"qx¿sf cg';f/ ljjfxsf] s]xL ;dokl5 To;sf] …k|f];];Ú yflng]5 . ut ;ftf dfq} ;fKtflxsdf cljjflxt gflosfx¿sf af/]df k|sflzt cfj/0fsyfdf of] d+l;/ klg l/Q} hfg] eof] eGg] k|;+u sf]6\ofOPsf] lyof] . cljjflxt gflosfx¿sf] ;"rLdf /x]sL gflosf ;Hhf d}gfnLn] cGttM d+l;/nfO{ l/Q} k7fOgg\ . x]df u'?ª !) k[i7df k[i7df !^ ( k[i7df k[i7df !) 5gf}6 g]kfnL tf/fsf] dWok[i7df ;Hhfn ] ljjfx ul/g\ tl:a/ M dx]z k|wfg

himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

knfpgg;s]sL d'gf

glhsaf6hljs

k[i7 @$ d"No ?= *÷– jif{ !@ c+s @( sf7df8f}+, z'qmaf/, d+l;/ @@, @)^# SAPTAHIK Nepali National Weekly Friday, Dec. 8, 2006

�;'j|t cfrfo{…bfO, s:tf] 8/ nflu/x]sf] 5, d]/f] t

b'j} v'§f n'un'u sf“lk/x]sf 5g\ .Ú –nfhn];HHffsf] cg'xf/sf nfnL 5fPsf] lyof] .c¿ a]nf af]n]/ gyfSg] ;Hhfsf] Tof] lbg…af]NtL aGbÚ ePsf] lyof] . cfOtaf/ lbp“;f]u'nfaL ;f8Lsf ;fy k"0f{ d]sckdf ;lhPsL;Hhf d}gfnL s]xL lbgkl5 ;Hhf e§/fO{x 'g ] ePsL lyOg \ . kª \ lQmsf/ef6e6]gLl:yt a]ud /]:6'/f“sf] xndf k'Ubfb'nfxf cf]d/fh e§/fO{n] …cf]dÚ c+lst xL/fsf]cf}+7L nufOlbP/ g]kfnL rnlrqsL gflosf;Hhf d}gfnLnfO{ cfkm\gf] agfpg] jfrflbO;s]sf lyP . s}og\ rnlrqdf ljjfx/ OGu]hd]G6sf] clego ul/;s]sL ;Hhfcfkm\gf] jf:tljs OGu]hd]G6df eg] lgs}ge{; b]lvlGyg\ . Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ cfuGt'styf kl/jf/hg;“u tl:a/ lvrfp“bf klgpgnfO{ nfh nflu/x]sf] lyof] . …ca gof“gftf / ;DaGw uf“l;g] eof] . gjkl/lrtkl/jf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] eGg'kbf{ s:tf] x'G5xf]nf < eGg] sf}t"xntfn] ubf{ d cln8/fPsL lyP“ .Ú–a]n'sL 6]lnkmf]gdf s'/fsfgLx'“bf ;Hhfn] nhfpg'sf] /x:o vf]lng\ .

a'waf/ lbp“;f] gof“ afg]Zj/l:ytOGb | ] 0 f L km '8NofG8df xf:osnfsf/uf]kfn/fh d}gfnL bDktLn] uf]8f wf]P/cfk\mgL sfG5L 5f]/L ;Hhfsf] sGofbfg

b'Nxf s] eG5g\ <;Hhfsf >Ldfg\ cd]l/sfdf a}+lsª PG8 kmfOgfG; k|f]u|fdsf] rf/jif]{ sf];{

ub}{5g\ . pgL cd]l/sfsf] k]G;ne]lgofdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf 5g\ . rf/ jif{hltcl3pgL emfkfaf6 aLsd k9\g egL /fhwfgL cfPsf lyP . Tolta]nf pgL g]kfn6]lnlehgsf] sfo{qmd …xfd|f] sf7df8f}+Údf sfo{qmd lgdf{tfsf ¿kdf sfo{/t eP .To;sf] s]xL ;dokl5 pgn] kqsf/x¿ clZjgL sf]O/fnf, cRo't sf]O/fnf tyfbLks /f}lgof/;“u Ps lgdf{0f ;+:yf …cflb lqmo;gÚsf] :yfkgf klg u/]sflyP . pQm ;+:yfaf6 6]lnrnlrq …If0fÚsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] lyof] . cf]dn]l:qmK6 n]v]sf] pQm 6]lnrnlrq kl5 g]kfn jfgaf6 k|;f/0f klg eof] .cf]dsf ;fyLefOx¿sf cg';f/ s[lt e§/fO{ gflosf /x]sf] pQm 6]lnrnlrqdf;HhfnfO{ lng] k|:tfj cf]dn] Tolta]n} /fv]sf lyP . af“sL k[i7 !% df

/fhwfgLdf ;f+uLltsdgf]/~hg

gflosf ;Hhf d}gfnLsf] ljjfx eof] .cfOtaf/ s'/f l5g]kl5 a'waf/ pgn]emfkfsf Ps o'js;“u nuguf“7f] sl;g\ .ljjfxeGbf rf/ lbgcl3 ;Hhf;“u;fKtflxssf] s'/fsfgL MawfO{ 5, ljjfx ug{ nfUg'eP5 <-nHhfk"0f{ xf“;f]kl5_ xf], x'“b}5 . lgDtf]k7fp“b} 5' lg .sf] x'g\ b'Nxf < pxf“ s] ug'{x'G5 <pxf“sf] gfd cf]d/fh e§/fO{ xf] .To;afx]s dnfO{ s]xL yfxf 5}g .jf:tjdf lgs} xtf/df lg0f{o eof], ;f]Wg}EofPsf] 5}g .t}klg s]xL g s]xL t yfxf xf]nf lg < lseGg ldNb}g <pxf“ kl/jf/sf] sfG5f] 5f]/f . klxn] g]kfn6]lnlehgsf nflu xfd|f] sf7df8f} +sfo{qmddf sfo{/t x'g'x'GYof] . xfncd]l/sfaf6 kmls{Psf] eGg];Dd yfxfkfPsL 5' .s'/f stfaf6 cfof] < ls ‘ne Dofl/h’ug{ nfu]sf] <d ztk|ltzt …P/]Gh Dofl/hÚ ub}{5' .pxf“sf] kl/jf/;“u d]/L efph"sf] lrghfg/x]5 . pt}af6 s'/f cfof] . pxf“x¿ 3/dfcfpg'eof] / s'/f cl3 a9]sf] xf] .ljjfx ug{ xtf/ ug'{ePsf] xf]Og / <oxL pd]/df ljjfx u5'{ eg]/ x'“bf]/x]g5 . ljjfx t cfkm}+ x'“bf] /x]5 . dnfO{klg b'O{ lbg cl3;Dd yfxf lyPg .crfgs s'/f cfof] . pxf“sf] kl/jf/ /pxf“ /fd|f] nfUof] . km]l/ d}n] klxn]b]lvg} eGb} cfPsf] lyP“— d a'afcfdfn]hxf“ ljjfx u/ eGg'x'G5, ToxL+ u5'{ .ljjfxkl5 rnlrqdf v]Ng] ls gv]Ng] <kf“r dlxgf eof] d}n] rnlrq gv]n]sf] .…bfbflu/LÚ d]/f] clGtd rnlrq xf] .jf:tjdf d s]xL ;dosf nflu …a|]sÚrfxGy]+, t/ ca v]lNbg“ .-xf“:b}_ eljiodfcfdfsf] e"ldsfdf cfOG5 ls < rnlrqIf]qnfO{ …cndf]:6 6f6fÚ u/]+ . ca dnfO{…u'8 xfp; jfOkmÚsf ¿kdf b]Vg'x'g]5 .

u/] . emfkfsf] rGb|u9Lsf @* jifL{o o'jscf]d/fh ev{/} cd]l/sfaf6 kmls{Psf x'g\ .tLg jif{cl3 8fOel;{6L le;f -l8eL_ k/]/cd]l/sf k'u]sf cf]d/fh ptfaf6 kmls{Pkl5ljjfx ug{ b'nxLsf] vf]hLdf lyP . ;HhfsLefph" ljdnf kGt -d}gfnL_ sf] lrgfhfgLpgsf] kl/jf/;“u lyof] . ut ;ftfs'/fsfgLsf qmddf pgn] cfkm\gL gGb;Hhf klg ljjfxof]Uo ePsf] k|;+usf]6\ofOg\ . pgn] Tof] s'/fnfO{ uDeL/tfk"j{slnPsL lyOgg\ . s]6fkIfn] eg] s'/fsfgL:jtM cuf8L a9fP5g\ . 3/df of]Uo s]6fsf]s'/f cfPkl5 d}gfnL bDktL klg ;f]RgafWo eP eg] ;Hhf klg /fhL eOg\ .cfOtaf/ OGu]Hd]G6 / a'waf/ ljjfx ug]{ ;fOth'/fOof] clg ;Hhf cf]dsL >LdtL eOg\ .Aof08afhf / hGtLsf ;fy cfPsf cf]dn];HhfnfO{ km"n}km"nn] l;+ufl/Psf] uf8LdflnP/ uP . ;Hhf s]xL ;dokl5 g} cfkm\gf>Ldfg\sf] ;fy nfu]/ cd]l/sf hf“b}l5g\ .kfl/jfl/s ;"qx¿sf cg';f/ ljjfxsf] s]xL;dokl5 To;sf] …k|f];];Ú yflng]5 .

ut ;ftf dfq} ;fKtflxsdf cljjflxtgflosfx¿sf af/]df k|sflzt cfj/0fsyfdfof] d+l;/ klg l/Q} hfg] eof] eGg] k|;+usf]6\ofOPsf] lyof] . cljjflxt gflosfx¿sf];"rLdf /x]sL gflosf ;Hhf d}gfnLn] cGttMd+l;/nfO{ l/Q} k7fOgg\ .

x]df u'?ª !)k[i7df k[i7df

!^ (k[i7df k[i7df

!)5gf}6 g]kfnLtf/fsf]dW

ok[i7

df

;Hhfn]ljjfx ul/g\

tl:a/

M dx]z k|wfg

Page 2: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006 @

j[if

ldy'g

ss{6

l;+x

sGof

t'nf

j[lZrs

wg'

ds/

s'De

dLg

tkfO{+sf] of] ;ftftkfO{+sf] of] ;ftfHof]= k++= cf]h/fh pkfWofo nf]xgL

d]if

Hof]= k++= cf]h/fh pkfWofo nf]xgL

of] ;ftfsf] k~rf·d+l;/ @$ ut] M ljZj dfgjclwsf/ lbj;

/flz÷ljljw

/+ud~rk':tsSof;]6k|f¿k0f

u f l o s fnlntf dNnn]u L l t ; + u | x… k | f ¿ k 0 f Ú> f ] t f d f e mNofPsL l5g\ .Hof]lt Do'lhsn]ahf/df NofPsf] of] uLlt;+u|xdfzAb b'uf{nfn >]i7, ljZjdf]xg>]i7, /d]z bfxfn, lbg]z clwsf/L,/d0f l3ld/] / rGb| e§rgsf]5 . uLlt;+u|x k|f¿k0fdf Gx\o"ah|frfo{, zlQm aNne, u0f]zkl/of/ tyf lznfaxfb '/df]Qmfgsf] ;+uLt ;'Gg ;lsG5 .

ef]snu f o s

b L k ] z lsz f ] /e§/fO {n ] gof “uLlt;+u|x ef]sn> f ] t f d f e mNofPsf 5g\ .l/ofh Do'lhsn]ahf/df NofPsf] of] uLlt;+u|xdf!! j6f uLt ;dfj]z 5g\ . ;+u|xdf;dfj]z uLtsf] zAb of]u]Gb|dl0fbfxfn, bLk]zlszf]/ e§/fO{, d's'Gbs]= e§/fO{, ;+hLj l;+x, dgf]hcfrfo{, ljef kf]v/]n, kjgltdlN;gf tyf ;'gLn yfkfsf] 5eg] ;+uLt–;+of]hg bLk]z lszf]/e§/fO{, ;+hLj l;+x / zDe'lhtaf“:sf]6fn] lbPsf 5g\ .

Uofn/L

of]uIfds'g} pBdL ;flxlTos

;fwgfdf /d] eg] s:tf] s[lttof/ xf]nf < of] k|Zgsf] pQ/sf¿kdf kf7s;fd' x'nf;rGb|uf ] N5fåf/f /rgf ul/Psfsljtfx¿sf] ;+u|x …of]uIfdÚcfPsf] 5 . uf]N5f 1fgdlGb/åf/fk|sflzt of]uIfddf $& j6fgLlt sljtf ;+u|lxt 5g\ .kf7sx¿sf nflu ?lrs/ x'g;Sg] of] k':tssf] g]kfndf d"No! ;o $% ?k}of“ tyf ljb]zdf@) cd]l/sL 8n/ 5 .

k':ts

k/fqmd a9g], cw'/f sfd aGg]tyf gof“ sfd k|fKt x'g] of]u 5 .ofqf x'g ;S5 . Joj;fo j[l4 x'g'sf;fy} e]63f6df /dfpg] cj;/ldNg]5 . cfkmGtx¿sf] plrt;xof]u h'6\g]5 . c¿sf] ljZjf;;lhn} lhTg ;lsg]5 . ;f]daf/,d+unaf/ tyf a'waf/ unt ljrf/a9\g], sfddf cj/f]w cfpg] Pj+lrGtf a9\g] of]u 5 .

af]nLsf] k|efj a9g]5 . c¿n]tkfO{+sf] k|z+;f ug]{5g\ . k/fqmd a9\g'sf;fy} cw'/f sfd aGg] tyf gof“ sfdk|fKt x'g] of]u 5 . cfkmGtx¿n] tkfO{+nfO{;xof]u ug]{5g\ . Joj;fodf ;f]r]h:t}nfe ldNg'sf ;fy} ofqf klg x'g ;S5 .wg cfh{g ug]{ cj;/ ldNg]5 .a'waf/b]lv unt ljrf/ a9\g], sfddfcj/f]w cfpg] Pj+ lrGtf a9\g] b]lvG5 .

;Ddfg ldNg] tyf c¿af6;xof]u kfOg] ;ftf 5 . k/fqmd Pj+k|;Ggtfsf ;fy} af]nLsf] k|efj a9\g]5 .cw'/f sfd aGg] tyf gof“ sfd k|fKtx'g] of]u 5 . cWoogdf ;'wf/ cfPklg a'waf/b]lv 3/]n' ;d:ofn] ;tfpg],zq' a9\g] tyf :jf:Yodf ;d:of pTkGgx'g ;Sg]5 . sfddf cj/f]w cfpg] Pj+lrGtf a9\g] b]lvG5 .

dg k|;Gg /xg'sf ;fy} sfddfklg ;'wf/ cfpg]5 . s'/f sf6\g]x¿ k|z+;fug{ yfNg]5g\ . k/fqmd a9\g'sf ;fy}cw'/f sfd aGg] tyf gof“ sfd k|fKtx'g] of]u 5 . cWoogdf k|fKt x'g];kmntf sfod} /xg'sf ;fy} af}l4ssfo{df ;kmntf ldNg]5 . af]nLsf]k|efj a9\g] tyf ef]h–et]/df;fd]n x'g] cj;/ ldNg]5 . zq'b]lv;fjwfg /xg'xf]nf .

vr{ Pj+ ljjfb a9\g]5 . ;dodflg0f{o gx'“bf cfkm\gf] sfddf c¿n] g}clwsf/ hdfpg]5g\ . c¿n] u/]sf] untsfo{sf] bf]if tkfO{+dfly cfpg ;S5 .ljZjf; u/]sfx¿n] wf]sf lbg]5g\ .:jf:Yodf ;d:of cfpg'sf ;fy} wgdfnx/fpg ;S5 . ;f]daf/ tyf d+unaf/dfg–;Ddfg ldNg], ef]h–et]/df ;fd]nx'g], cWoogdf ;'wf/ cfpg] tyf dgk|;Gg /xg] of]u 5 .

;f]Rg] zlQm a9\g]5 . sfddf ;'wf/cfpg'sf ;fy} wg cfh{g ug]{ cj;/ldNg]5 . k/fqmd a9\g]5 eg] cw'/f sfdaGg] tyf gof“ sfd kfOg] of]u 5 .cfkmGtx¿af6 plrt ;xof ]uldNg]5 . ofqf ug]{ cj;/ k|fKtx'g]5 . ;f]daf/ tyf d+unaf/ vr{,lrGtf Pj+ ljjfb a9\g'sf ;fy} sfddfcj/f]w cfpg] of]u 5 .

c¿n] tkfO{+sf] k|z+;f ug]{5g\ .;fg} k|of;n] klg 7"nf] sfddf ;kmntfk|fKt xf]nf . k/fqmd a9\g'sf ;fy} cw'/fsfd aGg] tyf gof“ sfd xfl;n x'g]of]u 5 . wg cfh{g ug]{ cj;/ ldNg]5 .;f]Rg] zlQm a9\g] tyf cfkmGtx¿af6;xof]u k|fKt x'g] b]lvG5 . a'waf/ tyflaxLaf/ vr{, ljjfb Pj+ lrGtf a9\g;S5 . sfddf klg cj/f]w cfpg]5 .

wfld{s sfo{df ?lr a9\g]5 .efUon] ;fy lbg'sf ;fy} sfddf;kmntf ldNg]5 . cfDbfgLsf] gof“;|f ]t km]nf kg] {5 . k/fqmd Pj+af ]nLsf ] k |efj a9 \g 'sf ;fy }cWoog, ofqf tyf Joj;fodf;f]r]h:t} ;kmntf k|fKt xf]nf .cw'/f sfd aGg] tyf gof“ sfdkfOg] of]u 5 . dxŒjk"0f{ sfdsfnflu ;ftf cg's"n 5 .

;ftfsf] k"jf{4{ k|lts"n /xg]5 .;'?df :jf:Yo lau|g'sf ;fy} dgb'ljwfu|:t /xg]5 . s'/f sf6\g]x¿a9\g]5g\ . em"6f cf/f]k klg nfUg];Defjgf 5 . ljZjf;3ftsf] l;sf/x'g'knf{ . ;f]daf/b]lv wfld{s sfo{df ?lra9\g'sf ;fy} efUo j[l4 tyf cfly{spGgltsf] nIf0f b]vf kg]{5 . dfg–;DdfgldNg'sf ;fy} sfddf ;'wf/ cfpg]5 .;kmntfsf nflu ;+oldt /xg'xf]nf .

;'?df Joj;fo a9\g], ofqf x'g]Pj+ e]63f6df /dfpg] cj;/ ldNg]5 .c¿sf] dg lhTg ;lsg]5 . k/fqmda9\g'sf ;fy} cw'/f sfd aGg] tyf gof“sfd xfl;n x'g] of]u 5 . wg cfh{gug]{ cj;/ ldn] klg ;f]daf/b]lv:jf:Yodf ;d:of b]vf kg]{, sfddfcj/f]w cfpg] tyf lrGtf a9\g] b]lvG5 .z/L/df rf]6k6s klg nfUg ;S5 .

zq' a9\g]5g\ . dg b'ljwfu|:t/xg]5 . c¿af6 x'g] cfnf]rgfsf sf/0fdgf]an 36\g]5 . l/;sf] a]u a9\g]5 .;dodf lg0f{o gx'“bf cfkm\gf] sfddfc¿n] g} clwsf/ hdfpg ;S5g\ .;f]daf/ tyf d+unaf/ k|;Ggtf a9\g'sf;fy} sfddf ;kmntf ldNg] tyf ofqf x'g]of]u 5 . dfg–;Ddfg ldNg] Pj+ cfDbfgLsf]gof“ ;|f]t km]nf kg]{ b]lvG5 .

;f]Rg] zlQm alnof] x'g'sf ;fy}cWoogdf ;kmntf ldNg]5 . wfld{ssfo{df ?lr Pj+ k/fqmd a9\g]5 . dfg–;Ddfg ldNg'sf ;fy} sfddf ;'wf/cfpg]5 . cw'/f sfd aGg] tyf gof“sfd xfl;n x'g] of]u 5 . cfkmGtx¿af6;xof]u k|fKt xf]nf . Joj;fodf;f]r]h:t} nfe ldNg]5 . ofqf ug]{cj;/ k|fKt xf]nf . s'/f sf6\g]x¿klg k|z+;f ug{ yfNg]5g\ .

– ljZj P8\; lbj; l8;]Da/–! df o'jf d}qL ;]jf s]Gb| / kl/jf/lgof]hg ;+3 ;'g;/Ln] w/fg–!!sf] ;u/dfyf 6f]ndf z'qmaf/ ;8sgf6ssf] k|:t't u¥of] . e/tvflnªsf] n]vg tyf lgb]{zgdf b;hgf snfsf/n] b'Jo{;gL ag]sfnfO{3[0ff xf]Og, dfof u/]/ s'nt TofUgnufpg'k5{ eGg] ;Gb]z af]s]sf];8s gf6s … lt/:sf/Ú dflszf]/lszf]/Lx¿sf] clego /x] klgpgLx¿ kl/kSj b]lvPsf lyP .

–a§f/ o'jf Sna g'jfsf]6sf]cfof]hgfdf cfhb]lv ;'? x'g] b'O{lbg];flxTo dxf ]T;jsf cj;/dfgf6\osdL{ s[i0f zfx ofqLsf] n]vgtyf lgb]{zgdf gf6s …dxfkfqÚd~rg x'g] ePsf] 5 . ;flxTo;[hgfsf qmddf ;h{sn] kfqdflycfkm\gf] rfxgf nfb\g] k|j[lQlj?4sf]of] gf6sdf ljgf]b >]i7, hLjg;fyLa:g]t, hut v8\sf, bLkf kf08],/Ltf yfkf, dw';"bg k'8f;}gL cflbsnfsf/n] clego ug]{5g\ .

–;'/lIft dft[Tjsf ;DaGwdfu|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ ;r]t ug]{ p2]Zon]88]Nw'/f lhNnfsf s}nkfndf8f}+ /dfi6df8f}+ uflj;sf sf]/fn tyfvf]gLvf]nfdf ;8s gf6s k|bz{gul/of] . u|fdL0f dlxnf ljsf; tyfPstf s]Gb| 88]Nw'/fsf] cfof]hgfdf;DkGg pQm gf6s k|bz{gL c;'/lIftue{ktg Pj+ ;'Ts]/Lsf] ljifodfs]lGb|t lyof] .

–r]nLa]6L a]rlavglj?4Jo+Uo k|:t't ub}{ ut ;ftf afnjftfj/0f s]Gb|sf afnaflnsfx¿n]/fhwfgLl:yt l;gfd+un ;'s'djf;L6f]n tyf dgf]x/f ;'s'djf;L 6f]ndf;8s gf6s …sd{sf] kmnÚ k|:t'tu/] . gf6s sd{sf] kmndf glrg]sf]dfG5]n] sfd nufOlbG5' eGb}df

–l;lSsd] ;+:s[lt, k|fs[lts;'Gb/tf Pj+ Toxf“sf] hLjgz}nLdfcfwfl/t /x]/ Sofgef; sf]g{ @&hgf g]kfnL snfsf/sf] ;d"x utcfOtaf/ To;tkm{ nfu]sf] 5 .…dxfg\ ef/tsf] ;'Gb/ l;lSsdÚzLif{sdf snfsf/x¿sf] pQm e|d0f@) lbg nfdf] x'g]5 . l;lSsd ;/sf/sf]u|fdL0f ljsf; tyf k|a4{g ljefu Pj+nfoG; Sna ckm ufGtf ]ssf ]lgdGq0ffdf x'g nfu]sf] of] e|d0fdfg]kfnL ;d"xn] l;lSsdsf rf/j6}lhNnfdf lrq sfo{zfnf ug]{5 .

–ltAa]ltog snfsf/ o'cfgem\offªn] sf7df s'“b]sf lrqsf]k|bz{gL ut ;f]daf/b]lv l;4fy{ cf6{Uofn/Ldf ;~rfngdf 5g\ . …AnfsPG8 x\jfO6 j'8 Ogu|fleª cgltAatÚ zLif {s /flvPsf] pQmk|bz{gLdf @( j6f tl:a/ ;dflji65g\ . d+l;/ @( ut];Dd rNg] of]k|bz{gLsf tl:a/x¿sf] d"No !& xhf/?k}of“b]lv ^% xhf/ ?k}of“;Dd 5 .

u}xfNg], p;n] sxf“ nUb}5 eGg] Vofngug] { h:tf oyfy{nfO{ k|:t'tul/Psf] lyof] . czf]s lzjfsf]6Lsf]lgb ] {zg /x ]sf ] of ] gf6sn ]r]lna]6Lx¿nfO{ :jo+ ;r]t /xg'kg]{;Gb]z af]s]sf] 5 .

–ljZj P8\; lbj;sf] cj;/kf/]/ ut l8;]Da/ ! tfl/vsf lbggof“ afg]Zj/df lbg ;8s gf6s…bf]ifL sf] <Ú d~rg eof] . jN8{lehg sf7df8f } + If ]q ljsf;;ldltsf] ;xof]udf g]kfn o'jf;dfhn] k|:t't u/]sf] pQm gf6sdfPrcfO{eL P8\;;“u ;DalGwt syfdfsnfsf/x¿n] gf6s k|:t't u/] .

–gf6 \o;d "x cf/f ]x0fsf ]k|:t'ltdf ut ;f]daf/ sLlt{k'/df;8s gf6s …nf]stGqÚ d~rg eof] .gful/s ;dfhsf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf]sfo{qmddf k|:t't pQm gf6sn]jt{dfg g]kfnL /fhg}lts 36gfqmd,bnx¿aLr a9\b} uPsf] åGå Pj+;+ljwfg;efsf ] lgj f {rgk | ltg fu l /sx¿s f ] r f; f ] n f O {;d]l6Psf ] lyof ] . gf6 \osdL {;'lgn kf]v/]n lgb] {zs /x]sf]gf6s nf]stGqdf sdndl0f g]kfn,;l/tf lu/L, o'j/fh l3ld/], ;'/]zrGb tyf ef]nf/fh ;fksf]6f cflbn]clego u/]sf u/]sf lyP .

;Dks{sf] nflu

x6nfOg$$#@#^#

n]vs– l;h{gf zdf{lrq– af;' lIflth

xfd|f] Knfg tlkmS; ef] of/,t“ klg hfg] xf]

ls <sf“

hfg] <

7\ofSs} ljb]zL h:t} sf“agfOlbG5 of/ xfDnfO{tL“ hfg'k¥of] !

ltdLx¿sf] s'/ft a'lem\bg“ !

x]/ g g]kfnL eg]kl5g]kfnLn] g} x]nfug] { ! ljb]zL eg]kl5x'?Ss} x'g], clgljb]zL x'g' k/]g“ t <

skfn /+ufP/ v}/f]x'g'k¥of], ca hfp“m

8«fO ug{ .

skfn t 8«fOu/]/ v}/f] kfg]{clg cg'xf/ rflx“s] ug]{ lg <

hxf“ OR5f Toxf“pkfP, cg'xf/df

r"gf k]G6 ! nHhft, xf=xf=xf===

v}/]sf] OHht x'g] k};f /ljBf eP/ t xf], xfdLn]klg of] k|fKt ug{ ;s] OHhtal9xfN5 lg !

of] cj:yfdf xfdLn]d]xgt ug]{, n]vk9df/fd|f] ug{ ;Sof}“ eg]xfd|f] af}l4s Ifdtfa9\b} cfp“5 .

o;f] ePdf s;}n]xfdLnfO{ x]Kg klg ;Sb}g,

/ x]k]h:tf] nfUb}g .

t/ aflx/L 9f]ªdfdfq e'Nof}“ eg] Pp6f;d:of kf/ u¥of] k]ml/csf]{ ;d:of cfp“5 .

To;}n] ;fyL,cfkm\gf] Ifdtf

ljsf; ug]{ ;f]r/fVg'k¥of] .

cfkm\gf] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ePdfcfTdan a9\5, cfTdan a9]cfTd;Ddfgn] af“Rg ;lsG5 .

Page 3: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006

dvfn]'

#;d;fdlos;ftf ;+If]k tf]lsPsf] ;dodf s'g} sfd ePgd+l;/ !%— /fhwfgLsf] klAns o'y

SofDk;df g ] lj; +3 tyfdfcf]jfbL lgs6 cg]/f:jljo'-qmflGtsf/L_ aLr em8k, sl/a%) ljBfyL{ Pj+ sd{rf/L 3fOt] .

• g]kfnuGhaf6 ;'v]{tsf nflulx“8]sf] a; b'3{6gf, & sf] d[To' .

• ef/tdf y'lgPsf b'O{ dfcf]jfbLg]tf ls/0f tyf uf}/j l/xf,b'j} g]tf sf7df8f}+ kmls{P .

• ;/sf/L–u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfaLrePsf] cfGtl/s lsrnf]sfsf/0f o; jif{ PrcfO{eLP8\;sf nflu g]kfnn] kfpg] ;f9]$ ca{ ?k}of“ gkfpg], PrcfO{eLkLl8tx¿åf/f b'Mv JoQm .

d+l;/— !^ ;a} GofofwLznfO{ ;'/Iffuf8{sf] Joj:yf .

• ;+;bLo ;ldltåf/f Pdfn]sf;f+;b x]dgf/f0f rf}w/Lsf]xTofdf ;]gfsf clws[t k|d'v;]gfgL afa's[i0f sfsL{ ;+nUgePsf] 7x/ .

d+l;/ !&— cgf}krfl/s ;]jf s]Gb|-OG;]s_ n] u/]sf] ;j]{If0fdf c7f;Lk|ltzt hgtf u0ftGqsf] kIfdf/x]sf] cg'dfg .

• gof“ lghfdtL ljw]osdfsd{rf/Lx¿sf] :jtM a9'jfsf] k|fjwfgsf];lrjx¿åf/f cfklQ k|s6 .

• s0ff{nL c~rnsf ljs6 ( lhNnfdf^) xhf/ ;f}o{ 6'sL ljt/0f ul/g],gj]{ tyf lkmgNofG8åf/f $s/f]8 lbg] 3f]if0ff .

d+l;/ !*— /fhwfgLdf lbp“;} &)nfv n'l6of], ck/fwL kQfnflu;s]sf] k|x/Lsf] bfaL .

• stf/df j}b]lzs /f]huf/sfnf lu k 'u ]sf rGb |z ]v/ofbjnfO { OG8f ]g ] l;ofnLo'jssf] xTofsf] cf/f]kdfd[To'b08sf] km};nf .

• g]kfn ljB't\ k|Flws/0fåf/fb]zel/ nf]8;]l8ª k|f/De,;ftfsf] tLg 3G6f ljB't\s6f}tL ul/g] .

• /f;gdf 6]G8/ btf{ u/]sf7]s]bf/x¿nfO{ 6]G8/ lkmtf{ lng7]s ]bf/nfO{ wDsL, cfkm\gfdflg;nfO{ dfq ;]gfsf] /f;g lbg]u/]sf] v'nf;f . ;]gfåf/f /Lt gk'¥ofO{b/vf:t xflnPsf] bfaL .

• @)$@ ;fndf l;+xb/af/ adsf08sf k|d'v /fd/fhfk|;fbåf/fgjhgjfbL df]rf{ u7g .

d+l;/ !(— /fi6«;+3sf] lgMz:qLs/0fIF]qLo sfof{no sf7df8f}+df;/sf/af6 ;Demf }t fsf ]sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

• ;}lgs sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf]/sdsf] d'2f ;'g'jfOdf l9nfOePsf]df e"tk"j{ ;}lgsx¿åf/f;jf]{Rr cbfnt 3]/fp, k|x/Lsf]x:tIf]kdf !@ k|bz{gsf/L tyf$ k|x/L 3fOt] .

• ;/sf/n] lghfdtL P]g hf/L ug{l9nfO ePsf] eGb} lghfdtL;]jf;Da4 sd{rf/Lx¿åf/fk|ltlglw;ef 3]/fp .

d+l;/ @)— g]kfnL sfª\u|]; s]Gb|Lo;ldltsf] a}7såf/f ;/sf/tyf dfcf]jfbLaLr ePsf;Demf }t fsf ] kfng ug {dfcf]jfbLx¿;“u cfu|x .

• ;jf]{Rr cbfntåf/f g]kfnL;]gfsf] sNof0fsf/L sf]ifsf]n ]vfk/LIf0 f u/fO { /sd;fj{hlgs ug{ ;/sf/sfgfddf k/fdfb]z .

• /fi6«;+3åf/f csf]{ ;ftfb]lv dfcf]jfbLlzlj/sf] lg/LIf0f k|f/De ug]{ .

• lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hdf km]l/u}+8f dfg]{ k|of;, lgs'~hdf #;ohlt dfq u}+8f af“sL .

–/fi6«ufg 5gf}6 ePkl5 b]zk|ltd]/f] lhDd]jf/L ylkPsf] 5 .Aofs'n dfOnf, gjf]lbt ;flxTosf/

–xfdLn] ug]{ ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rg ;+;f/n] x]g{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5 .ef]h/fh kf]v/]n, k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm

–dfcf]jfbL ;/sf/df hf“bf7"nf] xf]; k'¥ofpg'k5{ .

h]D; Pkm df]l/of6L{,g]kfnsf nflu cd]l/sL /fhb"t–g]kfnLn] /fhf /fVg rfx“b}gg\

eg] ef/tsf] s'g} cfklQ x'g]5}g .lzjzª\s/ d]gg,

ef/tLo ljb]z–;lrj–Toqf] P]ltxfl;s ;Demf}tf

x' “bf lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn]xfdLnfO{ cft+sjfbL eGg'eof],o;af6 klg g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf]b[li6sf]0f k|:6 x'G5 .df]xg j}B, g]tf, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_

–g]kfnL sfª\u| ]; slxNo}u0ftGqjfbL ePg, ljZj]Zj/;“u t/fhfsf] 3f“6L g} hf]l8Psf] lyof] .

z}n pkfWofo, k//fi6«ljb\–clxn] u0ftflGqs df]rf{

xf ]Og, nf ]stflGqs df ]rf {sf ]cfjZostf 5 .

uf]kfndfg >]i7,pk;efklt, k|hftflGqs sfª\u];

–g]kfnL sfª\u|]; /fh;+:yfnfO{sf“w yfKg] kIfdf 5}g .lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, k|wfgdGqL

tyf ;efklt, g]kfnL sfª\u|];–h]7leq ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg

x'g glbg] if8\oGq e}/x]sf] 5 .bLgfgfy zdf{, g]tf, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_

z'?eof] ;"o{sf] l/bdsf7df8f}+– ;"o{ nfO6;\ r'/f]6sf] k|:t'lt tyf kf6L{ g]kfnsf]

Joj:yfkgdf ef]ln zlgaf/ a'6jnaf6 …;"o{ nfO6\; l/bd gfO6\;Úcf/De x'“b}5 . x/]s jif{ cfof]hgf x'g] pQm ;f+uLlts ofqf o;k6sg]kfn clw/fHosf rf/ :yfgdf k'Ub}5 . @))% sf] jf/ ckm l8h]sfljh]tf l8h] laDofg tyf g]kfnsL klxnf] dlxnf l8h] kfon x/]s jif{…;"o{ nfO6\; l/bd gfO6\;Ú sf cfsif{0f eP klg o;k6s ;'Gb/L uflosfk|Llt sf}/ klg x/]s :yfgdf pkl:yt x'g] ePsL l5g\ . Joj:yfkskf6L{ g]kfnsf Oe]G6 Dofg]h/ /ljgsf cg';f/ ef]ln zlgaf/ ;f“em rf/ah] a'6jnsf] gfª\nf] j]:6, @( ut] w/fgsf] lgef{gf sG6«L Sna, k'; !ut] lj/f6gu/sf] /Tgf xf]6n tyf k'; & ut] gf/fo0f3f6sf] l;/]G;Snadf pQm sfo{qmd ;DkGg x'g]5 .

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/sf7df8f } + , ax 'k | ltlIft

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg * bnsf]sfo{;Dkfbgk|ltsf] pbf;Lgtfsfsf/0f k/ ;g]{ ;Defjgf b]lvg yfn]sf]5 . ;odd} ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rggeP /fh;+:yfnufot s]xLk|ltudgsf/Lx¿n] hgcfGbf]ngsfpknlAwnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ glbgljleGg if8oGq x'g] ;Defgf JoQme}/x]sf a]nf cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmx¿cfkm\g} sdhf]/Ln] k5fl8 kg{ yfn]sf5g\ . !! jif]{ ljb|f]x cGTo ug]{ 3f]if0ffu/]sf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] cfkm\gf k'/fgfultljlw hf/L /fVg' tyf ;/sf/kIfLo &bnn] ;+j]bgzLn cj:yf dflgg];+qmd0fsnLg hl6ntfnfO{ a'em\g g;Sg'o;sf d'Vo sf/0f dflgPsf 5g\ .

;/sf/ tyf dfcf]jfbLaLrsflQs @! ut] ePsf] jftf{df sflQs#) ut] ;/sf/ tyf dfcf]jfbLaLrzflGt ;Demf}tf x'g] pNn]v lyof] .of] k|lta4tf em08} Ps ;ftf k/;¥of] . To;}u/L d+l;/ % ut]leqg]kfnL ;]gf tyf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'Aof/]sleq kl;;Sg] pNn]v lyof] .pQm a'“bf klg clxn];Dd k"/f ePsf]5}g . dfcf]jfbLsf sltko n8fs'x¿

cem} Aof/]sdf gk'u]sf] tyf ePsfAof/]s klg lgdf{0f x'g l9nfO e}/x]sf]5 . dfcf]jfbL n8fs' /flvg] k|d'vc:yfoL lzlj/sf] 6'ª\uf] nfu] klgyk @! j6f ;xfos lzlj/sf]6'ª\uf];d]t nfu]sf] 5}g . ;ft bntyf dfcf]jfbLaLr sflQs @! ut]sf];Demf}tfn] d+l;/ !) ut]leq cGtl/d;+;b agfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] t/# ;o #) ;b:oLo cGtl/d ljwfosa:g] ;+;bsf] lgdf{0fsf] sfd klgk"/f e};s]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L d+l;/!% ut] dfcf]jfbL;lxtsf] ;/sf/aGg'kg]{df clxn];Dd To;sf] 6'ª\uf]nfUg ;s]sf] 5}g . …o; lx;fan] xg]{xf ] eg] csf ] { d + l;/df klg;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;Dej 5}g .Ú;dfhzf:qL lg/~hg s0f{ eG5g\,…s'g} klg lgdf{0fsf] Pp6f ult x'G5 .Pp6fdf l9nfO x'gf;fy To;sf] c;/rf/}lt/ k5{ .Ú s0f{sf cg';f/ h'gultdf ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog x'g'kg]{xf] Tof] gePkl5 ultdf klg ;':ttfcfp“5 . sflQs @@ ut] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f ul/Psf] kqsf/;Dd]ngdf pQm bnsf cWoIf k|r08n];+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg ug{ ;/sf/kIfsf] ult t]h x'g'kg]{ atfP/

Toltv]/} l9nfO{ e}/x]sf] ;+s]t lbPsflyP . clxn] pQm bnsf s]Gb|Lo;b:ox¿n] h]7df ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rg ug{ 7"n} rdTsf/ x'g'kg]{ atfO/x]sf5g\ . ut d+unaf/ dfcf]jfbLsf g]tf 8f=afa'/fd e6\6/fO{n] b'O{ lbgleqcGtl/d ljwfg hf/L ug{ u[xdGqLs[i0f l;6f}nfdfkm{t k|wfgdGqLlul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ bafalbPsf lyP . 8f= e6\6/fO{n] klg Ps–b'O{ lbgleq} ;/sf/n] kl/jt{gsf] ;+s]tgb]vfP bafad"ns sfo{qmd ug{ afWox'g] atfP/ dfcf]jfbLleqsf] 56\k6Laflx/ NofPsf 5g\ .

…;a}sf] ;f“rf] cGtl/d ljwfgxf] .Ú ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgnfO{;kmntfsf ;fy ;DkGg ug]{ nIoaf]s]sf lgjf{rg cfof]usf k|d'vcfo'Qm ef]h/fh kf]v/]n eG5g\,…ha;Dd cGtl/d ljwfg lgdf{0f hf/Lx'“b}g ta;Dd xfdLn] sfd ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ .lsgeg] ;+ljwfg g} xfd|f] lgb]{zsxf] .Ú lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfkm\gf]sfo{qmd lj:tf/ ug{ % ca{ ?k}of“sf]cfjZostf 5 . kof{Kt /sd gePsfsf/0f of]hgf;Dd agfpg g;s]sf]b ' Mv ];f ] lgjf {rg cfof ]usfsd{rf/Lx¿sf] 5 . …clxn];Dd xfdLn]uDeL/ eP/ sfd ug{ kfPsf 5}gf}+ .Úlgjf{rg cfof]usf Ps sd{rf/LeG5g\, …k|d'v cfo'Qmb]lv sd{rf/L;DdcGtl/d ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g] / To;sf]gLltcg';f/ rNg] ;fOt kv]{/ a;]sf 5g\ .Ú

;/sf/n] klg cGtl/d ljwfghf/L ug{ xtf/ ul//x]sf] 5 t/;+ljwfgdf /fhfsf] x}l;ot s] x'g]eGg] ljjfb clxn] klg p:t} 5 .dfcf]jfbL;lxtsf] sDo'lg:6 36scem} klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rggx'Gh]n /fhfnfO{ lgnDag ul/Psf]s'/f /fVg rfxfG5 eg] g]kfnLsf+u|];;lxt s]xL bnx¿ hgtfsf]cledt gcfOsg /fhfsf] x}l;otgv'Ng] x'gfn] g]kfndf gfddfqsf]/fhf /xg lbg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lb+b}cfPsf 5g\ . csf{lt/ dfcf]jfbLsf;]gf Aof/ ]sdf g;d]l6pGh]ndfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;/sf/df nfg gx'g];'emfj klg ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g yfn]sf]5 . ef/t tyf cGo d'n'sn] lbPsf]pQm ;'emfjnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} ;+o'Qm/fi6«;+3n] klg cfkm\gf ljz]if1x¿sf]6f]nL g]kfn leqfPsf] 5 . s]xLlbgleq} dfcf]jfbL Aof/]sdf ;d]l6g] tyfTo;}sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df cGtl/d ljwfg hf/Lx'g] ;/sf/n] ;+s]t lbPsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf];]gf c:yfoL Aof/]sdf ga;L dfcf]jfbLnfO{;/sf/df nfg gx'g] ;'emfj lbPsf 5g\ .cGtl/d ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 cGtl/d;+;b aGg] tyf cGtl/d ;+;bn]dGqLd08n lgo'Qm ug]{5 . oL sfd ug{sDtLdf klg yk !% lbg nfUg] b]lvG5 .k';sf] cfwf–cfwLaf6 sfd k|f/De ug]{cGtl/d ;/sf/n] s;/L h]7df ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg unf{ < ;a}sf]rf;f]sf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 .

Page 4: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006

tLtf] ;To

$cledt

lr &L k qlr &L k q

cfhef]ln 6f9f efU5 lsg cfkm\g} 5fof“ <

–;+;f/df sf]xL klg ;w}+ hjfg/ zlQmjfg\ /xg ;Sb}g of] k|s[lts}lgod xf], k|df0f g} vf]Hg' k/];GWofsfnsf] ;"o{ g} kof{Kt 5g\ .

e/t /0fkx]nL–dgdf :jfy{ /fVg] dflg;

d"v{ xf] / Tof] :jfy{k"lt{sf nflub'isd{ ug]{ dxfd"v{ .

–lgd'vf k|f0fLsf] xTof ug'{O{Zj/sf] xTof ug'{ a/fa/ xf] .

hgs k|tfk–dflg;nfO{ lbP/ k'Ub}g,

clg csf{sf] vfP/ klg c3fO“b}g .–sd{ u/]/ kmn vf]Hg'k5{ .

u0f]z, wflbª–dL7f] d':sfgn] dg kl/jt{g

ug{ ;lsG5, xf“;f]n] xf]Og .–t/af/eGbf lha | f ]

wfl/nf] x'G5 .–efiffeGbf a9L O;f/f

k|efjsf/L x'G5 .xl/ >]i7

–z'qmgLltcg'jfb M /fdxl/ aGhf/f

em"6f] aofg lbg' x'“b}g . lbPsf]aofg km]g'{ klg /fd|f] x'“b}g . haw]/} 7"nf] sfd l;4 ug'{ 5 jf s;}sf]k|f0f ;+s6df 5 Tolt a]nf em"6f]af]Ng'k/] dfq af]Ng', cGoyf em"6f]af]Ng' x'“b}g . :qL–k'?if, dftf–lktf,bfh'–efO, dflns–gf]s/, lbbL–alxgL, ;fyL–;fyL u'?–r]nf oL;a}aLr k/:k/df e]befj g/fvf+} .

k/:k/ b'O{hgf JolQmaLrs'/fsfgL e}/x]sf] 7fp“sf] aLraf6lx“8g' x'“b}g . ;fyL, efO, aGw' cflb;a};“u ;w}+ ;dfg Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ .

:qL ;Def]u, dnd"qflb Tofu;w}+ PsfGtdf ug ' { k5 { . ;w } +pBf]u ug{ tD;g'k5{ / ;'vk"j{sJofofd ug' {k5{ .cGgsf] lgGbfslxNo} ug'{ x'“b}g .

tLtf] ;To :tDesf nflu cfkm"n]b ]v]sf, ef ]u]sf s6' ;To k7fpgkf7sx¿;“u xflb{s cg'/f]w 5 .

—;Dkfbs

hgdt lgdf{0fdf h'6f}+clxn] d 'n 's ;a} vfn]

oyfl:yltjfbsf lj?4 h'd'{/fPsf]cj:yf 5 . ljutdf e|i6 / c;kmnelgPsf] /fhg}lts g]t[Tjn] d'n'sn]ljut Ps bzsb]lv a]xf]g'{k/]sf]lx+;f / /QmkftnfO{ ;dfKt kfb}{h;/L d'n'snfO{ gof“ o'utkm{8f]¥ofpg ljb|f]xL kIf;“u ;Demf}tfu/]sf] 5 To;n] g]kfnsf] /fhg}ltsg]t[Tj kl/kSj / ;'ema'emk"0f{ /x]5eGg] s'/fnfO{ k|dfl0ft u/]sf]5 . cfGtl/s åGådf ;do vr{ul//x]sf ljZjsf sltko d'n'ssfnflu ;d]t clxn] g ]kfnsf ]zflGt–;Demf}tf Pp6f pbfx/0faGg k'u]sf] 5 .

of] zflGt–;Demf}tfkl5 caxfdL g ]k fnLn ] d 'n 'snfO {cu|udgtkm { nfg] /fhg}ltsg]t[Tjsf] cleofgsf nflu cfjZoshgdt lgdf{0Fdf ;lqmo x'g'k/]sf]5 . casf lbgdf klg /fhg}lts

g]t[Tjn] h] u5{ 7Ls u5{ eg]/ r'kn f Ug ] x f ] eg ] a lg;s ]s f ]jftfj/0f klg vNalng ;S5,t;y{ xfdL ;a} g]kfnL clxn]sf]P]ltxfl;s 38Ldf cfkm\gf efjL;Gtltsf nflu ;'Gb/ / ;'b[9g]kfnsf nflu nf]stGqnfO{ alnof]agfpg] hgdt lgdf{0fsf nfluh'6\g'k/]sf] 5 .

–pHHjn cof{n, aNynL, sfe|]

af6f] b]vfof];fKtflxssf] sflQs @$

ut]sf] c+sdf k|sflzt j}b]lzscWoogsf] cfsif{0f zLif{ssf] ax;n]dh:tf ljb]zdf cWoogsf nfluhfg vf]lh/x]sf o'jfx¿nfO{ af6f]b]vfPsf] 5 . pQm ax; k9]kl5dnfO { yfxf eof ] , ljb ]zdfcWoogsf nf lu hfg d }n ];f]r]h:tf] ;lhnf] /x]g5 . s'g} klgljifosf] pRr lzIffsf nflu;a}eGbf klxn] cWoogstf{sf] ?lrcfjZos x'G5 . To;kl5 p;sf]kl/jf/sf] cfly{s x}l;ot, ;fdflhs

8f= 8L=kL= e08f/L;“ucGt/+u

gLlt–lgod

kx'“r dxŒjk"0f{ x'“bf] /x]5 . k};f dfq};ayf]s xf]Og /x]5 . ;fKtflxsn]o:tf n ]vx¿ ljz]i f1x¿sf ]k/ fdz {; lxt k |s f lzt ub } {hfcf];\ h;n] dh:tf /0fe'Nndfk/]sf o'jfx¿nfO{ ;xL lbzf–lgb]{zg ug{ ;sf];\ .

–;Gtf]if k/fh'nL, /f}tx6

xif{ / b'Mvljut ;ft jif{b]lv d]/f] dgsf]

au}+rfdf km'ln/x]sf] …;fKtflxsÚdf/f]rs hfgsf/L;lxt snf, ;flxTo,;d;fdlos 36gf, rnlrqsf va/,kf7sx¿sf] lh1f;f cflb k9\gkfp“bf d]/f] dg lgs} ub\ub x'G5t/ slxn]sfxL+ o;df k'/fgf n]v–/rgf bf]xf]l/“bf b'Mv klg nfU5 .hLjgsf] uf]/]6f] :tDedf k|sflztafns gfds n]vssf] clj:d/0fLolbg k'gM aLs] n]vssf] gfddfk|sflzt eof], of] s;sf] bf]if xf] <o;/L n]v–/rgfx¿ gbf]xf]l/P dw]/} v';L x'g] lyP“ .

–sdn lh;L, vf]6fª

;dfhsf] P]gf;fKtflxssf] @)^# d+l;/ !

ut]sf] c+sdf k|sflzt …xfdL

n]l:jog xf} +Ú zLif {ssf] l/kf]6{k9\bf dg} em;ª\u eof] . g]kfnL;dfhsf k|rlnt dfGotfx¿ s;/Lkl/jt{g x'“b}5g\ eGg] s'/f pQml/kf]6{n] b]vfPsf] 5 .

;d fhd f l bgx ' “ cg ]slsl;dsf 36gfx¿ 3l6/x]sfx'G5g\ . To:tf 36gfx¿sf] k|efj;dfhdf nfdf] jf 5f]6f] ;do;Dd/xg ;S5, t/ clxn] g]kfnL;dfhdf b]lvPsf] dflg;sf of}gcfr/0f;DaGwL kl/jt{gx¿n]lglZrt ¿kdf g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{b L3 {s f lng k |e fj k fg ] { 5 .;dfhsf o:tf cg'xf/x¿ ;dod}k |sflzt x 'g 'k5 { . s 'g } klgdflg;sf] s'g} klg lsl;dsf]of}g cfr/0f p;sf] JolQmut:jtGqtfsf] bfo/fdf k5{, t/To;f] eGb}df To:tf] ck|fs[ltso f } g c fr/ 0 fn f O { To;s f ];s f / f Tds j f gs f / f Tdsh 'g; 's } t l /s fn ] ePklg ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf k|:t'tu l /g ' x ' G g . o;tk m {;fKtflxssf] ;DkfbsLo kIfn]klg Wofg lbg'k5{ .

–Zofd rf}w/L, rsbx, ;Kt/L

lzIffdf cGof}ns'g} klg d'n'ssf] eljio stflt/ u}/x]sf] 5 < eGg] s'/fsf] P]gf

pQm d'n'ssf] lzIffgLlt tyf z}lIfs of]hgfx¿ g} xf] . lzIffgLltn] g}eljiosf nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug{ /fHonfO{ ;3fp“5, t/g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df eg] oxL lzIffIf]q g} hlxn] klg nyfln+u x'g] u/]sf]5 . kl5Nnf] k6s k|ltlglw;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] s]xL lzIff P]g ;+zf]wgug{ ag]sf] ljw]osn] lzIfs 5gf}6 ug]{ v'nf k|lt:kwf{sf] k|lqmofnfO{kG5fpg] dg;fo b]vfPkl5 clxn] lzIffIf]q cfGbf]lnt ePsf] 5 . k|fKthfgsf/Lcg';f/ lzIffP]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{ ag]sf] pQm ljw]osdf lzIfs5gf}6 ug]{ v'nf k|lt:kwf{sf] k|lqmofnfO{ kG5fPsf] cf/f]k nufOPsf]5 . olb of] cf/f]k ;To xf] eg] To;nfO{ ;a} gful/sn] ;a} If]qdf;dfg cj;/ kfpg'k5{ eGg] nf]stflGqs dfGotfdfly k|xf/ dflgg'k5{ .clxn] pQm ljw]ossf] lj/f]wdf b]vf k/]sf] ljBfyL{ tyf cleefjsx¿sf]cfGbf]ngnfO{ s'g} /fhg}lts bnljz]ifsf] b[li6sf]0feGbf u'0f:t/Lo lzIffk|fKt ug]{ ljBfyL{sf] g};lu{s clwsf/ tyf k];fut lxtsf nflu p7]sf]cfjfhsf ¿kdf x]l/g'k5{ .

g]kfndf lzIfsx¿nfO{ lgo'Qm ug]{ ljifodf b]vf k/]sf] cf/fhstfgof“ xf]Og . ;/sf/n] @)%@ ;fnotf s'g} klg lzIfs lgo'lQm ug{lzIfs ;]jf cfof]udfkm{t kbk"lt{sf] lj1fkg u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g .@)%@ ;fnotf ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs ljBfnodf hlt klg lzIfslgo'Qm ePsf 5g\ tL ;a} ;DalGwt ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ bafa lbP/kx'“r ePsf JolQmx¿ 5g\ . clxn] ;+zf]lwt ljw]osn] ltg} lzIfsx¿nfO{@)^# ;fn j}zfv !) ut];Dd ljBfnodf lgo'lQm kfPsf cfwf/dftf]lsPadf]lhdsf] 5'§} k|ltof]lutf Joj:yf u/L :yfoL ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yfu/]kl5 To;sf] lj/f]wdf ljBfyL{x¿ ;8sdf cf]ln{{Psf x'g\ . a]nf–avt of]Uotfsf cfwf/df ge} eg;'g / kx'“rsf cfwf/df lgo'QmePsf tL lzIfsx¿n] k|ltof]uL k/LIffdfkm{t of]Uotf xfl;n ug{ kfpg]cGo g]kfnL gful/sx¿sf] xs vf]:g] ;Defjgf b]lvPkl5 clxn] ljBfyL{x¿cfGbf]lnt ePsf x'g\ . ljBfyL{x¿sf] cfGbf]ng cfkm\gf] 7fp“df hfoh5 . s'g} klg ljBfyL{n] k|lt:kwf{df v/f] plqP/ 5flgPsf] lzIfsaf6lzIff k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ /fV5 .

k|ltlglw;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] lzIff P]g ;+zf]wg ug{ ag]sf] ljw]oskfl/t x'g'sf k5fl8 nfdf] ;dob]lv cfGbf]ng/t c:yfoL lzIfsx¿sf]cfGbf]ngnfO{ 6'+uf]df k'¥ofpg] ;/sf/sf] dg;fo /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;/sf/sf]of] dg;fodf ;/sf/df ;fd]n ;a} /fhg}lts bn tyf dfcf]jfbL;d]tsf];xdlt /x]sf] atfOG5 . tL /fhg}lts bnx¿n] s]–s:tf] :jfy{sf nfluk|ltlglw;efsf] pkof]u u/]sf x'g\, Tof] a]Un} 5fglagsf] ljifo x'g;S5 . o;cl3 klg ;/sf/n] bafadf cfP/ lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosfc:yfoL k|fWofksx¿nfO{ :jtM :yfoL ug]{ lg0f{o ubf{ ljBfyL{x¿ o;/Lg} cfGbf]lnt ePsf lyP . To;a]nf klg tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] ljBfyL{x¿sf]cfGbf]ng y]Ug g;s]/ cfkm\gf] lg0f{o lkmtf{ lnPsf] lyof], t/ clxn]k|ltlglw;efdfkm{t ljw]os g} kfl/t u/]/ c:yfoL lzIfsx¿nfO{ :yfoLug]{ ;f]emf] af6f] vf]Ng] if8\oGq ul/Psf] 5 . To;f] t of] ljifodflzIffdGqLn] ljw]os kfl/t x'“b}df lzIfsx¿ :jtM :yfoL x'g g;Sg],:yfoL x'gsf nflu lgodfjnLnfO{ ;d]t kv{g'kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ .lzIffdGqLn] clxn]sf] ljBfyL{sf] cfqmf]znfO{ y]Ug h]–h:tf] wf/0ff JoQmu/] klg ;/sf/n] kfl/t u/fPsf] ljw]osn] of]Uotfsf] af6f] 5]Sg] sfdu/]s} xf] t;y{ ;/sf/n] of] ljw]os lkmtf{ lng}k5{ .

ofb /vgf ls yf t'DxL ;f sf]O . aHd]xl:td] bb{sL tl:a/

–lkm/fslk|o gLnd,Tof] x]dGtsfnLg dWofx\g gf/L ;|i6fx¿sf]

hd36 lyof]— Ps /f]rs sfnljGb' . gf/Lx¿sf]olt afSnf] hd36 sd e]l6G5 ;flxlTossfo{qmdx¿df . Tof] lbg klg w]/} sd x'GYof]xf]nf ltgLx¿sf] rrf{–k|e'Tj ge}lbPsf] eP . 8f=uf]ljGb/fh e§/fO{sf] ljåtfleq k|sfzgdf cfPsfnueu ;a} gf/L x:tfIf/ ;dflxt lyP . 8f=e§/fO{ Jojxf/df hlt alxd'{vL / k6' eP klggf/L rrf{ ubf{ pgL hf8f]ofddf cS;/ unaGbLa]5{g\, cGtd'{vL ePsf] efg lbG5g\ . efiff tof/ug{df e|d u5{g\ / k"/f cfw'lgs lzi6tfsf ;fyjfrg u5{g\ . k'?if lddf+;f / gf/L lddf+;f b'j}df .pgsf] rft'o{af6 d rlst dfq xf]Og q:t klge};s]sf] 5' . 8f= e§/fO{ d]/f Kof/f ldq x'g\ .df}lns e]b M pgL rt'/, d uf]Hofª\u|] nf6f] .rfx\of} eg] ltdL Ps 7"nf] syf jf Ps ;fgf]pkGof; n]Vg ;S5f} xfdL b'j}nfO{ kfq agfP/ .s'g} ;flxlTos l;h{gf a9L cfsif{s x'g'sf] d"nsf/s lj/f]wx¿sf] sNkgfTds pkl:ylt xf] . ;kf6Ps/;tfdf uxg l;h{gf x'g ;Sb}g . pbfx/0fltd|f] …xjgÚ syf–;+u|xnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . …xjgÚb]lv…wfjfÚ ;Dd ltd|f rf}w syfx¿sf] dfw'o{sf] sf/0fPskIfLo lrq0f xf]Og, b'O{ lj/f]wx¿aLrsf] åGåxf] . ;a} ljwfdf åGåfTdstfsf] s]Gb|Lo dxŒj x'G5—xf]d/sf] …Olno8Úb]lv b:tfj]:sLsf] …a|b/;sf/fdhf]jÚ;Dd . z]S;lko/sf] t s'/} 5f]8f}+, pgsf;a} s[ltsf] d"n cfTdf slG6 xf], b'O{ ljk/Ltoyf{tx¿aLrsf] ;+3if{sf] snfTds k|:t'lt . ltd|f]s'zn sndsf nflu 8f= e§/fO{sf] rnfvL / d]/f]cflbd ;/ntfaLrsf] g};lu{s lj/f]w Ps /f]rsljifo x'g ;S5 . xfdL b'j} cfkm\gf] k'/fgf] d}qLsfafah'b klg ltd|f] syfsf] sYo x'g ;S5f}+ . dul0ftdf bogLo ¿kn] sdhf]/ 5', 8f= e§/fO{ul0ft ldnfpgdf l;4x:t 5g\ . s]xL lbgcl3u|L; / 8]gdfs{ k'u]sf lyP . ltdLx¿af/] af]n]sf]bf];|f] lbg bds k'lu;s]5g\ . ;f]emf], d'nfod d'xf// d'b|faLr /fd|f] ;dfof]hg ug{ ;Sof] eg] 8f=e§/fO{h:t} e|d0fzLn x'g ;lsG5 . clxn];Dd8f= e§/fO{sf] 8fxf nfUYof], ltd|f] syf ;“ufnf]kl9;s]kl5 ltd|f] klg 8fxf ug{ dg nflu/x]5 .

lk|o † …xjgÚ b]lv …wfjfÚ ;Dd ltd|f rf}wsyfx¿ ;/;tL{ x]/]+ . /f]rs dfq 5}gg\, g"tg klg5g\, sYo / z}nLsf b[li6n] . syfj:t' / k|ljlwsflx;fan] hf“Rg] xf] eg] …xjgÚ Psbd} leGg 5g]kfnLdf clxn];Dd n]lvPsf syfx¿eGbf d]/f]1fgsf] l;dfgfleq . kfqx¿sf] hl6n eL8af6d'Qm 5g\ nueu ;a} syf . ;To, :jM:km"t{ jStJolbg] xf] eg] s'g} klg syf, ljz]iftM ;'/lrt syf

Ps If0fsf] lrq k|:t't u5{ . If0fsf] cy{ Ps;fgf] sfnv08, Ps 36gf, Ps dgf]bzf, /]vf+sg,/~hg, cleJo~hg cflb h] klg x'g ;S5 . ltd|fclwsf+z syf pTsif{df k'lu;s]kl5 Ps tLj|efjk"0f{ If0fsf] cg'e"lt lbG5g\ . Kn6sf] h~hfn/ gfos–gflosfx¿sf] eL8df kf7s clNemg]clnslt klg ;Defjgf 5}g . af}l4s kIfsf] pk]Iffu/]/ xflb{s kIfdfly ltdLn] w]/} a9L hf]8 lbPsL5Øf} . s'g} :yndf dh:tf] kf7s a9L t/nLs[tx'G5 af}l4s kf7sx¿eGbf . ltd|f] cfkm\g}hLjgsyfb]lv lnP/ ltdLn] /r]sf …xjgÚ leqsfsyfx¿ kf7sx¿leq s?0ff, /f]if / ljb|f]xsf] efjklxnf] kf7df g} k}bf ul/lbG5g\ . cGt/fnx¿dfof}g ;Dk[Qm >[+uf/ /; klg, t/ ltd|f] >+[uf/dfpQ]hstfeGbf a9L oyfy{ 5, To:tf] oyfy{ hxf“dgf]lj1fg / ;dfhsf] ;xh ;xcl:tTj x'G5 .ltd|f syfx¿df afx\oeGbf cfGtl/s åGåsf]k|wfgtf b]lvG5 . s'g} :yfgdf kf7sx¿ cndlng;S5g\ sYosf] ef/af/], dxŒjaf/] . ha ltdLcfkm\gf] cGt/dgdf cfkm\g} s'g} rl/ql;t tfbfTDo:yflkt ug{ vf]H5Øf} Tof] 38Ldf ltdL :jo+cfTdlj:d[ltdf /d]sL b]lvG5Øf} . ha ;h{s k"/ftGdotfl;t cfkm\gf] ;[li6l;t k"0f{ ¿kn] cg'/Qmx'G5 ta pm afx\o hutsf] e"uf]n / Oltxf;af/]cgle1 x'G5 s]xL ;dosf nflu . ltd|f syfx¿Ps ;+j]bgzLn gf/Ln] ;dosf] lj8Dagf, g/ /gf/Lsf] ljlrqtfdfly ltvf] b[li6n] cjnf]sg u/]sfzAb–lrqx¿ x'g eGg] d]/f] k|yd k|ltlqmof 5 .ltd|f] ;du|, hLjgb[li6, ltd|f] ?lr / ltd|f]ultzLntfsf] k[i7d"ldsf cfwf/df eljiojf0fL ug{dg nfU5 M Pslgi6 eP/ ;flxTo l;h{gdf nfUg

;Sof} eg] ltd|f] b[li6 / ltd|f] n]vgL pQ/f]Q/prfO ln“b} hfg]5 . ltd|f] hLjgsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;f/,ltd|f] ef}lts cfsf/ / cfGtl/s a]r}gL va/lbG5g\ ls ltdL jf:tljs cy{df ;f}Gbo{sf] ;[li6ug{ rfxG5f} . k|To]s /fd|f] ;flxTos /rgf ;f+:s[lts;f}Gbo{sf] ;[li6 klg xf] . ltdLleq hf“u/ 5, pT;fx5 / ;do 5 . ltd|f] cfkm\g} eljio / ltd|fs[ltx¿sf] eljio cfl>t x'g]5g\ ltd|f] pmhf{, ltd|f]sNkgfzLntf / ltd|f] ;f}Gbo{zf:qLo ?lrdfly .xfd|f] ;dfh af}l4s ¿kn] dgg ubf{ w]/} ;DkGg5}g hlt ltdL / d rfxG5f}+ cyjf c¿ w]/} af}l4s?lr ePsf ldqx¿ rfxG5g\ .d}n]eGbf klxnf ltDn] nfPsf Yof} dfof,cfh–ef]ln 6f9f efU5 lsg cfkm\g} 5fof <

cjZo klg ltd|f syfx¿df af}l4sz'istfeGbf a9L efjgfTds t/ntf 5— ltd|fefje+ludfx¿sf] k|lt5ljsf] cef; kfOG5 . h;n]klxn] dfof nfP klg ;f+;fl/s dfofsf] :jefjToxL xf] hf] ltd|f syfx¿df klg emlNsPsf] 5—…x\jgÚ b]lv …xf/lhtÚ x'“b} c¿ syfx¿sf] s]Gb|dfToxL ;fdflhs / efjgfTds ct[lKt . j:t'tMt[lKteGbf a9L ct[lKtsf syf / sljtfdf a9L:jfb lnG5g\ kf7sx¿ . n]vsx¿sf] em'sfj klgTot}lt/ a9L x'G5 . ljof]ufGt syfgs ;+of]ufTdssYoeGbf cfsif{s dfq x'“b}g, uxg klg x'G5 .ltdLnfO{ /fd|f]l;t yfxf xf]nf, ha dfgj lzz'cfdfsf] ue{af6 k[YjLdf em5{ p;sf] k|yd k|ltlqmof/f]bg x'G5 . b]jtfn] k7fPsf] lzz'sf] k|5Gg ;Gb]zx'g;S5 M ca d ue{sf] dxfgGbaf6 hut\sf]dxfb'Mvdf k|j]z ub}{5' . dxfzflGtaf6 dxfhl6nh~hfndf, qf;bLdf cfP“ . ;fob d}n] st} klxn] klgelg;s]sf] 5' M aL;f}+ ztfAbLsf ;fOlsofl6«:6x¿n],dg;ljb\x¿n] k"/f ljZjf;l;t eg]— …k|f}9 dflg; klgcfkm\gf] cr]tgdf ;w}+ nfnflot e}/xG5 ToxL ue{sf]cfgGblt/ kms{g . ;Def]ult/ u'?Tjfslif{t x'g]ToxL sf/0f xf]— t/ cr]tg . ;Gtx¿, 1fgLx¿,a'4x¿ hf]8 lbP/ eG5g\ M b'MvL dflg; dfq;Def]udf cfgGbsf] e|flGt kfp“5 . dflg;sf] hLjgeg]s} cJoQmgLo Joyfsf] syf xf]— lk|o gLndlgxfl/sf . k|To]s pQ]hgf cfgGbsf] e|flGt lbG5,k|To]s ktg b'Mvsf] ;To lbG5 .

…cfhef]ln 6f9f eFU5 lsg cfkm\g} 5fof====<Últd|f] uhn k+lQm cw{;To dfq af]ln/x]sf] 5 .…;w}+el/ 6f9f efU5 lsg cfkm\g} 5fof <Ú eg]sf]eP a9L ;Tof]lQm x'GYof], cyjf lj:do x'GYof] .oxL kl/j]zdf ofb cfof] lkm/fssf] uLt M …ofb/vgf ls yf t'DxL ;f sf]O{÷ aHd] xl:t d]+ bb{ sLtl:a/ .Ú ofb /fv ls ltdLh:t} sf]xL c¿ klglyof], of] ;+;f/df kL8fsf] tl:a/ .

lk|o lgxfl/sf, c¿ uxg syf, sljtf n]Vb}hfpm . eljio pHofnf] 5 . c:t' .

kf]=a=g+= @(&$

Page 5: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006 %ko{6g

km]l/ v'Nof] e]8]6f/sf] ;f}Gbo{/f}gs lkslgssf] eL8 o'jfo'jtLsf]

uf]kfn bfxfne]8]6f/— htftt} dflg; g} dflg; . uLt–;+uLtsf] cfjfh p:t}

afSnf] / 5/k:6 5 . sf]xL ¥ofkdf, sf]xL l/ldS;df clg sf]xLnf]suLtdf d:t gflr/x]sf 5g\ . e]8]6f/sf] df};d, To;} klg ;w}+lr;f], cem d+l;/sf] a]nf . d+l;/ ;'? ePnuQ} oxf“ 6f9f–6f9fsfo'jfo'jtLsf] cf]O/f ] nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . e]8]6f/df AjfOk|m ]G8,un{k|m ]G8;“u 8]l6ª hfg]x¿ klg w]/} cfp“5g\ .

…w]/} hgf ldn]/ cfof], 3'Dg klg /dfOnf] x'g], gfRg–ufpg klgkfOg],Ú Onfdb]lv lkslgssf nflu ;fyLx¿;“u e]8]6f/ cfPsL dL/flnDa" elG5g\– …6f9fb]lv cfp“bf cln l9nf] eof], emG8} 7fp“ gkfPsf] .Úzlgaf/sf] lbg lkslgssf nflu e]8]6f/ cfpg]x¿sf] cem a9L eL8x'G5 . …gfrufg ug]{ / vfg]s'/f ksfpg] 7fp“ kfO“b}g eg]/ laxfg rf/ah] lx“8]sfn] dfq 7fp“ 5fg]/ gfRg kfof}+,Ú gf}nf] ;f+:s[lts Snaw/fgaf6 ;fyLx¿;“u e]8]6f/ cfPsf O{Zj/ lnDa' eG5g\— …htf uof]eL8 5 .Ú lkslgssf nflu e]8]6f/ k'u]sL w/fgsf] kj{t af]l8{ª:s'nsL g[To k|lzlIfsf gGbf /fO{ lgs} dHhfn] l/ldS; uLtdf gfRb}lyOg\ . gfRbf–gfRb} pgn] elgg\— …cl3 t ;f¥x} hf8f] ePsf]lyof], gfRg yfn]kl5 hf8f] t stf x/fof] stf †Ú

Onfd, pbok'/, df]/ª, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L clg l;/fxfb]lv dfqxf]Og kf]v/f, a'6jn, sf7df8f}+ / bfhL{lnªb]lvsf dflg; oxf“ lkslgssfnflu cfpg] u/]sf] :yfgLo Jofkf/Lx¿ atfp“5g\ . ljleGg hftLo;+:yf klg e]63f6 ug]{, /dfOnf] ug]{ cj;/sf ¿kdf e]8]6f/ lkslgshfG5g\ . ls/f“t ofVvf 5'Ddf, ;'g;/Laf6 lkslgssf nflu e]8]6f/k'u]sf z'qm ofVvf eG5g\— …w]/} eL8 /x]5, eL8sf] klg 5'§} /dfOnf]eof] .Ú lkslgssf] eL8 Joj:yfkg Pj+ ;/;kmfOsf nflu :yfgLokfyLe/f Snan] lkslgssf nflu e]8]6f/ cfpg] uf8L tyf df]6/;fOsn;“u k|j]z z'Ns lng] u/]sf] 5 . …df]6/ uf8Lx¿ kfls{ª ug]{7fp“ kfpg d'l:sn k5{,Ú pnf{af/Lb]lv lkslgs 6f]nL lnP/ cfPsfuf8LwgL hLjg >]i7n] eg] . rt/faf6 e]8]6f/ lkslgs cfPsf clht/fO{sf] ljrf/df of] 7fp“ ;a}sf] dg nf]Eofpg] vfnsf] 5 .

e]8]6f/ lkslgssf nflu klg pko'Qm :yn xf] . ljz]iftM udL{df};ddf zLtntfsf] cfgGb lngsf nflu 6f9fb]lvsf ko{6sx¿e]8]6f/ cfp“5g\ eg] hf8f]df lkslgs cfpg]x¿sf] eL8 b]lvG5 .u'/f“; km'Ng] df};ddf k|ToIf u'/f“; gb]v]sf t/fO{sf ko{6sx¿ klglgs} cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

/fh' l3l;ªe]8]6f/– dfcf]jfbLsf] lx+;fTds

ljb|f]x;“u} ;'s]sf] e]8]6f/sf] ;f}Gbo{hgcfGbf]ng–@ sf] ;kmntf;“u} km]l/v'n]sf] 5 . d'n'sdf nf]stGqcfudg;“u} ut j}zfvb]lv e]8]6f/sf]rxnkxn k'gM a9]sf] xf] . lxhf]cfhe]8]6f/df b}lgs xhf/eGbf a9LcfGtl/s / ef/tLo ko{6ssf] 3'O“rf]nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . b]zdf lx+;fTdsåGå rs{+b} uPsfn] rf}k6 ePsf]Jofkf/–Joj;fo km:6fpg yfn]sf]5 . e]8]6f/df gof“ laxfgLsf] k|f/DeePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf] lx+;fTds/fhgLlt tyf ;'/IffsdL{sf] HofbtLn]lj=;+=@)%^ b]lv e]8]6f/df ko{6ssf]cfudg 36\g yfn]sf] lyof] .

e]8]6f/af6 wgs'6ftkm{ cfwf3G6fsf] a; ofqfdf kg]{ kmnfd]6f/df@)%( ;fndf dfcf]jfbL–k|x/LaLrbf]xf]/f] le8Gt x' “bf Ps bh{g;'/IffsdL{sf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] . pSt36gfkl5 :yfgLojf;Ln] e]8]6f/sf]/+u g} p8]sf] cg'ej u/]sf lyP .…To;kl5 ko{6s cfpg aGb} eof],Joj;fo k"/} rf}k6Ú– tdf]/ EofnL/]:6'/f“sf Dofg]h/ ljlnod k|wfgatfp“5g\ . pgn] b'O{ jif{;Dd /]:6'/f“aGb u/]+ . k|wfg eG5g\– …k'gM @)^!;fndf vf]n+] t/ lbgdf Ps Unf;lrof klg laSb }gYof ] .u|fxs÷ko{6ssf] ;+Vof z"Go g}lyof] .Ú cf7 dlxgfcl3;Dd Jofkf/gePsfn] k|wfg kl/jf/;“u 3fd tfKb}lbg latfp“y] . pgn] /]:6'/f“sf rf/

hgf dhb'/nfO{ tna lbg g;s]/cjsfz lbPsf lyP .

o'4lj/fd / :yfoL zflGtsf];'?jft;“u} e]8]6f/df uPsf] ebf}b]lvko{6sLo l;hg ;'? ePsf] 5 .Joj;fodf cfd"n kl/jt{g b]vf kg{yfn]sf] 5 . ko{6s a9]sfn] tdf]/EofnLdf dfq} dfl;s Ps nfv?k}of“eGbf a9L]sf] sf/f]a/ e}/x]sf]atfOG5 . k|wfg kl/jf/nfO{ EofO{–gEofO{ ePsfn] pgLx¿n] ^ hgfsfdbf/ klg /fv]sf 5g\ . k|wfgeG5g\– …lxhf]cfh dWo/ft;Dd/]:6'/f“ ;~rfng ubf{ klg x'G5 .klxn] ;'/IffsdL{n] ck/fGx # ah]g } aGb ug { cfb ]z lbGy ] . Ú;"of{:t;“u} e]8]6f/df skm\o"{ nfUYof] ./ftL aQL afNg kfO“b}gYof] . gf}nf]dflg; b]Vg]lalQs} ;'/IffsdL{n];f]wvf]h uy]{ . …e]8]6f/ k|:yfg ubf{w/fgsf] lh/f] KjfOG6d} ;'/IffsdL{n]s8f vfgtnf;L uYof]{Ú– w/fg] o'jsljsf; eG5g\ .

tdf]/ EofnL;“u} aGb ePsf]xf ]6n P] +;]n' klg nf]stGqsf]cfudg;“u} v'n]sf] 5 . e]8]6f/df 7"nfk|s[ltsf b'O{ xf]6n tyf kf“rj6f /]:6'/f“5g\ . %) j6feGbf a9L ;fgf xf]6n5g\ . ;d'b|L ;txaf6 ! xhf/ $;o @) ld6/sf] prfOdf cjl:yte]8]6f/ b[iofjnf]sgsf lglDt k|Voft5 . l;l/l/ jxg] oxf“sf] lr;f] xfjf/ l5g–l5gd} x':;'n] 9fSg] ;f}Gbo{x]g{s} lglDt ko{6sx¿ cf]Ol/g] u/]sf5g\ . e]8]6f/d} #) ld6/sf] prfOdf

/x]sf] rfN;{ KjfOG6df rf/ jif{cl3agfOPsf] …Eo" 6fj/Ú e]8]6f/sf] csf]{cfsif{0f xf] . Eo" 6fj/sf] 7]Ssf kfPsfyfg]Zj/ lnDa" eG5g\– …zflGtsf];'?jftd} Ps} lbgdf ! xhf/ ̂ ;o;Ddn]Eo" 6fj/ r9]sf 5g\ .Ú e]8]6f/ cfpg];a} eg] Eo" 6fj/ r9\b}gg\ .

;Ktsf ];Lsf ] lsgf/b ] lvt/fO{sf kmf“6, gfua]nL ;8s,xl/ofnL kxf8 / ;]tfDd] lxdfnLb[iosf] cfgGb oxf“af6 Ps} gh/dflng ;lsG5 . e]8]6f/af6 s~rgh+3f,;u/dfyf / s'Des0f{ lxd>[+vnf gf+uf]cf“vfn] g} x]g{ ;lsG5 . r}t–j}zfvdfkm'n]sf nfuLu'/f“;n] e]8]6f/nfO{/ftfDd] agfp“5 . e]8]6f/ If]qs}Wjh]8f“8faf6 k"jL{ g]kfnsf !^lhNnf Ps}kN6 x]g{ ;lsG5 .

w/fg, O6x/L, Og?jf, bds,latf{df ]8, eb|k'/, sfs8leQf,lj/f6gu/b]lv hgsk'/, nfxfg, a'6jn,jL/uGh, kf]v/f, sf7df8f}+;DdsfcfGtl/s ko{6s kl/jf/;“u} e]8]6f/cfp“5g\ . ef/tsf] k"l0f{of, l;nLu'9L,sf]nsftf, sl6xf/, hf]uagL, k6gf,kmf/j];uGhsf dflg;x¿ k|foM;f]daf/ e]8]6f/ cfp“5g\ .

e]8]6f/df k'Ug Tolt uf¥xf]5}g . w/fgsf] efg'rf}saf6e]8]6f/sf nflu 6\ofS;L kfOG5 .To; afx]s wgs'6f hfg] uf8Lr9]/ e]8]6f/df cf]n{g ;lsG5 .e]8]6f/ k'u]/ s]xL lbg a:g]x¿klg k|z:t} 5, To;/L s]xL lbgTot} a;]/ cfgGbdf /dfpgrfxg]sf nflu klg xf]6n,nhx¿sf] /fd}| Joj:yf 5 .oxf“sf sltko xf]6nsf] ljz]iftfs ] 5 eg ] oxf “ u ' Gb | 's ,l;GsLh:tf ufp“n] kl/sf/x¿t kfpg ;lsG5 t/ cfw'lgskl/sf/ eg] Tolt kfO“b}g .

s;/L k'Ug] e]8]6f/ <

Page 6: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006 ^t?0f ;+;f/

;'/]z lg/f}nfP;Pn;Ldf pTs[i6 glthf Nofpg]

ljBfyL{ xf];\ jf tf]t] af]Ng] gfgL . eljiodfs] eGg ;f]Wof] eg] p;n] kSs} 8fS6/ jfOlGhlgo/ aGg]5' eG5 . ;fgf gfgLsf] dfq}s] s'/f < ue{df /x“b}b]lv cfdfa'jfn]5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ;s];Dd 8fS6/÷ OlGhlgo/ g}agfp“5' eGg] rfxgf /fV5g\\ . klxnf]k|fyldstf lj1fg g} k9\g] eP klg sltkocj:yfdf ljBfyL{n] Kn; 6' ul/;s]kl5 cfkm\g}rfxgfcg'¿ksf] ljifo k9\g] u5{g\ jf lj1fgdf;kmntf xfl;n ug{ g;s]kl5 c¿ ljifolt/;f ] Rg yfN5g \ . s ltko ;dosf]dfucg';f/ s'g ljifo k9\g] eGg] s'/feljionfO{ g} 5fl8lbG5g\ .

…P;Pn;L gu?Gh]n d}n] klg s] k9\g]eGg] ;f]rfO agfO;s]sL lyOg\Ú tLgjif{cl3 lj/f6gu/sf] c/lgsf] :s'naf6P;Pn;L pQL0f{ u/]sL dGbLkf bfxfnn]elgg \– …Joj:yfkg lnP/ Kn; 6 'ul/;s]kl5 dfq} rf6{8{ PsfG6]G6 -;LP_cWoog ug]{ ;f]rfO aGof] .Ú

P;Pn;Lkl5 lzIfs / cleefjsnfO{klg 5Ss kfb}{ Joj:yfkg k9\g] lg0f{o u/]sLdGbLkf oltv]/ ;LPsf] kmfpG8];g sf];{ u/]/OG6/ldl8o6df egf{ ePsL l5g\ . …kf; ug{lgSs} uf¥xf] 5 eGg] ;'g]sL lyP“,Ú pgn] tLlbg ;Demb} elgg\– …t/ dnfO{ of] ljifosf]r'gf}tL / To;kl5sf] cj;/n] cfslif{t u¥of] .Údfdfn] ef/taf6 ;LP u/]/ cfPkl5 cfkm"nfO{of] ljifon] cfslif{t u/]sf] pgn] atfOg\ .

dGbLkf dfq xf]Og, sf7df8f}+ sf]6]Zj/sLk|f~hnL bjf8Ln] klg ;LP k9\g] ;f]rfO aLaLPkl5dfq} agfPsL x'g\ . pgs} zAbdf eGg]xf] eg] k9fO pgsf nflu …k|of]uÚ dfq e}/x]sf]5 . Kn; 6'df ;fOG; k9]sL k|f~hnLn] kl5Joj:yfkgdf bIftf xfl;n ug]{ nIo lnPsLlyOg\ . …cfkm\gf] nIocg'¿k Sofl/o/agfpg vf]Hbfvf]Hb} ;LPlt/ xf]ldg k'u]+,Úpgsf] egfO 5– …o;df kf; eP 7Ls} 5,geP km]l/ cs}{ ;f]Rg'knf{ .Ú

lj/f6gu/s} k|1fg lg/f}nfn] klg dGbLkf/ k|f~hnLh:t} kl5 dfq} ;LP k9\g] nIoagfPsf x'g\ . lsg cfkm\gf] nIo kl/jt{gu/]sf] < …of] klg k|fljlws If]q / cj;/sf;Defjgf k|z:t ePsfn]Ú lg/f}nf eG5g\ .s]xL ;docl3;Dd ;LPsf] k9fO cfkm\gf]kx'“reGbf aflx/sf] ;Demg] / …kf; ug{ lgs}uf¥xf]Ú eGg] xNnf l5rf]Nb} oltv]/ lszf]/–

;LPk|lt

cfOSofgdf egf{ ljBfyL{ / pQL0f{ ;+Vofjif{ kmfpG8];g OG6/ldl8o6 kmfOgn)%& @! % – – – –)%* &# ^ ^ – – –)%( &^ @@ $* & – –)^) !%$ $% @@! @) * !)^! @(# #& @#^ @! $! #)^@ ##) && #!( @! &) %)^# !)) @^ !*( @& $& %

;|f]t M cfOSofggf]6 M olQs} ;+Vofdf ef/tLo af]8{df klg ;LP k9\g] g]kfnL ljBfyL{ 5g\ .

lszf]/Lx¿ ;LPnfO{ cfkm\gf]Sofl/o/ agfpg nfluk/]sf5g\ . cem g]kfnd} ;LPcWofkg x'g yfn]kl5 o;sf]…qm]hÚ a9\bf] 5 .

cGo ljifosf] t'ngfdfk9fO vr{ cToGt sd /kof{Kt cj;/sf] ;Defjgfn];LPk|ltsf] cfsif{0f a9\b} uPsf]x f ] . Ps bzscl3;Ddg]kfndf ;LP k9\g]–k9fpg]; + :yf lyPgg \ . g ]k fnLljBfyL{n] ef/taf6 ;LP u/]/cfpg'kYof]{ . 5 jif{cl3 g]kfn rf6{8{PsfpG6 ]G6 \; ; +:yf -cfOSofg_ n ];LP;DaGwL cWoog ug{ yfn]kl5 g]kfnLljBfyL{df o;sf] cfsif{0f a9]sf] xf] .

…klxn] clwsf+z cleefjs cfkm\gf5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ls 8fS6/ ls OlGhlogo/ jfkfOn6 agfp“5' eGy],Ú OlG6ro'6 ckm rf6{8{PsfpG6]G;L ckm g]kfn -cfOSofg_sf cWoIfljgf]b /fhe08f/L eG5g\– …clxn] ;LPklg pgLx¿sf] nIodf kg{ yfn]sf] 5 .slt ljBfyL{ cfkm} klg ;LP k9\5' eg]/cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ .Ú

cfOSofgn] k9fpg yfNg' rf/ jif{cl3k'tnL;8sdf v'n]sf] rf6{8{ Ps]8]ldsOG6/g];gn -;LPcfO{_ n] ;LPsf] sf]lrª sIffyfln;s]sf] lyof] . pQm ;+:yfdf kmfpG8];,OG6/ / kmfOgn k9fOP klg ljBfyL{x¿n]ef/tLo af]8{df k/LIff lbg'kYof]{ . w]/} ljBfyL{kmfpG8]; sf];{ ;s]/ ef/t hfGy] . of] ;+:yfn];LP cWoog If]qdf qmflGt t Nofof] t/ klgk9\g ef/t hfg'k5{ / w]/} vr{ nfU5 eGg]dfgl;stf sfod} lyof] .

…cfOSofg v'n]kl5 ef/t hfg'k5{ eGg];f]rfOdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5,Ú /fhe08f/Lsf]bfaL 5– …Ps t g]kfnd} klg k9fO x'g yfNof],To;dfly k9\g Ps k};f klg vr{ ug'{kb}{g, pN6}cfDbfgL x'G5 .Ú ;LP k9\g ljBfyL{n] Psk};f klg vr{ ug'{kb}{g . pN6} %) xhf/cfDbfgL x'G5 . ;LPsf] kmfOgndf tLg jif{sfd u/]/ k9\g'kg]{ x'bf“ ljBfyL{n] /fd|} kfl/>ldskfp“5g\ . sfd nufpg] kmd{n] ;LP kmfOgnsfljBfyL{nfO{ klxnf] jif{ dfl;s @ xhf/, bf];|f]jif{ @ xhf/ % ;o / t];|f] jif{ # xhf/lbg'kg]{ lgod 5 . o;n] kmfOgnsf ljBfyL{n]tLg jif{df () xhf/ cfDbfgL u5{g\ .

k9fO z'Ns eg] kmfpG8];gdf ;f9] &

xhf/, OG6/ / kmfOgndf !%÷!% xhf/ u/LhDdf ;f9] #& xhf/ ?k}of“dfq nfU5 .ljBfyL{n] aflx/sf OlG:6Ro'6df sf]lrª sIfflnPgg\ eg] tLg jif{df k9fO vr{ s6fP/%) xhf/eGbf a9L cfDbfgL x'g ;S5 .k9fOsf nflu sf]lrª ln“bf kmfpG8];g /OG6/df @)÷@) xhf/ nfU5 t/ sf]lrªsIff lng}kg]{ afWotf 5}g .

;LPsf] cWoog s'g} ljZjljBfnodfkm{tx'g] xf]Og . ljZjsf x/]s b]zsf] ;/sf/n]rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G6\;sf nflu 5'§} lgod–sfg'gagfP/ Pp6f af]8{ u7g u/]sf x'G5g\ . ToxLaf]8{n] ljBfyL{ egf{ ug]{, k/LIff lng] tyfglhtf lgsfNg] sfd u5{ . g]kfndf klg ;+;b\n])%# ;fndf g]kfn rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G6\; P]gNofP/ )%& ;fnb]lv Jofj;flos cWofkgk|f/De u/]sf] xf] . To;otf g]kfnaf6 ;LPug]{x¿sf] ;+Vof !$ k'u]sf] 5 .s:tf] 5 cj;/ <

;LPx¿s} egfOdf g]kfndf /f]huf/Lsf]cj;/ k|z:t 5 . clxn]sf] dfu k"/f ug{klg sDtLdf % xhf/ ;LP rflxPsf] 5 .xfn g]kfndf sl/a # ;o ;LP 5g\ . …;f“Rr}eGg] xf] eg] ;LPnfO{ cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ eGg]km';{b klg x'“b}g,Ú jl/i7 ;LP xl/s'df/ l;njfneG5g\– …sfdsf] cf]e/nf]8 5 .Ú cfDbfgLsf]s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] klg ;fwf/0f JolQmn] ck]Iff

ug]{eGbf w]/} pRr 5 . ev{/} ;LP u/]/cfPsfx¿n] klg $)÷%) xhf/ sdfO/x]sf 5g\ .oxf“ :yflktsf] t s'/} 5f8f}+ . …jif{df s/f]8f}+ sdfpg]w]/} 5g\,Ú l;njfn eG5g\ . ;LPj[Qdf Pp6frng 5, …x/]s ;LPn] cfkm\gf] cfDbfgLsf]n]vf /fVg csf]{ ;LP /fv]sf x'G5g\ .Ú

;LP u/]sfx¿sf] ;/sf/L sfof{no jf;+:yfgdf cf7f}+ tx a/fa/sf] of]Uotf x'G5 .g]kfndf ;LPsf] cefjdf :gfts, :gftsf]Q/u/]sf n]vfkfnx¿n] /fd|} sfd kfO/x]sf 5g\ .csf{tkm{ & xhf/eGbf a9L /lh:68{ cl86/n]klg ;LPsf] cefj k"lt{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . ljb]zdfn]vf;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd ;LPn] ug]{ jf p;sf];'kl/j]If0fdf n]vfkfnn] ug]{ rng 5 . …ljb]zdfh:t} lgod oxf“ klg nfu" ug]{ xf] eg] b;f}+ xhf/;LP eP klg k'Ub}g,Ú /fhe08f/Lsf] bfjL 5 .sxf“ k9\g] ;LP <

aa/dxnl:yt cfOSofgn] ;LPljBfyL{sf] egf{ lnG5 / kf7\oqmd pknAwu/fOlbG5, k/LIff lnG5 / glthf k|sflztu5{ . ljBfyL{nfO{ cK7\of/f] nfu]sf s]xL ljifodfPs÷8]9 dlxgf sf]lrª sIff lbG5 .cGt/f{li6«o 6«]G8 klg o:t} 5 . o;n] s'g}klg OlG:6Ro'6nfO{ ;DaGwg lb“b}g ./fhwfgLdf % j6f ;LP OlG:6Ro'6 5g\ ./fhwfgLaflx/ o:tf OlG:6Ro'6 5}gg\ .

oL OlG:6Ro'6n] g]kfnsf] xf];\ jf ef/tLoaf]8{ b'j}lt/sf ljBfyL{nfO{ sf]lrª sIffpknAw u/fp“5g\ / k/LIffsf nflu tof/agfOlbG5g\ . ljBfyL{n] cfOSofgdf cfP/cfkm} /lh:6«];g ug'{k5{ cyjf sf]lrª ;]G6/cfkm}n] klg /lh:6«];g ul/lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf5g\ . ef/t / a]nfotdf klg o:t} lgod5 . af]8{df /lh:6«];g u/] k'U5 . To;kl5pQm ;+:yfn] ^÷^ dlxgfdf lng] k/LIffdf;fd]n x'g'k5{ . ef/tLo af]8{cGtu{t cWoog

ug]{ ljBfyL{n] /fhwfgLl:yt ef/tLo/fhb"tfjf;sf] s]Gb|Lo ljBfnodf k/LIfflbg'k5{ . …s]xL jif{otf ef/tLo af]8{eGbf g]kfnaf]8{df egf{ x'g]sf] ;+Vof a9]sf] 5,Ú ;LPcfO{sflgb]{zs ljho kf7sn] eG5g– …To;df klglszf]/Lx¿sf] cfsif{0f cem a9\bf] 5 .Ú

sf]lrª z'Ns eg] OlG:6Ro'6}lkR5] km/s–km/s 5 . s;}n] @) xhf/ tf]s]sf 5g\,s;}n] @% xhf/ . sdhf]/ / h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{nfO{5fqj[lQsf] klg Joj:yf 5 .s:tf ljBfyL egf{ x'g;S5g\ <

Kn; 6' ;s]sf ljBfyL{n] kmfpG8];gdfegf{ kfp“5g\ . ljBfyL{n] hlt k|ltzt c+sNofP klg lgjf{w ¿kdf egf{ kfp“5g\ . egf{x'g'cl3 k|j]z k/LIff lbg'kb}{g . :gfts u/]sfljBfyL{ OG6/ldl8o6df egf{ x'g ;S5g\, t/pgLx¿n] Joj:yfkgdf :gfts u/]sf] ePsDtLdf %) k|ltzt c+s NofPsf] x'g'k5{ .Joj:yfkgafx]s cGo ljifodf ljBfyL{ k|yd>]0fLdf pQL0f{ ePsf] x'g'k5{ .

kmfpG8];g / OG6/ldl8o6 Ps÷Psjif]{ sf];{ x'g\ . o;df ljBfyL{n] cfOSofgn]l;kmfl/; u/]sf] k':ts k9]/ k/LIff lbg'k5{ .of] kmfOgn tLg jif]{ sf];{ xf] . o; cjlwdfljBfyL{n] ;LP kmd{df sfd ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .tLg jif{sf] cjlwdf ljBfyL{n] ! ;o $)lbg cWoog labf kfp“5g\ . cWoogsf nfluljBfyL{nfO{ a9L labf rflxP kmd{nfO{ hfgsf/Lu/fP/ a]tnjL a:g ;S5g\ .k9\g slQsf] uf¥xf] 5 <

cGo ljZjljBfnosfk9fOeGbf ;LPsf] cWoog–cWofkg z}nL cnu 5 .k9fpg], k/LIff lng] / glthflng] ;a} ljlw ljZjljBfno;“ud]n vf“b}g . …xfdL ;}4flGtseGbfa9L k|flS6snnfO{ hf]8 lbG5f}+,Ú/fhe08f/L eG5g\– …pQL0f{ x'g];Ldf klg To;cg';f/ g} lgwf{/0fu/]sf 5f}+ .Ú

cfOSofgn] x/]s txsf]sf];{nfO{ b'O{ efudf ljefhgu/]sf] 5 . ;d"x P / ;d"xaL . x/]s ;d"xdf #÷# ljifo

5g\ . ljBfyL{n] pQL0f{ x'g h'g;'s} ljifodf$) c+s NofPs} x'g'k5{ . Ps ;d"xdf ! ;o%) gf3]s} x'g'k5{ . ;a}df $) eGbfdflyc+s cfPsf] 5 t/ s'n ! ;o %) k'u]g eg]ljBfyL{ cg'QL0f{ x'G5g\ . csf]{kN6 ;a} ljifosf]k/LIff lbg'k5{ . s'g} ljifodf ^) gf3]sf] 5/ csf]{df #) gf3]sf] 5 t/ $) k'u]sf] 5}geg] ^) gf3]sf] ljifo csf]{k6s lbg'kb}{g, #)gf3]sf] ljifosf] dfq k/LIff lbP x'G5 .

cfOSofgsf] o:t} z}nLn] w]/} ljBfyL{cg'QL0f{ x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . w]/}n] o;nfO{ uf¥xf]k9fO eg]/ kl/eflift u/]sf 5g\ . …Ps–b'O{ dlxgfk9]/ kf; u5'{ eGg] xf] eg] uf¥xf] 5,ÚOG6/sf] k/LIff lbg] tof/Ldf /x]sL l;h{gfpk|]tL elG5g\– …lgoldt ¿kdf k9] uf¥xf] 5}g .Ú

;LPdf cGt/f{li6«o …6«]G8Ú g} o:t} 5 .…;LP k9\g Tolt uf¥xf] 5}g, ljb]zlt/ o;nfO{clnslt klg uf¥xf] dflg“b}g,Ú /fhe08f/LeG5g\–…t/ xfdLsxf“ ljZjljBfnosf] k9fO/ Jofj;flos k9fOdf w]/} 7"nf] cGt/ ePsfn]uf¥xf] nfu]sf] dfq xf] .Ú

/fhe08f/Lsf cg';f/ g]kfndfljZjljBfno :t/sf] k9fO s]jn ;}4flGtsdfq 5 . ;}4flGts ¿kdf k9]sf s'/fJojxf/df ptfg{ w]/ } uf¥xf ] x 'G5 .…Joj:yfkgdf PdaLP ul/;s]sf ljBfyL{nfO{hg{n OG6«L gcfPsf pbfx/0f w]/} 5g\,Ú/fhe08f/L eG5g\–…kf6{g;{;Lksf] lx;fa ug{lbof] eg] h]gt]g ldnfpnfg\ t/ pgLx¿lkmN8df sfd ug{ eg] ;Sb}gg\ . t/ ;LPsfljBfyL{x¿ cfos/ sfg'gb]lv Jofj;flossfg'g;Dd plQs} hfgsf/ x'G5g\, lkmN8dfpgLx¿n] hfg]sf] s'/f sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{x'G5 .Ú …ljZjljBfno :t/df klg …k|flS6snÚnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbg] xf] eg] ;LP k9\g s'g}uf¥xf] 5}g,Ú /fhe08f/Ln] atfP .

k9fpg] ;+:yfrf6{8{ Ps]8]dL OG6/g];gn -k'tnL;8s_k|fOd -gof“afg]Zj/, k'tnL ;8s_+;Ldf -k'tnL ;8s_;L;LPdP -k'tnL ;8s_;LcfO{kLPn -k'tnL ;8s_

ljBfyL{sf] cfsif{0f

• s7df8f}+l:yt Ps ;+:yfsf nfluc+u|]hL efiffdf kf]Vt Ps hgf ;]qm]6/Ltyf l/;]K;lg:6sf] cfjZostf 5 .;]qm]6/L sf];{ u/]sf] tyf sDKo'6/;DaGwL1fg x'g]n] kmf]g gDa/ $$&)(&( df;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

• eQmk'/l:yt Ps dfWoldsljBfnosf] dfWolds txsf nflu;DalGwt ljifodf :gfts tx pQL0f{ul0ft, g]kfnL / c+u|]hL lzIfs tyfk|fylds txsf nflu k|lj0ftf k|df0fkqtx pQL0f{ c+u|]hL lzIfssf] cfjZostf5 . ;DalGwt If]qdf cg'ej k|fKt JolQmn]cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ JolQmut ljj/0f;lxthLkLcf] aS; gDa/ @%!&$ sf7df8f}+dfcfj]bg lbg'xf]nf .

• sf7df8f}+l:yt Ps k|f=ln=sf nfluc+u|]hL efiff /fd|/L af]Ng, n]Vg / 6fOkug{ ;Sg] Ps–Ps hgf l/;]K;lg:6 tyfPsfpG6]G6sf] cfjZostf 5 . k|jL0ftfk|df0fkq tx jf Kn; 6' pQL0f{ JolQmn]cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ JolQmut ljj/0f;lxt kf]:6aS; gDa/ !@!#* df cfj]bg lbg'xf]nf .

• sf7df8f } + l:yt Ps s]gnSnanfO{ dfs]{l6ª;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ !)hgf sd{rf/Lsf] cfjZostf 5 . ;DalGwtIf]qdf cg'ej k|fKt JolQmn] Snasf] kmf]ggDa/ $$^%&!( df ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

• sf7df8f}+l:yt Ps Jofkfl/ssDkgLsf nflu sf7df8f}+, gf/fo0fu9,kf]v/f, w/fg zfvfcGtu{t /x]/ sfdug]{ % hgf l/;]K;lg:6 Pj+ !) hgf;]N; un{sf] cfjZostf 5 . OR5'sJolQmn] sDkgLsf] kmf]g gDa/ $@$@)^!df ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

• sf7df8f}+l:yt Ps cf}ifwL;DaGwL;+:yfnfO{ ;LPdP cWoog u/]sf] Pssd{rf/Lsf] cfjZostf 5 . OR5'sJolQmn] kmf ]g gDa/ @)&#*(( df;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

• sf7df8f} +l:yt Ps sDkgLsfn f l u @@ hg f d l xn f – k ' ? i fsd{rf/Lsf] cfjZostf 5 . OR5'sJo lQmn ] sDkgLsf ] k m f ] g gDa/$$&)^&^ df ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

• sf7df8f}+l:yt Ps 6«feN; PG86'/ sDkgLsf nflu Ps hgf l6s]l6ªclkm;/ tyf Ps hgf dlxnfl/;]K;lg:6sf] cfjZostf 5 . ;DalGwtsfo{df cg'ej k|fKt JolQmn] kmf]g gDa/$@!%(^% df ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

• stf/sf] bf]xfl:yt Ps j}b]lzs/f]huf/bftf sDkgLsf nflu $$ hgfx]eL 8«fOe/, % hgf x]eL OSj]kd]G6ck/]6/, % hgf :6f]/lsk/, % hgfl;lgo/ l;len OlGhlgo/, % hgfd]sflgsn OlGhlgo/, % hgf PsfpG6]G6,! hgf :sLN8 n]a/, @ hgf lu|h/ / @)hgf u|]8/ ck/]6/sf] cfjZostf 5 . OR5'sJolQmn] sDkgLsf] g]kfnl:yt k|ltlglwnfO{kmf]g $#*@@@@ df ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

• sf7df8f } + l:yt Ps c+u| ]hLldl8odsf] dfWolds ljBfnosf nflu:gftsf]Q/ tx pQL0f{ u/]/ cg'ej xfl;nu/]sf] Ps hgf lk|lG;kn, :gfts tx pQL0f{u/]/ cg'ej k|fKt lk|–k|fOd/L OGrfh{, ;a}ljifosf lzIfsx¿ tyf Ps hgf cg'ejLPsfpG6]G6 cfjZostf 5 . of]Uo JolQmn]cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ JolQmut ljj/0f;lxthLkLcf] !!^^% df cfj]bg lbg'xf]nf .

• sf7df8f } + l:yt Ps z}lIfs;+:yfsf nflu rf/ hgf :68L ca|f]8sfplG;n/, b'O{ hgf l/;r{ k;{g, rf/hgf l/;]K;lg:6, b'O{ hgf Nofa cl;:6]G6\;tyf b'O{ hgf clkm; AjfOsf] cfjZostf 5 .of]Uo JolQmn] ;+:yfsf] kmf]g gDa/ @))@!%(df ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

• sf7df8f } + l :yt Pskmdf{l;6\o'sN; sDkgLsf nflu aL kmfd{pQL0f{ Ps hgf kmdf{l;:6 / aLP:;LpQL0f{ Ps hgf d]l8sn ;]N; clkm;/sf]cfjZostf 5 . ;DalGwt If]qdf cg'ejk|fKt JolQmn] kmf]g gDa/ %%#(*!^ df;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .

Page 7: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006 &k|ljlw

lj1fg ;dfrf/ ;fKtflxs *^ sd

Raizz.com/]h OG6/6]Gd]G6 Dofg]hd]G6

k|f=ln= gfds Oe]G6 Dofg]hd]G6sDkgLn ] ;~rfng u/ ]sf ]j]a;fO6sf] gfd /]h 86sd xf] .g]kfndf x'g] kf6L{ tyf Oe]G6Dofg]hd]G6h:tf dgf]/~hgfTdssfo{x¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg]tyf To;;“u ;DalGwt ;+uLt,UNofd/ / tl:a/x¿sf] k|j4{g ug'{of] j]a;fO6sf] p2]Zo xf] . g]kfnsf]kf6L{ ;+:s[ltnfO{ ;+;f/sf cGob]zsf kf6L{ ;+:s[ltk| ]dLx¿sf]aLrdf k'¥ofpg] / g]kfns} kf6L{;+:s[ltk|]dLx¿nfO{ klg g]kfnsf ;fy}cGo b]zsf kf6L{ ;+:s[ltsf af/]dfhfgsf/L k|bfg ug' { klg of ]j ]a;fO6sf ] p2 ]Zo xf ] . of ]j ]a;fO6df g ]k fndf s ]x L;docl3b]lv clxn];Dd e}/x]sf;Dk"0f{ Oe]G6sf af/]df hfgsf/Lkfpg ;lsG5 . To; }u/L;+uLtcGtu{t ljleGg ufossf uLttyf Do'lhs lel8of ]x¿;lxt;+uLtsf af/]df gof“ hfgsf/Lx¿klg o;df /flvPsf 5g\ . To;}u/LljleGg df]8nsf tl:a/ / hfgsf/Lklg of] j]a;fO6df pknAw 5g\ .To;}u/L g]kfndf /x]sf ljleGg kf6L{Kofn];sf gfd klg o;df pknAw5g\ . g]kfnsf] kf6L{ ;+:s[lt /To;;“u ;DalGwt ljleGg kIfnfO{of] ;fO6df ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

cIf kl/jt{g:tgwf/Lsf] sfn

k[YjLsf] cIf kl/jt{g ;“u;“u}df};ddf x'g] kl/jt{gn] :tgwf/LhLjhGt'x¿ gfl;g] u/]sf] tYoPp6f cWoog–k | ltj ]bgdfhgfOPsf] 5 . % nfvb]lv @) nfvjif{ klxn] cl:tTjdf /x]sf] / kl5gfl;P/ cjz]if aGg k 'u ]sf:tgwf/L k | f0f Lx¿sf af/ ]dfg]b/NofG8sf] Ps ljZjljBfnosfhLjglj1fgljb\, jftfj/0fljb\x¿sf];d"xn] u/]sf] cWoogaf6 ;f] s'/fkQf nfu]sf] xf] . k[YjLn] ! nfvb]lv$ nfv jif{df cfkm\gf] cIf kl/jt{gubf{ df};dd} ptf/r9fj cfpg] /To; qmddf ljls/0fx¿ pTkGg x'g]tyf To;sf] k|lts"n k|efj :tgwf/LhLjhGt'df kg]{ ePsfn] pgLx¿gfl;g k 'u ]sf ] lgisif { pQmcWoogsf] 5 .

;dln+uLnfO{P8\;n] uf“Hof]

c:6 « ] lnofsf ;dln +uLk'?ifx¿df P8\; /f]u cTolws ¿kdfj[l4 ePsf] Toxf“sf] s]Gb|Lo ;?jf/f]u cg';Gwfg s]Gb|n] hgfPsf] 5 .;g\ @))) otf $! k|ltztP8\;hGo /f]u j[l4 ePsf] s'/f klgpQm cg';Gwfgdf pNn]v 5 .dflg;x¿nfO{ /f]syfdsf nfuLplrt ¿kdf Wofgfsif{0f u/fpgg;Sg' tyf of}g;Dks{sf af/]dfhfgsf/L u/fpg g;Sgfn] To;/L/f]u km}lnPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .

5'b|u|x k[YjLdf 7f]lSsPnf <b'n{e k|f0fL arfpg h}ljs sf“8]tf/k[YjLdf dxfljklQ Nofpg]

elgPsf] 5'b|u|xsf ;DaGwdfj}1flgsx¿n] cg';Gwfg ub}{cfPsf 5g\ . k[YjLdf 7f]lSsP/dxfljgfz dlRrPnf eGg] 8/n]j}1flgsx¿n] 5'b|u|xdfly cf“vfuf8\b} cfPsf x'g\ .

j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/;f}o{d08nsf] lgdf{0f x'“bf u|xsf]¿k lng g;s]sf ;–;fgfr§fgsf 6'qmf g} 5'b|u|x x'g\ .5'b|u|x ! lsnf]ld6/b]lv * ;olsnf]ld6/ Jof;;Ddsf x'G5g\ .oL 5'b|u|xsf] s'n ef/ k[YjLsf]!÷#))) efu dfq 5, h'g d+un/ a[x:kltsf] sIfaLrdf 3'ld/x]sf5g\ . Toxf“ ! xhf/ * ;ohlt5'b|u|x /x]sf] kQf nfu]sf] 5 .

j}1flgsx¿n] o;df lrGtfug{'sf] d'Vo sf/0f oL 5'b|u|xk[YjLdf 7f]lSs“bf 7"nf] dfqfdf afSnf]w"nf] k[YjLsf] jfo'd08ndf km}lng]/ To;n] If0fe/d} k[YjLsf ]jfo'd08nnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg'xf] . o;af6 tTsfn} k|f0fL /

jg:klt dg{ ;S5g\ . af“r]sf k|f0fLjg:kltnfO{ klg jftfj/0fcg's"nx'g uf¥xf] x'g;S5 .

@^ s/f]8 jif{cl3 k[YjLdfo:t} 5'b|u|x 7f]lSsP/ &) k|ltzthldgsf k|f0fL tyf #) k|ltzt;d'b|sf k|f0fL d/]sf] gf;fsfj}1flgsx¿sf] cg'dfg 5 . of]7f]SsfOaf6 $% jif{;Dd k[YjLsf]jfo'd08ndf % lsnf]ld6/ nfdf]afSnf] w"nf] hd]sf] lyof] . o;af6k[YjLsf] ;txdf ;"o{sf] ls/0f k'Ug;s]sf] lyPg, h;sf sf/0fk[YjLdf jfo'd08n kl/jt{g e} w]/}k|f0fLn] OxnLnf ;dfKt ePsf]lyof] . o:t} ^ s/f]8 %) nfvjif{cl3 5'b|u|xs} 7f]SsfOaf68fogf ];/ nf ]k ePsf ]j}1flgsx¿sf] lgisif{ 5 .

xfn} dfq j}1flgsx¿n]k[YjLdf st} klg gkfOg] r§fgcG6fs{l6sfdf km]nf kf/]sf 5g\ .pQm r§fgsf] cWoogn] @^ s/f]8jif{cl3 k[YjLdf 5'b|u|x 7f]lSsPsf]k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 .

h ; / Ldflg;sf] s'g} If]qjf hldgdf clwsf// :jfldTj x'G5,To; }u/L h +unLhgfj/x¿sf] klgljz]if clwsf/ If]qx'G5 . pgLx¿n]cfkm\gf] If]q lgwf{/0fug{ ljz]if tl/sfckgfpg ] u/ ]sf ] j }1f lgscg';Gwfgaf6 k'li6 ePsf] 5 .

o:t} Ps cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUgj}1flgs h]/L lAn6\; eG5g\– …h;/Ldflg;n] cfkm\gf ] hUuf–hldg:jfldTjsf nflu sfg'gL ¿kdflnlvt sfuh u/]sf] x'G5, To;}u/Lh+unL hgfj/x¿df af3, l;+x,lrt'jf / clk|msL h+undf ljr/0fug]{ s's'/x¿n] klg lk;fa u/]/cfkm\gf] ;Ldf lgwf{/0f u5{g\ . o;nfO{/f;folgs ;~rf/ elgG5 . oLhgfj/x¿n] lk;fa km]/]/ ;Ldflgwf{/0f ug'{sf] sf/0f cfkm\gf] If]qdfc¿ hgfj/ gk;"g eGg] xf] . oxLlk;fadfkm {t c¿ hgfj/nfO{

r]tfjgL lbg' klg xf] .Új}1flgsx¿n] o:t} hgfj/ lk;fa

k|of]u u/]/ k[YjLaf6 nf]k x'g] cj:yfdfk'u]sf b'n{e hgfj/nfO{ hf]ufpg ;lsg]atfPsf 5g\ . j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/af3, lrt'jf, l;+x / a“b]nsf lk;fak|of]u u/]/ oL hgfj/x¿sf] ;+/If0fug{ ;lsG5 . j}1flgsx¿n] o;nfO{ h}ljssf“8] tf/sf] gfd lbPsf 5g\ . of]tf}/tl/sfn] lk;fa 5s]{/ af3, efn'/ lrt'jfaf6 d[u tyf xl/0fh:tfhgfj/nfO{ 6f9} a:g] r]tfjgLsf] ;+s]tlbG5 . oBlk of] ljlw ckgfp“bf af3/ lrt'jf ef]s} k/]/ st} pgLx¿ g}nf]k x'g] t xf]Ogg\ eGg] kL/ klgj}1flgsx¿nfO{ 5 .

vfg]kfgL z'4 kfg]{ pks/0fg ]kfndf b ] lvPsf ] z '4

vfg]kfgLsf] ;d:ofnfO{ nlIft u/]/sf7df8f}+l:yt lxn6]s sDkgLn]cTofw'lgs k|ljlwsf kfgL k|zf]wgpks/0fx¿ g]kfnL ahf/df NofPsf]5 . kf“r txdf kfgLsf] k|zf]wgug]{ cf/cf] -l/e;{ cf]:df]l;;_k|ljlw;lxtsf] pQm pks/0faf65flgPsf] kfgL ldg/n jf6/eGbfu'0f:t/Lo x'g] bfaL ul/G5 . ljleGgdf]8n tyf cfsf/df pknAw pQmpks/0fsf] d"No @$ xhf/b]lv (@xhf/;Dd 5 .

k'; @% ut]b]lv Sofg OGkmf]6]ssf7df8f}+– ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/

k|ljlw -cfO{l;6L_ If]q;“u ;DalGwtjif{s} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dxf]T;j SofgOGkmf]6]s– @))& cfufdL k'; @%b]lv #) ut];Dd jL/]Gb| cGt/f{li6«o;Dd]ng s]Gb| gof“ afg]Zj/dfcfof]hgf x'g] ePsf] 5 . …gof“ g]kfn,O–g]kfnÚ gf/f /flvPsf] o;k6ssf]dxf]T;jdf cl3Nnf dxf]T;jx¿dfh:t} gof“–gof“ k|ljlwx¿ ;fj{hlgsx'g] cfof]hs sDKo'6/ P;f]l;P;gckm g]kfn -Sofg_ n] hgfPsf] 5 . .!@ jif{ b]lv nuftf/ OGkmf]6]scfof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf] Sofgn] !# cf}+;+:s/0f cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf] xf] .

dxf]T;jsf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/Llb+b} Sofgsf cWoIf ljKnjdfg l;+xn]eg]– …o;k6ssf] dxf]T;jnfO{ cfO;gfdfs/0f u/]sf 5f}+ . cfO; cyf{t\OGkm/d ];g, sDo' lgs];g /OG6/6]gd]G6Ú . l;+xsf cg';f/ ;"rgftyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw k];fut ¿kdfh;/L x/]s If]qsf nflu cfjZose};s]sf] 5, To;/L g} dgf]/~hgsfIf]qdf klg o;sf] ljsNk gePsfn]o;nfO{ cfO; dxf]T;j elgg'k5{ .ev{/} dfq ;/sf/ tyf ljb|f]xLdfcf ]jfbLaLr ePsf ] zflGt;Demf}tfnfO dWogh/ ub}{ gof“g]kfnsf x/]s If]qnfO{ sDKo'6/k|ljlw;“u hf]8]/ ljsf;sf ;Defjgfvf]tNg ;lsg] ePsfn] g} dxf]T;jsf]d"n gf/f …gof“ g]kfn, O–g]kfnÚ/flvPsf] l;+xn] atfP .

OGkmf]6]sdf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/k|ljlw ;Da4 ljZje/sf ljleGgsDkgLsf pTkfbgx¿ sl/a ! ;o^@ :6ndfkm{t\ k|bz{gdf /flvg]5g\ .

…k|bz{gLdfkm{t\\ Jofkfl/s sDkgL /d]nf cjnf]sgstf{n] Ps} ynf]dfcfO{l;6Lsf ljleGg pTkfbgsf af/]dfhfgsf/L lbg] tyf lng] sfd x'g]5Údxf]T;jsf ;+of]hs l;Pg pkfWofoeG5g\– ^ lbg;Dd rNg] pQmk|bz{gLdf l;l;l6eL, ;:tf] d"NosfNofk6k sDKo'6/, ljB'tLo If]qsfljleGg pks/0f tyf ljleGgsDkgLsf gof“ pTkfbg x'g]5g\ .pTkfbs sDkgLx¿ cfkm\gf pTkfbgsf]ahf/ lj:tf/ ug{ o;k6s klg b'O{lbgnfO{ lahg]; 8]sf ¿kdf5'6\ofOPsf] 5 .

k|bz{gL cfof]hgf ug'{sf] d'Vop2]Zo g]kfndf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/k|ljlw If]qsf] ljsf;df ;r]tgfkm}nfpg] / gof“ k|ljlwsf af/]dfcjnf]sgstf{nfO{ hfgsf/L pknAwu/fpg' xf], l;+x eG5g– o;k6sjfo/n]; km/ ?/n sg]lS6le6Lsf]cjwf/0ffsf ;DaGwdf klg 5nkmnx'g]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] b;f}+ k~rjifL{oof]hgf cGtu{t b]ze/ Ps xhf/

kf“r ;o u|fdL0f ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgfug]{ cleofg klg OGkmf]6]saf6} ;'?x'g] cfzf lnOPsf] l;+xn] atfP . utjif{ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw d~r -lkm6 g]kfn_ sf] ;+of]hgdf g]kfndfePsf ;"rgf k|ljlw ;Da4 sfo{x¿sf]hfgsf/L lbg /flvPsf ] 5 '§ }Koflelnogsf] sG;]K6 o;k6s klg/fVg] of]hgf e}/x]sf] l;+xn] atfP .o;afx]s ! ;o 8n/sf] Nofk6ksDKo'6/ Pj+ l5d]sL ef/tdf cToGt}nf]slk|o l;DKo'6/sf ck8]6]8 e;{gn]cfsif{0f lvRg] l;+xn] atfP .

k|bz{gLdf g]kfnL cfO{l;6LIf]qdf sfo{/t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyfcWofkg u/fpg] ljZjljBfnox¿nfO{klg :yfg pknAw u/fpg] of]hgf /x]sf]Sofgsf dxf;lrj /fhg/fh kGtn] atfP .rf/j6f ljZjljBfnonfO lgMz'Ns :6npknAw u/fOg]5, kGtn] eG5g\–o;afx]s cfO{l;l6sf] If]qdf sfo{/tk|ltefzfnL b'O{ ;+:yf jf JolQmnfO{klg pgLx¿sf] k|ltef x]/L lgMz'Ns:6n lbOg]5 .

cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngOGkmf]6]ss} cj;/df cGt/f{li6«o

cfOl;6L ;Dd]ng k'; @^ b]lv @(ut];Dd cfof]hgf x'g] ePsf] 5 .…lslN8ª O–g]kfn km/ ;f]l;of]–Osf]gf]lds 8]enkdG6Ú gf/f /flvPsf]pQm ;Dd]ngdf ljleGg d'n'saf6cfPsf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwlj1x¿n] gof“ k|ljlwsf ;DaGwdfljleGg sfo{kq k|:t't ug]{5g\ .;Dd]ngdf l;+ufk'/, hfkfg, dn]l;of,xªsª, ef/t, g]kfn, ci6«]lnof nufotsfd'n'ssf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ af]nfOg]5 .;Dd]ngdf Ogk|mf:6«Sr/ 8]enkd]G6,Sofkfl;6L lalN8ª, sg]S6]le6L, ;]So'l/6L,kf]lnl;h, l8lh6 l8efO;]h zLif{sdfcjwf/0ffkq k|:t't x'g]5g\ .

;Dd]ng ;+of]hs dxf;lrjkGtsf cg';f/ ;Dd]ngdf gLlt–lgdf{tf, lzIffljb\, ljleGg ;+3–;+:yfsf sfo{sf/L k|d'v, pBdL, ;"rgfk | ljlw ;Da4 k|ltlglwx¿sf ];xeflutf x'g]5 . ;Dd]ngdf O{–sd;{, O{–ue{g]G;, O{– d]l8l;g, O“–;le{;]h, O{–nlg{ª, O{–¿kL, O{–l;l6hg ljifodf klg 5nkmnx'g]5 . ;Dd]ngsf k|d'v cfsif{0fP;f]l;of]sf cWoIf czfª\s b];fOx'g]5g\ . o;k6ssf] OGkmf]6]scjnf]sg ug]{ bz{ssf] ;+Vof tLgnfv k'Ug] cfzf lnOPsf] ;+of]hspkfWofon] ;fKtflxsnfO{ atfP .

t:j

L/ M g

j/fh j

fUn]

Page 8: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006km';{b *lulgh a's ckm jN8{ /]s8{\;af6

tn lbOPsf] lrqdf ^ j6f km/s 5'6\ofpm

km/s–sfg, d'vf}8fsf] cf“vf, kfOG6, xft, d'v, skfn .

n's]sf ;dfgx¿ M snd, lstfa, sDKo'6/, d}gaQL, rSs' .

tn lbOPsf] lrqdf slt ;dfgx¿ n's]sf 5g\ < ;fKtflxs c+shfn k|ltof]lutf–(@

!= ;“u} lbOPsf] !^ j6fsf]7fx¿df (! b]lv !)^;Ddsf c+sx¿ gbf]xf]l/g]u/L o;/L e/, h;af6ltgLx¿sf] of]ukmn 7f8f],t];|f], 58\s] h;/L hf]8\bfklg #($ xf];\ .

@= c+shfn ;fKtflxssf]sfof {nodf k|sflztePsf] ldltn] b'O{ ;ftfleqk7fO;Sg'kg]{5 .

#= ljh]tfnfO{ @ ;o ?k}of“k'/:sf/ lbOg]5 .

c+shfn *( df ;xefuLx¿sf] ;+Vof M @%%uf]nfk|yfaf6 ljh]tf MgL/fhg d}gfnL, sIff–!), >L df=lj=, b'lwcjf, /f}tx6

P d P d ;L 8 z lQm P

/] cf P b cf / ;L 6L d

z ef] g o' h] ;f u / kL

nL s} cf s jf is g' n ;L

/L sf] / ; O{ if 6f d ;L

P lt 6L kf ;L o' s z" s

kL d] x a' a u / g wL

P P y|L :6f / n rf n /]

km gf] b /L n' Daf ;+ s 6f

dfly lbOPsf cIf/x¿df g]kfnsf cf7 k|d'v km'6an v]Ng] Snasfgfd n's]sf 5g\ . tL gfdx¿ ;fob ltdLn] klg ;'g]]sf] x'g'k5{ . s]ltdL tL gfdx¿ vf]Hg ;S5f} <

n's]sf gfdx¿ M PdPd;L, PdkL;L, PkLPkm, ;+s6f, Pgcf/6L,cf/;L6L, ly|:6f/, h]jfO{;L .

gfd M ====================================sIff M =====

:s'n M = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

7]ufgf M = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

;fKtflxs zAb hfn

t[KtL j:tfsf]6L@)^) d+l;/ @$

Pn]S; åf/]@)^! d+l;/ @@

o'ldif lg/f}nf@)%( d+l;/ @@

gjLg bfxfn@)%% d+l;/ @^

lnrf u'?ª@)%& d+l;/ @%

;'hn >]i7@)^! d+l;/ @@

Cife ?kfv]tL@)%( d+l;/ @@

;+ud clwsf/L@)%^ d+l;/ @&

;u'g s];L@)^) d+l;/ @$

;+>o cf]emf@)%* d+l;/ @#

lk|o+sf dxt@)%^ d+l;/ @^

c+lst k|wfg@)%$ d+l;/ @*

cfo{g cfrfo{@)%& d+l;/ @$

;'wf IF]qL@)%( d+l;/ @&

cleif]s cfrfo{@)^) d+l;/ @$

/f]lgsf dNn@)%( d+l;/ @@

s' k

gs

' k g

s' k

gs

' k g

s' k

g gfd M==================================================

hGd ldlt M==================================================

:s'n M========================================

7]ufgf M ========================================

tl:a/ / ljj/0f b'O{ ;ftfcufl8 cfOk'Ug'kg]{5.

tl:a/

clgjfo{

hGdlbgsf] z'esfdgf

km6\of+u|fsf] jiff{ # hgj/L !(@$

:jL8]gdf sL/f–km6\of+u|fsf]jiff{ ePsf] lyof] . To:t} @hgj/L !((@ df ;+o'Qm /fHocd]l/sfsf] OlG8ofgf /fHosf]lSnk6g ;x/df e';'gfh:t}sL/f al;{Psf lyP .

w]/} PkmPd :6];g

;+;f/df ;a}eGbf w]/}PkmPd /]l8of] :6];g ePsf]d'n's cd]l/sf xf] . lulg;a's ckm jN8{ /]s8{\;cg';f/cd]l/sfdf * xhf/ ( ;o^! PkmPd /]l8of] :6];g 5g\ .

6]lnlehgsf bz{s

hfgsf/L;+;f/df ;a}eGbf w]/}

6]lnlehg x]g]{] gful/sx¿sf]d'n's cd]l/sf xf] . lulg;a's ckm jN8{ /]s8{\;cg';f/cd]l/sfsf k|To]s gful/sn]b } lgs cf };t ^ 306f6]lnlehg x]5{g\ .

a9L ko{6s

w]/} kf08'lnlk

;+;f/df ;a}eGbf a9Lko{6s cfslif{t ug]{ :df/sO6fnLsf] lk;fl:yt em's]sf]w/x/f xf] . lulg; a's ckmjN8{ /]s8{ \;cg';f/ pStw/x/f x]g{ k|To]s lbg !^xhf/ dflg; lk;f k'U5g\ .

;+;f/df ;a}eGbf w]/}kf08'lnlk ;+sng ug]{ d 'n 'srLg xf ] . lulg; a's ckmj N 8 { / ] s 8 { \ ; c g ' ; f /rLgdf ;+slnt kf08'lnlksf];+Vof ̂ ( nfv eGbf a9L 5 .

w]/} ko{6s h]nL df5fsf] jiff{;g\ !(#% cS6'a/ !$ sf

lbg c:6«]lnofsf s]xL efudfkfgL;“u} …h]nLÚ gfds df5fsf]jiff{n] Toxf“sf ;8s tyf 5t6Dd} el/Psf] lyof] . oL df5f/fte/ lhp“b} /x] klg 3fdnfu]kl5 d/]sf lyP .

ed/fsf] jiff{;g\ !(%* tyf !(^@ df

dWo–Oª\NofG8sf] klZrdL t6dfe“j/fsf] jiff{ ePsf] lyof] .

u“u6fsf] jiff{;g \ !(%% df

cNh ] l /o fsf ] / fhwfgLclNho; {df k fgL; “u }z+v]sL/f klg al;{Psf lyP .To;}u/L clNho;{d} ;g\!((! dO{ @( df s}of} +l SjG6n z +v ]sL/f tyfu“u6fsf] jiff{ ePsf] lyof] .

ljZjdf k/df0f' c:qpQ/ sf]l/ofn] k/df0f'

c:qsf] ;kmn k/LIf0f u/]kl5ljZjdf k/df0f ' xltof/ePsf d'n'ssf] ;+Vof *k'u]sf] 5 . k/df0f' xltof/ePsf d'n'sdf cd]l/sf, ¿;,a]nfot, k|mfG;, rLg, ef/t,kfls:tfg tyf pQ/ sf]l/of

5g\ . ;g\ !(() sf] bzssf];'?;Dd cf0fljs c:q ;DkGgd'n'ssf] ;"rLdf cd]l/sf,¿;, a]nfot, k|mfG; / rLgdfq lyP . ljZjdf klxnf]k6s c0f'adsf] k|of]u ;+o'Qm/fHo cd]l/sfn] u/]sf] lyof] .;g\ !($% sf] cu:6df

hfkfgsf ] lx/f ] l;df /gfufzfsLdf v;flnPsf]c0f'adaf6 @ nfv !) xhf/dflg;sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .cflwsfl/s ¿kdf k/df0f'c:q cfkm";“u ePsf] :jLsf/ug]{ klxnf] kf“r /fi6«nfO{ ;+o'Qm/fi6«;+3Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifb\df :yfoL;b:otfsf ;fy} ljif]z clwsf/-le6f]_ k|fKt 5 .

;+;f/df ;a}eGbf w]/}ko{6s leœofpg] d'n's :k]gxf] . lulg; a's ckm jN8{/]s8{\;cg';f/ :k]gdf x/]s jif{% s/f]8eGbf a9L ko{6scfp“5g\ .

Page 9: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006 (

z'qmaf/, d+l;/ @@, @)^#

/fh' ag] lgb]{zs

!% jif{eGbf cl3sf] s'/f xf] .clxn]sf rnlrq lgdf{tf /fh]Gb| zfxcyf{t\ g[To lgb]{zs /fh' zfx d'DaO{dfg[To tyf rnlrq ;Dkfbgsf] k|lzIf0fln“b} lyP . Tolta]nf alnp8sfcleg]tf tyf lgdf{tf lkm/f]h vfgrnlrq …onuf/Ú agfpg] tof/L ub}{lyP . pgL gf}nf]kg lbg ;Sg] g[Tolgb]{zssf] vf]hLdf lyP . stf–stfaf6 Tof] k|:tfj /fh'nfO{ cfof],t/ pgn] cf“6 gePsf sf/0f pQmk|:tfj :jLsf/ ug{ ;s]gg\ . clxn]

slnp8df g[To lgb]{zssf ¿kdfpgn] y'k|} gfos, gflosf tyfsnfsf/ hGdfO;s]sf 5g\ .lgdf{tfsf ¿kdf pgn] tLgj6fJofj;flos ¿kdf ;kmn rnlrqlgdf{0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ . rnlrq…d':sfgÚs} a]nfdf /fh'sf snfsf/r]nfr]nLx¿n] pQm rnlrq lgb]{zgug{] ;Nnfx lbPsf lyP, pgn] …kl5u/f}+nfÚ eg]/ 6fl/lbP . To;kl5rnlrq …VofnVofn}dfÚsf] lgb]{zgklg pgn] u/]gg\ . ;ft hgfgflosfnfO{ lnOPsf] rnlrq…OGb|]0fLÚsf] lgb]{zg t unf{g\ lseGg] lyof], Tof] klg u/]gg\ .Pp6f s'zn rnlrq ;Dkfbss'zn lgb] ] {zs x'g ;S5 eGg]sygnfO{ a'em]sf lxt}ifLx¿n] y'k|}g]kfnL rnlrqsf] ;Dkfbg ul/;s]sf/fh'nfO{ km]l/ lgb]{zs aGg s/ u/] .cGttM ca pgL lgb]{zs aGb}5g\ .cfkm\g} nufgLsf] rnlrq …;kgfsf]gf}nf] ;+;f/Úsf] lgb]{zg pgL cfkm}+n]ul//x]sf 5g\ . /fh'sf] egfO 5–…g]kfnL rnlrqdf s]xL ePgeGg]x¿nfO{ hjfkm lbg of] rnlrqsf]^) k|ltzt 5fofª\sg o'/f]kdf u/]/ev{/} g]kfn kmls{Psf] 5' .Ú

d'Vo kf7s;ft ;d'b|kfl/sf s]xL b]zn]

rnlrq dxf]T;jsf nflu cfkm\gf]

rnlrqsf] dfu u/]kl5 lgdf{tftyf lgb]{zs s]kL kf7s dVv5g \ . k f7s eG5g \ – …Psbh{geGbf a9L b]zsf km]l:6andfd]/f rnlrq dfluPsf 5g\ .Údxf]T;jdf dfu ePsf] kf7ssf]rnlrq xf]– ;'?jft . lel8of]rnlrq ;'?jft 5'jf5"t / dflg;n]dflg;dfly ug]{ lje]bdf cfwfl/tePsf] kf7s atfp“5g\ .

tkfO{+ lgdf{tf, lgb]{zs /x]sf];'?jftsf] dfu sxf“–sxf“af6 eof]t < kf7s a]lnla:tf/ nufpg

lgb]{zs ;kmn ePsf 5g\ eg]lglvnsf] ;fy kfP/ klg c;kmnx'g]x¿ x'“b} gePsf klg xf]Ogg\ .

snfsf/sf ] hLjgz }nLjf:tjdf chLjsf] x'G5 eGg] s'/fev{/} lglvnn] cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ .c¿sf nflu x6s]s ;fljt lglvncfºg} sfddf c;kmn x' “bfg/dfOnf] nfUg' :jfefljs xf] .a ] / f ] hu f / o ' j f x¿s f ];d:ofdfly s]lGb |t rnlrq…;fjwfgÚ agfPsf lglvnn]

pQm rnlrqaf6 ck]lIft nfe lng;s]gg\ . g]kfnL rnlrqsf] t'ngfdf…;fjwfgÚ nfO{ g/fd|f ] eGg] 7fp“5}g . /fd|f ] eP/ kf] s] ug' {,bz {sn] g?rfOlbPkl5 o:t }x ' “ b f ] /x ]5 . cfkm } +n ] nu f g Lu/ ]sf ] dxŒjfsf +If L rnlrqn];f ]r ]hlt Jofkf/ ug{ g;s]kl5cfkm\gf] /fd|f ] sfdsf] gfkmfhltc¿s} efudf kg]{ u/]sf] cg'ejlglvnn] u/]sf 5g\, t/ klg pgn]x/]z eg] vfPsf 5}gg\ .

rrf{ g]kfnL tf/f– @ sf]lzj zdf{

kf]v/f– …o; k6s t 5flgg]s'/fdf 9'Ss lyP“, t/ v} s] eof]aflxl/P“,Ú ;LdkfgL kf]v/fsf g]qxLgs]zj ;'j]bL ;fKtflxs;“u u'gf;f]kf]Vb} lyP . g]kfnL tf/fsf] kf]v/fcl8;gsf nflu uLt ufpg cfPsf;'j]bL lg0ff{osx¿ gh/df gk/]kl5PsfPs efj's ag] . pgL ut jif{klg kf]v/f cl8;gdf efu lnP/aflxl/Psf lyP . ;'j]bLh:t} g]kfntf/fsf] 5gf}6df kg{ rfxg]x¿sf]efUosf] k/LIff ;'? ePsf] 5 .kf]v/]nL sfG5f wd]{Gb| ;]jfg g]kfnLtf/fsf km:6 /g/ck x'g\ . wd]{Gb|eG5g\– …o; k6ssf] g]kfn tf/fsf]pkflw kf]v/]nL k|ltefn] lhTg]s'/fdf d ljZj:t 5' .Ú kf]v/f–!%lzjdlGb/ rf]ssL lg? yfkfkf]v/faf6 5gf}6df k/]sL l5g\ .aLaLPsL ljBfyL{ yfkf kf]v/fdfufogdf /fd|f] k|ltefsf ¿kdflrlglG5g\ . pgL ;+uLt k|lzIf0fs]Gb|sL ljBfyL{ klg x'g\ . kf]v/faf6}5flgPsf csf{ k|ltef wd{/fh u'?ªklg unf / snfsf wgL dflgG5g\ .

g]kfn tf/f aGgsf nflukf ]v/]nL k|ltef;“u} b ]ze/sfk|ltefjfg\ tGg]/Lx¿ h'd{/fPsf5g\ . xhf/f}+sf] ;xeflutf /x] klgzLif{ pkflw eg] Pp6fs} xftdfkg]{5 . b;f}+ :yfg;Dd cfpg]x¿sf]rrf{;Dd rN5 . clxn] g]kfnLtf/fsf nflu w/fg, gf/fo0fu9,g]kfnuGh, a'6jn x'“b} kf]v/fdf klgcl8;g k"/f e};s]sf] 5 . k|To]s;x/df k|lt:kwL{x¿sf] ;xeflutf/fd|f] kfof}+ . g]kfnL tf/f sfo{qmdsflgb]]{zs /fh]Gb| ;ne eG5g\– …g]kfnLtf/f aGg] rfxg]x¿sf] xf]8afhLa9\bf] 5 .Ú ToxL eP/ t o;k6s

ut jif{sf] eGbf klg s8f k|lt:kwf{x 'g ]5 . c¿ ;x/h:t} kf ]v/fcl8;gaf6 klg @) hgf g]kfnLtf/fsf nflu 5flgPsf 5g\ . kf]v/fcl8;gsf nflu sl/a * ;on]k|lt:kwf{ u/]sf lyP .

g]kfnL uLt–;+uLtdf nfUgrfxg]x¿sf nflu o;n] cj;/sf]9 f ]sf klg p3fg ] { x 'g fn ];+uLtk|]dLx¿ otf tflgPsf 5g\ .To;f] t gfd;“u} bfd klg sdfpgrfxg] o'jfo'jtLx¿nfO{ g]kfnLtf/fn] af6f] b]vfOlbPsf] 5 .n]s;fO8 kf]v/fsL !# jifL{of k"hfyfkfsf] wf]sf] o; k6s cw'/} /x\of] .lg0f { fosx¿n] alxgLsf] ofqfoxf“;Dd dfq eg]kl5 pgL kf]v/fcl8;gaf6 aflxl/g\ . km]l/–km]l/ klgcfpnf lg df}sf, pgn] ;fKtflxs;“uelgg\ . olta]nf b]ze/af6 g]kfnLtf/fsf nflu k|lt:kwL{x¿ gof“ hf];/ pT;fxsf ;fy xf]ldPsf 5g\ .x/]s bz{sdf rf;f] 5— o;jif{s;sf] xftdf hfnf g]kfnL tf/fsf]pkflw < To;sf nflu cf7 dlxgfnfdf] k|tLIff ug'{kg]{ x'G5– g]kfnL

tf/fsf sfo{qmd ;~rfns ah|]zvgfnn] atfP .

:6f/ jN8{ Rofgnn] cd]l/sgcfO8nsf] k|;f/0f k|f/De ubf{ clwsf+zbz{s To;af6 Tolt kl/lrt lyPgg\,t/ ha ;f]gL OG6/6]gd]G6 Rofgnaf6OlG8og cfO8nsf] k|;f/0f eof] To;sf]k|efj g]kfnL bz{s;Dd cfOk'Uof] .

g]kfnL tf/fnfO{ OlG8ogcfO8nsf] gSsn eGg]x¿sf] klgs'g} sdL ePg oBlk g]kfnL tf/fsflgb]{zs /fh]Gb| ;ne eGg]x¿sf]kl5 bf}8g rfx“b}gg\ . w]/} klxn]g]kfn 6]lnlehgdf k|ltefsf] 8anLeGg] sfo{qmd k|;f/0f x'GYof], To;sf]a[xt\ ¿k g} g]kfnL tf/f xf], zneeG5g\– n's]sf] k|ltef 5fGg] Kn]6kmd{xf] g]kfnL tf/f . ToxL eP/ t /x/sf¿kdf klg ;–;fgf afnaflnsfb]lv^) s6]sf kfsfx¿n] klg df]km;nsf;x/x¿df cfk\mgf] ;xeflutfhgfP . oBlk k|f/lDes r/0fdftGg]/L–t?gLx¿ dfq 5flgPsf5g\ . k'; dlxgfsf] bf];|f] ;ftfb]lvg]kfnL bz{sx¿n] 6]lnlehgdf g]kfnLtf/fsf] k|ToIf k|;f/0f x]g{ kfpg]5g\ .

tl:a/

M ;+ho z

fSo

yfN5g\– a]nfotsf] /]G8fg rnlrqdxf ] T;j, OlhK6sf ] sfo/f ]cGt/f{li6«o rnlrq dxf]T;jnufothfkfg, ;fOk|;, cd]l/sf cflb b]zdfx'g] rnlrq dxf]T;j 5g\ . kf7ssfcg';f/ /]G8fg rnlrq dxf]T;jdf;'?jftsf] k|bz{g ePkl5 To;sf]ljifo dg k/fP/ pgLx¿n] dfUgyfn] . kf7s eG5g\– /]G8fg rnlrqdxf]T;jdf ;+;f/sf rf/ xhf/rnlrqn] k|lt:kwf{ u/]sf lyP .tLdWo] ;'?jft pTs[i6 gAa]df kg{;kmn eof] . pgsf] u'gf;f] klg5– sltko dxf]T;jdf k|lt:kwf{ug{rflx“ #% PdPddf lvRg}kg]{/x]5 . hgcfGbf]ng efu–@ df ;lqmo;xefuL kf7s Pp6f qmflGtsf/Lrnlrqsf] tof/Ldf 5g\ .

gfkmfhlt c¿nfO{w]/} lgdf{tf÷lgb]{zsn] cfºgf]

rnlrq lx6 agfpg lglvnpk| ]tLnfO{ clego u/fp“5g\ .lglvn clegLt clwsf+z rnlrqn]/fd|} Jofkf/ u/]sf 5g\ . sltkornlrqsf lgdf{tf t lglvns}sf/0f dfnfdfn klg ePsf 5g\ .clxn] klg lgdf{tf, ljt/s tyfxnjfnfsf nflu lglvn g} km]j/]6snfsf/ x'g\ . PS;gsf b[Zodflgb]{zseGbf klg 1ftf dflgg]lglvns} ;Nnfx dfg]sf sltko

Page 10: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006dgf]/~hg !)dnfO{ ;a}eGbf dgkg]{ k];f jsfnt xf] . d :s'ndf 5“bf

klg jlsn aG5' eGy]+ t/ rnlrqdf clego ug]{ gflosfaGg'kg]{ /x]5 . cfkm\gf] afx]s csf]{ k];f dg k/fpg'kbf{ djsfntnfO{ g} 5fG5' .

— ;l~rtf n'O“6]n -gflosf_dnfO{ ;fg}b]lv v]ns'bk|lt ?lr lyof] . km'6an dnfO{

dgkg]{ v]n xf] . :s'n tyf sn]h k9\bf d cfkm}+ klg km'6an v]Ny]+t/ ufogrflx+ d]/f] k];f aGg k'Uof] . cfkm\gf] afx]s csf]{ k];f/f]Hg'kbf{ d km'6annfO{ g} /f]H5' .

— pb]z >]i7 -kk ufos_d k];fn] ufos, ;+uLtsf/ tyf ;+uLt

k|lzIfs eP klg d]/f] dg ;flxlTos 5 . k|foMofqf ;+:d/0fx¿ k9\g tyf n]Vg dg k/fp“5' .To;}n] olb dnfO{ cfkm\gf] afx]s csf]{ k];f/f]Hg elgof] eg] d ;flxTonfO{ g} /f]H5' .

— t'n;L k/fh'nL -nf]sufos_clego If]qdf ;lqmo eP klg

dnfO{ dg kg]{ csf]{ k];f ;fdflhs;]jf xf] . clego If]qdf cfpg'cl3kj{t lhNnfdf d ;fdflhs sfo{d}Jo:t lyP“ . To;}n] clegokl5 csf]{s 'g } k ]zf /f ]Hg'k¥of ] eg] d;dfh;]jfnfO{ g} /f]H5' .

—;'/h cf/8L -rnlrq gfos_dnfO{ dg kg]{ csf]{ k];f

kqsfl/tf klg xf] . To;f] td cfkm}+ klg ldl8ofdf 5' t/lel8of] hSsL ug' {eGbfkqsfl/tf u/]/ l/kf]l6{ªug'{df cfkm\g} k |sf/sf]r'gf}tLsf ;fy} /dfOnf]x ' G5 eGg ] d ] / f ]wf/0ff 5 .

— ;+uLtf >]i7-lel8of] hSsL_

ukm} t xf]

knfpgg;s]sL

d'gf

gflosf d'gf sfsL{n] k|sfz ;fodLlgb]{lzt /fgLvf]nfdf clego ubf{tfsf w]/}n]cg'dfg u/]sf lyP– csL{ Pp6L /fd|Lgflosfsf] cfudg eof], oBlk /fgLvf]nfsf]Jofj;flos c;kmntf;“u} pgsf] sl/c/ klgqmdzM 8'Ab} uof] . clxn] t pgnfO{ clegou/fpg] lgb]{zs g} e]l6+b}gg\ .

cfdgflosfsf] t'ngfdf d'gfdf vf]6nufOxfNg'kg]{ To:tf] s]xL klg 5}g .clego 7Ls} ul5{g\, g[To klg /fd|f] 5 .;f}Gbo{ klg sd 5}g . /fgLvf]nfkl5 pgn]klg j/–kLkn, tfn h:tf /fd|} Aofg/sfrnlrqdf sfd u/]sL lyOg\ . pgn] clegou/]sf dWo] s]xL rnlrq t lx6 klg ePsfx'g\ t/ d'gf eg] lsg cf]OnfOg\ <

d'gfeGbf h'lgo/ glGbtf s];L, /f]lhgf pk|]tL,;l~rtf n'O“6]n cflb clxn] klg rrf{df 5g\ .gjf]lbtx¿sf] sfdsf] r6f/f] klg a9\b}5, st}d'gfsf] cfkm\g} lgliqmotfn] t of] l:ylt tcfPsf] xf]Og < kl5Nnf] k6s Zofd e§/fO{lgb]{lzt 6]nLrnlrq b'O{ yf]kf cf“;'dfclego u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ la;{g vf]Hg]bz{snfO{ ;Demfpg] k|oTg u/] klg pgn]bz{ssf] jfx–jfx kfpg] Tolt ;Defjgfeg] 5}g . h] xf];\, d'gfn] l;l/onaf6eP klg d x/fPsL 5}g eGg] ;Gb]z;DdlbPsL l5g\ .

tl:j

/ M s

dn >

]i7

tl:j

/ M kl/r

o 86

sd

/fhwfgLdf ;f+uLlts sfo{qmdsf] w"d/fhwfgLdf cfof]hgf x'g]

;f+uLlts sfo{qmdx¿df /dfpg];+uLtk|]dLsf nflu uPsf] ;ftf;'vb /x\of] . /fhwfgLsf] 7d]nl:yt…tGqÚ df hxf“ !(&$ P=8L=sflkm/f]h :ofª\b]gn] cfkm\gf] ;'dw'/;+uLtn] tGqsf] jftfj/0fnfO{;+uLtdo agfO/x]sf lyP ToxL+ef/tLo kk :6f/ cfs[lt ss/ /8Lh] sf/nf]6f Nofsdo;n] ofsPG8 olt xf]6ndf ;f+uLlts hfb'5b}{ lyP . l/bd gfO6\; zLif{sdf;"o{ nfO6\;n] k|:t't u/]sf] pQmjftfj/0fdf /Dg /flt cf7 gaHb};+uLt kf/vLx¿ sfo{qmd k|:t'tx'g] :yfgdf e]nf e};s]sf lyP .d+l;/sf] hf8f]nfO{ la;f{p“b} ef/tLo8Lh] sf/nf]6f tyf g]kfnL 8Lh];fhn] ljleGg g]kfnL lxGbL 8fG;gDa/df pkl:yt ;a}nfO{ jfd{ cku/fp“b} sfo{qmdnfO{ cl3 a9fPsflyP . emG8} ;f9] b; ah]lt/ cfs[ltb]vf kl/g\, clg k|f/De eof] pgsf];'dw'/ :j/df ljleGg alnp8gDa/x¿sf ] k |tIf ;f +uLltshDsfe]6 . dfl/of Sof/]sf] …lx/f]Úb]lv ;flgof 6\j]gsf] …o' cf/ l:6nb jg====Ú ;Ddsf uLtafx]s cfs[ltn]cfkm\gf rlr{t l/ldS; gDa/x¿ …/+uLnf/]===== dfO nj km/ o'===Ú sf cltl/Qm…5d ;] jf] cf hfP, ;nfd gd:t],sh/f /]Ú cflb uLt ;'gfP/ pkl:yt;a}nfO{ grfOg\ .

:jfb Pj+ ;+uLtsf kf/vLx¿sfnflu ut zlgaf/ gof“ afg]Zj/l:ytcGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng s]Gb|sf] k|fª\u0f;'ud uGtJo aGof] . cGt/f{li6«o km'8km]:6 @))^ sf qmddf g]kfn, rLg,

ef/t, hfkfg, cd]l/sf, d]lS;sf],hd{gL cflb !& d'n'ssf ljleGgbh{gf} + :jflbnf kl/sf/ Pp6}5fgfd'lg pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] .O6fnLog lkHhfb]lv a]nfotL /f]:6]8lrs]g;Dd, e'6fgL sf]Daf]b]lvrfOlgh sf]gf]Ol;of;Dd, lj/ofgL,

safj, ;fN;fnufot cfkm\g} g]kfnL–g]jf/L kl/sf/;Ddsf ljleGg :jfbn]km'8 km]:6df pkl:yt x/]ssf]lha|f]nfO{ gof“–gof“ ld7f; k|bfgul//x]sf] lyof] . k]6 t el/of] t/dg el/Pg eGg ] cfgGbsf ]cg'e"lt;“u} hxf“ ljleGg /dfOnf

v]nx¿n] Psflt/ dg axnfO/x]sf]lyof] ToxL+ /f]h df]Qmfg, lbJo ;'Aaf,l;g] u'?ª, Dof8 hf]g, g]k;fO8;{,PS;–dGq, ;fpG8 s]d]:6«L, qf;, lhK;LrfON8, Hjfnfnuotsf ;+uLtsdL{n]d]nf]8L, ;]lG6d]G6n, ¥ofDk, lxkxk,/s, x]eL d]6n cflb ;a} k|sf/sf ;+uLtk|:t't u/]/ :jfbdf /dfO/x]sfx¿df;+uLtsf] g;f yk]sf lyP .

o; }u/L zlgaf/s } lbg7d]nl:yt lhPP xn klg 8«d, Aof;,l/bd, ln8 lutf/sf] ;f+uLltstfndf em'd]sf] lyof] . s];LPdsn]hn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] OG6/sn]hDo'lhs slDkl6;gdf lhPP xndf!! ljleGg sn]hsf ;f+uLlts ;d"xn]k|lt:kwf{ u/]sf lyP, h;dWo] b;xhf/ gub k'/:sf/;lxt o'lgssn]hn] pTs[i6 ;f+uLlts ;d"xsf]pkflw xft kf¥of] . s]o' tyf h]leP/Ps]8]dL qmdzM bf];|f / t];|f eP .;f]xL k|lt:kwf{df o'lgs sn]hsfljho dxh{g a]:6 ef]sln:6, x\jfO6xfp;sf ;'jf]w df]Qmfg a]:6 Jof;lutfl/i6, sf7df8f}+ o'lgel;{6Lsfk|ldy'; v8\sf a]:6 ln8 lutfl/i6tyf sf7df8f}+ o'lgel;{6Ls} k|HHjna:g]t a]:6 8«d/sf ¿kdf 5flgPsflyP . OG6/sn ]h Do ' lhsk|lt:kwf{sf cltl/Qm pQm sfo{qmddfe " ld, df ] /u7, tyf n:6cAnLleogh:tf /s ;d"xn] klg cf–cfkm\gf] k|:t'lt lbPsf lyP .

;+uLtsf] tfndf pk|mg, em'Dg/ gfRg ?rfpg ]x¿sf nf luzlgaf/sf lbg g} 7d]nl:ytPkm6LeL af/ klg /fd|f] uGtJo ag]sf]lyof ] . ;LPgPg km ];g 6rn]

kf]v/fdf w'd dRrfOg\ cfs[ltn]lzj zdf{

kf]v/f– /ftsf] lr;f] a9\b} lyof] .cfuGt'sx¿ Gofgf ]kgsf ] cg'ej ug{xtfl/Psf lyP . ;f+lu|nf xf]6nsf] kl/;/df;f “em ;ft ah]b ] lv g} eL8ef8 x'gyfln;s]sf] lyof] . :jLldªk'nglhs} k[i7e"lddf;+uLtsf] w'g alh/x]sf] lyof] . :6]hcufl8nx/} 6]an / s';L{df dgf]/~hgkf/vLx¿ a;]/dlb/fsf] tntn d]6\b} lyP . sf]xLrflx+ cfsfzg} 9flsg] u/L r'/f]6sf] w"jf“ p8fO/x]sf lyP .jftfj/0f s]xL /+uLg aGb} uPsf] lyof] .

/ftsf] kf}g] cf7 ah] UNofd/; n'S;dfcUnL sbsL ef/tLo o'jtL b]vf kl/g\, ;a}n]k// tfnL k8\sfP . ca w]/}nfO{ cg'dfgnufpg d'l:sn ePg, pgL ef/tLo uflosftyf df]8n cfs[lt lyOg\ . x]Nnf] kf]v/fsf];Daf]wg;“u} pgn] cfk\mgf] klxnf] gDa/ …xd;]tf ] cf hfo ] +u ] Ú k | :t 't ug { nfUbfdgf]/~hgkf/vLx¿ Ps;fy lrRofP xfO{ cfs[lt . clg t s] rflxof] / † cfs[ltklg dlRrxflng\ . sfnf] 6fO6 lhG; tyf e'jfbf/ Hofs]6df k|:t't ePsLcfs[lt lgs} ;]S;L b]lvPsL lyOg\ .

pgn] ufPsf ;a} uLt lxhf]cfhsf] 8fG;kf6L{nfO{ /gSs kfg]{uLtx¿ g} lyP . sl/a cfs[ltn] b'O{ 3G6f gg :6k uLt ufP/ kf]v/]nLdgf]/~hg kf/vLx¿nfO{ cfkm";“u} em'dfPsL lyOg\ . pgsf] k|:t'lt;lsPnuQ} 8fG; kf/vLx¿sf] wLt dfg{ ef/taf6} cfPsL l8h]Sof/f]nf]6fn] g]kfnL, lxGbL tyf cu|]hL l/ldS; uLt ahfp“b} hf8f]/ftnfO{ cem ttfOg\ . l8h] ;];gdf o'jfo'jtLx¿ Ps–csf{sf] s'dhf]8]/ uLtsf] tfndf dlRrg yfn] . /flt sl/a P3f/ ah];Dd hd]sf]pQm sfo{qmdn] kf]v/]nLx¿nfO{ leGb} dgf]/~hg lbPsf] lyof] .

ufhfd]G6 ljy ;'k/ df ]8N;zLif{sdf k|fof]hgf u/]sf] pQm km];gkf6L{df ;xefuL x'g]x¿ lbp“;f] b'O{ah]b]lv g} 8fG; k\mnf]/df em'lDdgyfn]sf lyP . lbp“;f]sf] pHofnf]d}cf/De eP/ lr;f] /ft l5rf]Nb}cl3 a9]sf] pQm 8fG; kf6L{n] g]kfnL,lxGbL, c+u|]hL ;a} vfn] 8fG;gDa/df pkl:yt ;a }nfO {gyfs'Gh]n;Dd grfPsf] lyof] .

–/f]lhg zfSo

Pkm l6eLdf ;LPgPg;fKtflxs ;dfrf/

sf7df8f} +– zLif {s k9\bfcrDd nfUg ;S5, Pkml6eL cyf{t\km];g 6]lnlehg Rofgndf stfaf6;dfrf/ Rofgn ;LPgPg cfof]eg]/ . of] 36gf ljb]zdf st}g36 ]/ g ]k fndf , Tof ] k lg/fhwfgLsf] ko{6sLo If]q 7d]ndfePsf] xf] . ut zlgaf/ lbp“;f]Ps ah]kl5 Toxf“ Pkml6eLdf;LPgPgsf] xfnL–d'xfnL lyof] .7d]ndf ljut s]xL dlxgfotfb]lv;~rfngdf cfPsf] km];g af/…Pkml6eLÚ df ljutdf ld;OG6/g];gn g]kfnh:tf bh{ghltsfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/;s]sf]df]8lnª Ph]G;L …;LPgPg km];g6rÚ n] Pp6f km];g kf6L{sf]cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . Ps ah]b]lvelgP klg sfo{qmddf tLg ah]kl5/f}gs 5fpg yfNof] . ;f“em ;ftah];Dd rn]sf] pQm …ufhfd]G6 ljy;'k/df]8nÚ zLif{ssf] km];g kf6L{dfb'O{ ;o hlt cfuGt's pkl:ytlyP h;df ;a}eGbf a9L df]8nx¿

g} ePsf] hfgsf/L cfof]hs ;~hos];Ln] u/fP . cfp“bf] s]xL dlxgfdfld:6/ PG8 ld; sLlt {k '/sf ]cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf] 8g kfj/ckm ldl8ofsf ;~rfns uug;xof]uLsf ¿kdf sfo{qmddfvl6Psf lyP eg] df]8n sl/Zdfu'?ª sfo{qmddf ;+of]hs eP/Pskl5 csf ] { …8fG; gDa/ÚahfO/x]sf l8h] lgsLnfO{ ;xof]uub}{ lyP . sfo{qmdsf] cGTodfcfuGt's df]8nx¿dWo]af6 jiff{nfdfn] a]:6 8«];, l;h{gf jfUn]n]a]:6 8fG; tyf k|Lltn] a]:6 x]o/:6fOnsf] k'/:sf/ lht] .

tkfO{+nfO{ cfkm\gf] afx]s csf]{s'g k]zf dgk5{ < lsg < s]jn Ps k|Zg

Page 11: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006dgf]/~hg !!lkmNdL–…d'gfdbgÚ ;fj{hlgs geP

klg pQm rnlrqsf lgb]{zs 1fg]Gb|b]phf eg] Jofj;flos rnlrqsf]lgb ] {zgdf Jo:t 5g\ . s]xL;ftfleq pgsf] lgb]{zgdf ag]sf]rnlrq …xfdL 6\ofS;L 8«fOe/Ú;fj{hlgs x' “b}5 . /fhwfgLsf6\ofS;L rfnsx¿sf] lbgrof{ /hLjgz }nLdf cfwf l/t pQmrnlrqdf /fh]z xdfn, /ldt9'+ufgf, t[lKt tf]tnfgL, /]vf yfkf,pd]z v8\sf, d's'Gb yfkf cflbsnfsf/n] clego u/]sf 5g\ eg]rnlrqsf lgdf{tf efg' dxh{g tyf

/Tg Bf}nf x'g\ .–lgdf{tf ;'zLn kf]v/]nsf]

nufgLdf lgdf{0f ePsf b'O{ rnlrqqmdzM …d}bfgÚ / …hLjgbftfÚ aflx/;fj{hlgs eP klg pkTosfsfbz{sx¿n] eg] x]g{ kfPsf 5}gg\ .o; } jif {sf ] df3÷kmfu 'glt/pkTosfsf rnlrq ejgx¿df tLb'O{ rnlrq kfn}kfnf] ;fj{hlgs ug]{t/v/df nfu]sf ;'zLn kf]v/]n xfncsf]{ gof“ …dN6L:6f//Ú rnlrq …holzj z+s/Úsf] lgdf{0fsf] yfngLdfh'6]sf 5g\ . dx]Gb| a"9fyf]sLsf]lgb]{zgdf ag]sf] …d}bfgÚdf /fh]zxdfn, lj/fh e§, /]vf yfkf, /fh]z9'+ufgf, h]gL s'“j/, pd]z v8\sf cflb5g\ eg] dbg l3ld/]sf] lgb]{zg/x]sf] …hLjgbftfÚdf /fh]z xdfn,

va/

/ldt 9'uf+gf, lj/fh e§, /fh]z9'+ufgf, em/gf yfkf, pd]z v8\sf,Ozfg /fpt cflb snfsf/n] clegou/]sf 5g\ . lgdf{0f x'g nfu]sf]rnlrq …ho lzj z+s/Údf /fh]zxdfn, lglvn pk|]tL tyf /fh]z9'+ufgfn] zLif{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{5g\ .

–bLks vf“8sf] lgb]{zgdflrtjgsf] k[i7e"lddf 5fofª\sgul/Psf] rnlrq …dfof gu/Úk|bz{gsf] ;“3f/df k'u]sf] 5 . lbnLk/fodfemL, /ldt 9'+ufgf, piff kf}8]n,glGbtf s];L, pd]z v8\sf cflbsnfsf/åf/f clegLt k|]dsyfTdsrnlrq …dfof gu/Ú sf] xfn ldlS;ªsfo{ e}/x]sf] 5 . df3 dlxgftfsf;fj{hlgs x'g] of] rnlrq uPsf]jif{b]lv lgdf{0fsf] qmddf 5 .

neu'? /]vf

d Pp6f o'jsnfO{ dg k/fp“5' . d}n] p;dIf s}og\ k6s k|]dk|:tfj/flv;s]+, t/ p;n] hlxn] klg clxn] xfd|f] k9\g] a]nf 5, k|]d ug]{ xf]Og eg]/6f¥of] . P;Pn;L pQL0f{ ePkl5 dfq} eGg] hjfkm p;n] lbof] . d eg]pmafx]s c¿sf] sNkgf;Dd ug{ ;lSbg“ . pm clxn] !* jif{sf] 5 / d pmeGbfb'O{ dlxgf dfq sfG5L 5' . xfdL b'j} sIff !) df k9\b} 5f}+ . clxn] d hltp;sf] glhs hfG5', pm Tolt g} deGbf 6fl9Pem}+ nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . d}n] p;sf]dg lhTg / p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] agfpg s] ug'{ plrt xf]nf <

–ljlg=kqcg';f/ dnfO{ tkfO{+n] dg k/fPsf] o'jssf] s'/f 7Ls nfUof] .

clxn] P;Pn;Lsf] tof/Ldf Jo:t x'g'kg]{ a]nfdf k|]dsf] rSs/df kg'{eof]eg] tkfO+{n] cfkm\gf] k9fO t laufg'{x'G5 g}, ;fy} p;sf] klg k9fOlau|G5 . tkfO{+ …l6gPh/Ú a]nfdf x'g] …OGkm\ofr'P;gÚsf] l;sf/ x'g'ePsf]5 . p;n] Sofl/o/ agfO;s]kl5 k|]d ug]{ jf ljjfx ug]{ s'/f ;f]r]sf] x'g'k5{ .pm;“u glhs x'g a? Pp6f pkfo cjnDag ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . p;nfO{ k|]dLsf ¿kdfeGbf klg c;n ;fyLsf ¿kdf x]g]{ / pm;dIf ldqtfsf] k|:tfj /fVg] . tkfO{+x¿b'j} P;Pn;Lsf ljBfyL{ ePsfn] klg Ps–csf{nfO{ k9fOdf ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .Pp6f s'/f gla;{g'xf];\ ls k|]dsf] klxnf] v'8\lsnf ldqtf xf] .

kf7sx¿sf] k|]d lh1f;f Pj+ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ p2]Zon] xfdLn] of]:tDe ;'? u/]sf xf}+ . cfkm\gf k|]d;DaGwL ljleGg ;d:of xfdLnfO{ n]lvk7fpg'xf];\ .tL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ljleGg ljz]if1sf] /fo–;Nnfxcg'¿k gflosf /]vf yfkfn]vf]Hg] k|of; ug'{x'g]5 . of] :tDesf nflu s'g} z'Ns nfUg]5}g . cfkm\gf];d:of ;fKtflxssf] 7]ufgfdf k7fpg'xf]nf .

a'6jndf !(&$ P8La'6jn— b]zs} rlr{t tyf

ljb]zdf ;d]t Voflt sdfO;s]sf]!(&$ P8L AofG8 a'6jndf klxnf]k6s ;f+uLlts sfo{qmd k|:t't ug{ef]ln zlgaf/ oxf“ cfp“b}5 . o;If]qsf ;+uLtk|]dLsf] w]/} ;docl3b]lvsf] dfu k"/f ug{ b]zs}dx“uf] dflgg] AofG8nfO{ l8«DhdlN6ldl8ofn] cfof]hgf u/]sf]…Unfl8l6o/ !(&$ P8L nfOesG;6{Ú df ptfg{ nfluPsf] xf] .

ld; g]kfn ;'ul/sf s];Ln]pb\3f]if0f ug]{ pQm nfOe sG;6{dfPs bzs nfdf] ;f+uLlts ofqfdfa]Un} klxrfg agfO;s]sf] !(&$P8L JofG8sf snfsf/x¿ Pl8«gk|wfg, lkm/f]h :ofªb]g, lg/fsf/ofSy'Daf, dgf]h s];L tyf ;~ho>]i7 ;xefuL x'g]5g\ .

pQm nfOe sG;6{df !) xhf/;+uLtk|]dLsf] hd36 x'g] ck]Iffcfof]hsx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . ! ;o ?k}of“k|j]z z'Ns /flvPsf] pQm sfo{qmddf/fhwfgLaf6 NofOPsf] #) xhf/ jf6eGbfa9Lsf] ;fpG8 l;:6daf6 >f]tfn];f+uLlts dgf]/Ghg lng kfpg]5g\ .

Page 12: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006dgf]/~hg !$bf]xf]/Lsf]

dgf]/~hg;“u}

6f]k/fh zdf{a'6jn— c¿ a]nf ;s];Dd

w]/} z'Ns lnP/ 7fp“–7fp“df uLtufp“b} lx+8\g] afgL k/]sf /fli6«o:t/sf Vofltk|fKt snfsf/x¿n]o;k6s a'6jndf b'O{ lbg;DdlgMz'Ns uLt ufP/ nf]sbf]xf]/Lsfkf/vLx¿nfO{ kof{Kt dgf]/~hglbg'sf ;fy} snfsf/ lxt sf]ifdf7 "n } /sd hDdf u/fOlbP/k|z+;gLo sfo{ u/] . /fli6«o nf]styf bf ]xf ]/L uLt k | lti7fg,¿kGb]xLn] snfsf/ lxt sf]if:yfkgfy{ /fhwfgLaflx/ klxnf]k6s cfof]hgf u/]sf] ljljw;f+:s[lts sfo{qmddf jl/i7 bf]xf]/Lufos gf/fo0f /fodfemL, k'?iff]Qd

;fksf]6f, s[i0f b]jsf]6f, b'uf{/fodfemL tyf rlr{t nf]skkufos /fdrGb| sfkm\n] nufotn]cfkm\gf] k|:t'ltdfkm{t a'6jnsfbz{s–>f]tfnfO{ wLt d?Gh]ngrfpg';Dd grfP . uLts}6 'Ssfaf6 sflnsf df=lj=sf ]

d}bfgdf z'qmaf/ pb\3f6g ePsf]]sfo{qmddf afnsn]lv j[4;Dd;xefuL eP/ sDd/ dsf{O{–dsf{O{gfr] . a'6jndf klxnf] k6s ufpgcfPsf nf]skk ufos /fdrGb|sfkm\n]n] cfkm\gf nf]slk|o / rlr{tuLtx¿sf] gg:6k k|:t'ltdfkm{t

ljz]if u/L kk jf ¥ofk uLtdfdfq} em'Dg ?rfpg] o'jf k':tfnfO{;d]t /fd}|;“u grfpg ;kmn eP .sfkm\n]n] kxf8L hghLjgdf d]nvfg] zAbn] el/Psf l/ldS; uLtufP/ afnsb]lv j[4;Ddsf] dgklg Ps;fy lht] . zAb ;+sns

/d]z lahL, gjf]lbt uflosf b]ljsfs];L tyf /ldnf yfkf;d]tn] d~rttfPsf ] sfo{qmddf zlgaf/lbge/ n'lDagL c~rnsf nf]sbf]x/L;d"xaLrsf] k|lt:kwf{n] klg pkl:ytbz{snfO{ 5d5dL grfof] .

:yfgLo lghL ljBfnosf

5fq5fqf tyf xf:osnfsf/ r]tg9sfnn] klg cfkm\gf] g[Todfkm{tbz{ssf] jfG;df]/ a6'n]sf lyP .k|lt:kwf{df /fli6«o nf]s tyfbf]xf]/L uLt k|lti7fg ¿kGb]xLk|yd, u'NdL låtLo tyf kfNkft[tLo ePsf lyP .

Page 13: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006dgf]/~hg !%rnlrq

/s sG;6{n] tfTof] kf]v/f

lzj zdf{kf]v/f— gof“ ahf/sf] k|bz{gL

s]Gb|, hxf“ cf}Bf]lus Jofkf/ d]nfsf]tfdemfd ;lsg gkfp“b} csf] {sfo{qmd hDg k'Uof], t/ of] sfo{qmdcln k[ys\ lyof] . l8:sf]kl5 oxf“sftGg]/Lx¿nfO{ dg kg]{ dgf]/~hgsf];fwg sG;6{ g} xf] . xf], ToxL sG;6{oxf“ cfof]hgf x'“b} lyof] h;sf nflu/fhwfgLaf6 cfPsf] lyof] /s AofG8;fo; / :yfgLo AofG8 lyof] b Ph .

sfo{qmd lbp“;f] tLg ah]eg]/ tf ]lsP klg cfof ]hsn]cflGt/s rf“hf]kfhf] ldnfp“bf–ldnfp“b} b'O{ 306f l9nf] x'g k'Uof],t/ klg cfof]hsn] tf]s]sf] ;dod}

gof“–gof“ :6fOndf o'jfo'jtLsf]k|j]z eof] . kª\s, lxKkL ;a} vfnsf]klx/gdf ;lhPsf :6fOln:6o'jfo'jtLx¿ sG;6{ k|f/De x'g] Jou|k|tLIffdf lyP . pgLx¿sf] nfdf]k|tLIffsf] 38L cGTo ug{ d~rdfPsfPs b]vf k¥of]— b Ph AofG8 .

Phn] lr;f] jftfj/0fnfO{la:tf/} ttfpg yfNof] . a];'/ eP/gfRg]x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ sfa'df /fVg;s]sf lyPgg\ . ;f“emsf] /+u a9\b}uPkl5 gfRg]x¿ ylk“b } uP .clgolGqt eP/ gfRg]x¿nfO{ yfDgcfof]hsx¿nfO{ klg xDd]–xDd]k/]sf] lyof] . pSt ;d"xn] nuftf/8]9 306f nfOe k|:t't ubf {

tGg]/Lx¿nfO{ sG;6{sf] g;fn]em'dfOxfNof] . b Phn] cfk\mgf gof“tyf k'/fgf u/L !! j6f uLt k|:t'tu/]sf] lyof] .

cem } w ] / }sf ] cfsif { 0 f/fhwfgLaf6 cfPsf] ;fo; AofG8dflyof] . b Ph ;d"xsf] k|:t'lt nuQ}pb\3f]lifsfåo lk|of u'?ª / k"gdu'?ªn] ;fo; AofG8nfO{ :6]hdfcfdGq0f u/] . To;kl5 bz{sx¿sf]x'l6ª ;'? eof] . kf]v/]nL bz{ssf]ckf/ dfof;“u} :6]hdf cfPsf] ;fo;klxnf] uLt …efUo d]/f]Ú vf;} hd]g .ha bf];|f] rlr{t l/ldS; ul/Psf]…ltdL geP lhGbufgLÚ uLt k|:t'tubf{ bz{ssf] pQ]hgf x\jfQ} a9\of] .…dfOnf bfOÚ uLtn] eg] bz{snfO{kfgL–kfgL agfof] .

5j6f uLt ufP/ sG;6{sf]la6 df/]sf] pSt ;d"xn] klxnf]k6s kf]v/fdf cfkm\gf] nfOe sG;6{k|:t't u/sf] xf] . kf]v/]nL bz{ssf]dfof kfPkl5 AofG8sf ef]sln:6clgn kflv|gn] ;fKtflxs;“u eg]–…kf ]v/ ]nLx¿df /s sG;6{sf ]cfsif{0f /fd|} kfof}+ .Ú

qmf]wwL/]g zfSosf] z'e]R5f yfkf;“u

ljjfx e};s]sf] x'G5 . kl/aGwdfk/]/ pgn] hn zfx;“u bf];|f]ljjfx u/]sf x'G5g\ . z'e]R5faf6lglvn pk|]tLsf] hGd x'G5 eg]hn zfxaf6 cfsfz clwsf/L .hjfg ePkl5 oL ;f }t ]gLkl/jf/aLr snx pTkGg x'G5 .b'O{ gfos cfsfz / lglvn Ps–csf {sf ] zq' aG5g\ . aLrdf pS;fpg]tŒjx¿n] cfuf]df £o' yKg] sfd u5{g . GofofwLz wL/ ]gkfl/jfl/s snxsf sf/0f cbfntdf Gofo lbg ;Sb}gg\ . Ps hgfk"j{dGqLsf] ei6«frf/ d'2fdf pgn] ;xL Gofo lbg g;Sbf ;d:ofdfk/]kl5 5f]/fx¿n] cGttM afa'sf] ;d:of a'em\5g\ / pgnfO{ ;xof]uu5{g\ . ;+of]ufGt syfdf cfwfl/t of] rnlrqdf cfsfz clwsf/Ln]kf“rj6f dxŒjk"0f{ ljwf ;Dxfn]sf 5g\ . uLtsf/, syfsf/, gfos,lgb]{zs tyf lgdf{tf cfsfz clwsf/Ln] rnlrqsf s]xL b[Zodfafx]s syfqmdnfO{ cJojl:yt x'g lbPsf 5}gg\ . gfos–gflosfsf¿kdf b]lvg] u/]sf wL/]g zfSo, hn zfx / z'e]R5f yfkf s'g}–s'g}b[Zodf lglvn / cfsfzsf cleefjsh:tf b]lv“b}gg\ . rnlrqsf]syf ;fdflhs Pj+ kfl/jfl/s ePsfn] lglvnsf] PS;g tyf /]vfyfkfsf] c+u k|bz{gh:tf b[Zo g/fv]sf] eP x'GYof] h:tf] nfU5 .oBlk lgb]{zs clwsf/Ln] bz{sx¿nfO{ rnlrq ejg;Dd tfGg tLb[Zo /flvPsf] atfPsf 5g\ . piff kf}8]n klg gflosf /x]sf] pQmrnlrqdf w/x/fsf] /]lnª elTsPsf], uf]nL nfu]/ z/L/ Kjfn k/]sf]h:tf b[Zo Plgd];g u/]/ /flvPsf] 5 .

afa'naLcf/ lkmND;sf] Aofg/df lgdf{0f ePsf] rnlrq …afa'nÚ cfh

z'qmaf/ ;fj{hlgs x'“b}5 . ;kmntfsf] >]o kfpg] rnlrqsf] ;"rLdf/x]sf] afa'nn] ;fj{hlgs x'g'cl3 g} /fd|f] rrf{ kfPsf] 5 . kfl/jfl/ssyfdf cfwfl/t rnlrq afa'nsf] lgdf{0f aLcf/ rf]k8fn] u/]sf x'g\eg] lgb]{zg /lj rf]k8fn] . k|bz{gcl3 g} of] rnlrqn] rrf{ kfpg'sf]d'Vo sf/0f alnp8 jfbzfx cldtfe aRrgsf] clegosf cltl/Qmpgn] rnlrqsf] Pp6f uLtdf lbPsf] cfjfh klg xf] . rnlrqafa'ndf cldtfe aRrg, x]df dflngL, /fgL d'vhL{, cf]d k'/L, ;ndfgvfg, hf]g ca|fxd, cdg jdf{, k/ldt ;]7L, /fhkfn ofbj, :dLtfhos/ cflbsf] clego x]g{ kfOG5 . rnlrqdf ;dL/sf zAbdfcfb]z >Ljf:tjn] ;+uLt e/]sf 5g\ .

An8 8fod08xlnp8 rnlrq pBf]udf cfh rnlrq An8 8fod08 ;fj{hlgs

x'g] qmddf 5 . 8«fdf, /f]dfG;, ly|n/ tyf Uofª:6/ qmfO{ddf cfwfl/trnlrq An8 8fod08df ;g\ () sf] bzsdf l;o/fnf]gdf ePsf]o'4df cfwfl/t 5 . o'4sfndf nueu Wj:t ePsf] l;o/fnf]gsf]hLjgz}nLnfO{ rnlrqdf hLjGt ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . of] rnlrqdflnof]gfbf]{ l8 sflk|cf], lhdf]g xfpG;', h]lgkm/ sg]nL, h]D; Ko'l/kmf]o,cf/gf]N8 ef]:nf]n] k|d'v e"ldsfdf lgjf{x u/]sf 5g\ . P8jf8{ HjLssf]lgb]{zgdf ag]sf] of] rnlrqsf] lgdf{0f n]g cdf6f], a]Ghfldg j];a|]g,s]leg 8] nf gf]on] u/]sf x'g\ . cd]l/sfdf lgdf{0f ePsf] rnlrqAn8 8fod08sf] 5fofª\sg nG8g, Go'of]s{, df]hflDas tyf s]k6fpgdf ePsf] lyof] .

k[i7 ! af6 hf/LOGu]hd]G6 ePsf] ef]lnkN6

cf]d;“u ePsf] 5f]6f] s'/fsfgL M;HhfnfO{ Tolta]nf 6]lnrnlrqdf

v]nfpg lgs} hf]8 ug'{ePsf] lyof] xf] <–v}, ;fyLefO s] eG5g\ s'lGg,

t/ d}n] To:tf] hf]8 eg] u/]sf]lyOg“ . xfdLnfO{ gflosf rflxPsf]lyof] . pgL klg gflosf ePsLn]gfd k|:tfj u/]sf] dfq x'“ .

Pp6L gflosf;“u ljjfx ug{kfp“bf s:tf] nflu/x]sf] 5 <

–Pp6f gfd rn]sf] cg'xf/ xf],t/ dnfO{ vf;} km/s nflu/x]sf] 5}g .

gflosfsf ¿kdf pgsf af/]dftkfO+{nfO{ s]–s:tf] s'/f yfxf 5 <

–d}n] pgsf] rnlrq …gf}8f8f“kfl/Ú x]/]sf] lyP“ . To;kl5 g};Hhf gfdsL gflosf klg l5g\eGg] yfxf kfPsf] x'“ .

rnlrqsf snfsf/ To;dfklg gflosfnfO{ ;dfhn] x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fcln leGg 5 . tkfO{+ t Pp6Lgflosfsf] >Ldfg x'“b} x'g'x'G5 <

–;a}nfO{ Pp6} 3fgdf /fv]/x]g{ ldNb}g . pgsf af/]df g/fd|f]s'/f ePsf] eP, ljjfx g} x'“b}gYof]xf]nf . pgsf] 5lj / JolQmTj d}n];kmf kfPsf] 5' .

ljjfxkl5 pgn] rnlrq gv]Ng]/] < tkfO{+ klg To:t} rfxg'x'G5 <

–of] pgsf] JolQmut OR5fsf]s'/f xf] . d}n] cd]l/sfsf] ;dfha'em]sf] 5' . ptf Ps hgfsf]JolQmut lg0f{odf csf]{n] x:tIf]k

ljjfx ul/g\ ;Hhfn]

ub}}{gg\ . d klg pgsf] lg0f{odfx:tIf]k ug{ rfxGg“ .

xlgd'gsf nflu sxf“ hf“b}x 'g'x 'G5 <

–xlgd'g t uOG5 . d}n] b'O{–tLgj6f 7fp“ ;f]r]sf] 5' t/ sxf“uOG5, Tof] ;Hhf;“u} ;Nnfx u/]/lg0f{o ug]{ s'/f xf] .

afa'sf] egfO;Hhfsf afa' xf:osnfsf/

uf]kfn/fh d}gfnL sfG5L 5f]/L;Hhfsf] ljjfxaf6 lgs} v';L 5g\ .

h]7L 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx gu/]/ lsgsfG5Lsf] ljjfxsf nflu xtf/ <

–pd]/sf] lx;fan] rf “8f ]xf]Og . l9nf ljjfx ug'{ cfw'lgsb[li6sf]0f dfq} xf] . pgsL lbbL ;RrLpRr lzIffsf nflu a]nfotdfl5g\ . Ps g Ps lbg pgsf] klgljjfx x'G5 . ;Hhfsf] ljjfxsfaf/]df olt eG5'— pgsf nflupko'Qm hf]8L e]l6of] .

afa'sf nflu sfG5L 5f]/L a9LKof/L x'lG5g\ /] . pgnfO{ labf ug'{kg]{s'/fn] slQsf] b'MvL x'g'x'G5 <

–pgn] b'Mv dfg]/ hfg'kg]{ePsf] eP d klg b'Mlvt x'Gy]+ xf]nf .t}klg kl/jf/sf] Pp6f 8f]/L Rjf§

P8\;lj?4 ljG6/ u|fG8

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/w/fg— tGg]/Lx¿sf]

eL8n] z'qmaf/ la|l6; uf]vf{;fd'bflos ejgsf] 8fG;km \nf ]/ vrfvr el/Psf]lyof] . 8fG; km\nf]/df o'jf–o'jtLx¿ pGd'Qm ¿kdf 8fG;ul//x]sf lyP . 8fG; km\nf]/sf]leQfdf PrcfO{eL P8\;af6aRg] pkfo;DaGwL b[Zok | f ]h ] S6/dfk m {t k | bz {ge}/x]sf] lyof] .

ljZj P8\; lbj; l8;]Da/–!sf] cj;/df kfj/ x]Ny Snaåf/fcfof]lht ljG6/ u|fG8 8fG;sf] pQmb[Zo oxf“ ;ft}lkR5] ;~rfnge}/x]sf 8fG; kf6L{x¿eGbf leGglyof] . 8fG; km\nf]/sf] b[Zon]

klZrdL z}nLsf] ;+uLtsf]tfndf 8fG; ug' { ;x/L;+:sf/ g} e};s]sf] cg'e"ltlbO/x]sf] lyof] . PrcfO{eLP8 \;;DaGwL hgr]tgfkm}nfp“b} tGg]/Lx¿ lbp“;f]Ps ah]b]lv 5 306f;Ddlgw{Ss gflr/x]sf lyP .

l8h] af;n] ldlS;ªu/]sf] ;+uLtsf] tfndf km\nf]/o'un 8fG;/x¿n] el/Ph:t}b]lvGYof] . 8fG; ;'? x'g'cl3

PrcfO{eL ;+qmldtx¿sf] ;+u7g…w/fg kf]lhl6e u|'kÚsf ;b:on]P8\;af6 aRg] pkfox¿ atfPsflyP . w]/} 8fG;/n] P8\;af6 6f9}/xg] k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{ sG8dsfKofs]6 8fG; km\nf]/d} lnP/ uPsf lyP .

l5g]h:tf] cg'e"lt e}/x]sf] 5 .ljjfxkl5 pgn] clego ug{ 5f8\g]

s'/f ub}{l5g\ . Pp6f snfsf/sf] gftfn]tkfO{+ s] eGg'x'G5 <

–ljjfxsf] r6f/f]n] pgL;“uo; ljifodf s'/f ug{ EofPsf] 5}g .g5f]8]sf] /fd|f] . tyflk s'g} ljz]ifsf/0fn] 5f]8\g nfu]sL xf] eg] sf/0fa'em]kl5 dfq d s]xL af]N5' .

s] eG5g\ s]xL;xsdL{x¿ <

;Hhfsf] ljjfxsf] va/n] v';Lg} nfu]sf] 5 . pgsf] klxnf] rnlrq-gf} 8f“8fkfl/_ df d gfos lyP“ .

a]hf]8 clego tyf /fd|f] g[To ug{;Sg] k|ltef pgdf 5 t/ pgn]ca pk|fGt rnlrq gv]Ng] s'/f;'Gbf stfstf vNnf] nfu]sf] 5 .Pp6f ultnf] snfsf/n] of] If]qg5f]8]s} a]; x'G5 . kl/jf/nfO{l/emfP/ x'G5 ls s] u/]/ x'G5 pgn]clegonfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPs} /fd|f] .

–lbnLk /fodfemL -gfos_ljjfx x'g' /fd|f], t/ rnlrq

If]q 5f8\g' g/fd|f] . ;Hhf Ps s'zng[Tofª\ugf klg x'g\ . To;}n] klgpgn] clegosd{ 5f8\g' of] If]qsf

nflu 3f6fsf] s'/f xf] .–j;Gt >]i7 -g[To lgb]{zs_

;Hhfn] d ]/f ] lgb ] {zgdfrnlrq …s'?If]qÚ df clego u/]sLlyOg\ . pgL Ps k|ltefzfnLcleg]qL x'g\ . To;dfly pgsf] dfuahf/df oyfjt } 5 . pgn ]ljjfxkl5 rnlrq If]q 5f8\g'sfk5fl8 h];'s} sf/0f eP klg xfdLrnlrqsdL{sf b[li6sf]0faf6 pgn]g5f]8]s} /fd|f] .

–1fg]Gb| b]phf -rnlrq lgb]{zs_dnfO{ yfxf eP;Dd pgn]

ljjfx x'geGbf w]/}cl3 g} rnlrqIf]q 5fl8;lsg\ . clego ug'{–gug'{

pgsf] JolQmut lg0f{osf] s'/f xf] .d o;df s]xL af]Ng rfxGg“ .

–lglvn pk|]tL -rnlrq gfos_pgsf] ljjfxsf] va/n] d

crDddf k/]+ . xfdLn] t ljjfx u/]sf5}gf} + . pgn] lsg xtf/ u/]sLxf]lng\ < t}klg pgn] of] If]q g5f8]x'GYof] . ljjfx u/]sf gflosfx¿n]klg of] If]qdf sfd ul//x]s} 5g\ . d]/f]pgnfO{ …:k];n l/Sj]:6Ú 5 of] If]qg5f]8\g' . c¿ t s] eGg' / † ;'vbbfDkTo hLjgsf] xflb{s z'esfdgf .

–lg?tf l;+x -gflosf_

w/fgdfrnlrq dxf]T;j

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/w/fg— cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf

pTs[i6 dflgPsf j[Qlrq k|bz{gul/Psf] w/fg rnlrq dxf]T;jzlgaf/ ;DkGg eof] . kl/qmdfljBfyL{ kl/jf/ tyf cN6/g]l6elkmNd d'ed]G6åf/f cfof]lhtdxf]T;jdf g]kfnsf ;fy} ljb]zdflgld{t @@ j6f j[Qlrq k|bz{gul/Psf] lyof] . kf“rlbg] km]l:6andfjL/uGhsf km'6an v]nf8Lx¿sf]ef/tLo e"lddf ePsf] v]nofqfnfO{;d]6]/ lu/Lz lu/Ln] lgdf{0f u/]sf]æl6d g]kfnÆn] w/fg]x¿sf] dglht]sf] lyof] . d]hg k'g /8aaxfb'/ ua'{hfsf] xgL xG6/ tyfw|'j a:g]tsf] /StfDo u/fx¿ klgkm]l:6ansf] cfsif{0f ag]sf lyP .

To;afx]s rnlrq dxf]T;jdfg]kfnsf rlr{t j[Qlrqx¿ k|0folnDa"sf] Oltxf; lhTg]x¿sf nflu,w|'j a:g]tsf] :s'N; Og qm; kmfo/,s];fª l5l/ªsf] dlR5Gb|gfy cgb /f]8 ljy b /]8 u8 tyf l5l/ªl/tf/sf] b l:kl/6 8h g6 sdPgL df]/ cflb klg k|bz{g ul/P .dxf]T;jdf ef/t, >Ln+sf, blIf0fclk|msf, a+unfb]z, rLg, O6fnLtyf Sofg8fsf ljifoj:t'dfcfwfl/t j[Qlrq k|bz{g ul/PsflyP . dxf]T;jdf # xhf/eGbfa9L bz{ssf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]kl/qmdf ljBfyL{ kl/jf/sf dw'/a:g]tn] atfP .

Page 14: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006 !^;+uLt

cfuf] kfgL========s:tf] uLt xf] <–of] d]nf]l8o; kk z}nLsf] uLtxf] . of] uLt ;DaGwdf pTkGg x'g]c;dembf/L Pj+ e|ddf cfwfl/t 5 .o; k|sf/sf uLtsf nlIft >f]tfsf] x'g ;S5g\ <– vf;u/L o'jf k':tfn] ?rfpg]eP klg of] uLt ;a}sf lglDtlk|o aGg ;S5 .uLtsf] cfsif{s kIf <– ;/n zAb / To;cg'¿ks};+uLtsf] k|of]u . of] uLtn] nf]slk|otf kfPsf] eGg]cfwf/ s] 5 <– Pkm=Pd= /]l8of] tyf 6]lnlehgsfcg'/f]w sfo{qmddf w]/} >f]tf tyfbz{ssf] /f]hfOdf kg{ ;Sg' g} o;sf]nf]slk|otfsf] cfwf/ xf] .Do'lhs lel8of] s:tf] ag]sf] 5 <– ;fwf/0f sG;]K6df uLtsf]efjnfO{ b]vfpg] k|of; ul/Psf]5 . 7Ls} 5, t/ of] s'/f tbz{sx¿;“u ;f]Wg' pko'Qm x'G5 .

;ftfsf] :j/

nfOe zf]–7d]nl:yt afDa' Sna ljleGg lsl;dsf :jb]zL÷ljb]zL kl/sf/

tyf k]o kbfy{sf nflu k|l;4 5 . pQm /]:6'/f“sf Ps ;~rfns;d]t/x]sf /s ufos /ljg tfdfª ljz]if cj;/ tyf z'qmaf/ ;f“em cfkm\gf] /s;+uLt ;d"x …/ljg P08 b Go" /f]e'n];gÚsf ;fy /s uLt ;'gfp“5g\ .

hGdldlt M !$ cS6'a/ -c;f]h @*_hGd:yfg M ;]ltbf]efg, :ofª\hf?lr M sDKo'6/, uLt–;+uLtklxnf] uLt M cf“vfe/L cf“;' lsg <klxnf] PNad M 6\ofn]G; $ -sn]S;g_PNad M hL/f] lsnf]ld6/;f+uLlts u'? M cd[t If]qLklxnf] sG;6{ M )^# ;fndf w/fgdfklxnf] k|]d M uLt–;+uLtklxnf] 8]l6ª M clxn];Dd 5}g .klxnf] OG:6«'d]G6 M lu6f/dg kg]{ kl/sf/ M dMd tyf d;?d lkHhfdgkg]{ ufos M gf/fo0fuf]kfn, c?0f yfkf, ;f]g' lguddgkg]{ /+u M /ftf], ;]tf]dgkg]{ klx/g M lhG;, ;6{dgkg]{ ;jf/L ;fwg M df]6/;fOsndgkg]{ gflosf M /fgL d'vhL{dgkg]{ gfos M 6d qm'h, l/lts /f]zgdgkg]{ df};d M hf8f] ;dodgkg]{ v]n M km'6ankm';{bdf M sDKo'6/df a:5'dgkg]{ ;+uLt M :nf] /s, lxkkl/; p7]sf] a]nf M xf“;]/} krfp“5'dgkg]{ cfkm\g} afgL M ;w}+ ;sf/fTds /xg';a}eGbf a9L dfof M cfdfnfO{klxnf] r'Dag M 8]6 ofb x'G5 / <3'Dg dg kg]{ :yfg M 8f]Nkf / kf]v/fhLjg s] xf] M ;+3if{};+3if{ .

glhsaf6 hljs

e/t l;6f}nf

ufos /lag tfdfª w/fgsf cfkm\gf o'jf k|z+;sx¿dfem .tl:a/ M /fh' l3l;ª

ckmla6

– nf]slk|o kk ufos ;ljg/fO{sf] Psn sG;6{ ef]ln dª\l;/ @#ut] zlgaf/ pgs} u[xgu/ w/fgdf;~rfng x'g] ePsf] 5 . ;ljgsf;fyLx¿sf] ;d"x o'gfO6]8 a|b/n]cfof]hgf ug]{ sfo{qmddf pgn] cfkm\gf8]9 bh{g uLt ufpg] tof/L u/]sf5g\ . klAns xfO{:s'nsf] v'nf d}bfgdfcfof]hgf x'g] sG;6{df ;ljgnfO{jfBjfbgdf /fhwfgLsf] lk|Hdf AofG8n];xof]u ug]{5 . rf/ jif{cl3 cfkm\gf]bf];|f] PNad …;txÚ ahf/df cfPkl5PsfPs rrf{df cfPsf ;ljgn]ufPsf emG8} Ps bh{g uLt nf]slk|o5g\ . pgsf tLgj6f PNad ;fj{hlgse};s]sf 5g\ .

– cfºgf cy{k"0f{ uLtx¿sfsf/0f g]kfnL ;+uLtdf 5'§} klxrfgagfO;s]sf uLtsf/ lbg ]zclwsf/Lsf] bf];|f] Psn PNad-Sof;]6÷l;8L_ d+l;/sf] cGTo;Dddf;fj{hlgs x'g] ePsf] 5 . zAb zLif{s/flvPsf] pQm PNaddf bLk >]i7,s'lGt df]Qmfg, bLks v/]n, ljdnf/fO{, /fds[i0f 9sfn, ;kgf>L, s0f{bf;,l/df u'?ª, pbo ;f]tfª cflbsf] :j/;'Gg kfOg]5 . uLtsf/ clwsf/Lsf]klxnf] uLlt;+u|x lnkL @)%( df;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] . !) hgf;'kl/lrt ;+uLtsf/sf] ;+uLtdf;lhPsf !) j6f uLt ;+u|lxt PNadzAbn] ;'ud ;+uLtsf] If]qdf dxŒjk"0f{:yfg agfpg] s'/fdf ;+uLt;dLIfsx¿ cfzfjfbL 5g\ .

–kkufos gjLg s] e§/fO{n]b'O{dlxg] cd]l/sf a;fOsf qmddfljleGg !* j6f ;x/df cfkm\gf];f+uLlts sfo{qmd k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .cf/kL OG6/6]gd]G6sf] cfof]hgfdfePsf pQm sfo{qmdx¿df cd]l/sfdfa:b} cfPsf g]kfnLx¿n] e/k"/dgf]/~hg lnPsf lyP . cd]l/sfsf]gy{ Sofnf]/f]gf ;x/df gf]e]Da/ &

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/w/fg— k"jf{~rnsf ;f+uLlts

;d"xx¿ k'; * ut] w/fgdf;~rfng x'g] …zs j]e Aof6nla6 \ ljg b AofG8 \;Ú gfds;f+uLlts k|ltof]lutfdf le8\g]ePsf 5g\ . g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg;+3 ;'g;/L zfvfsf] o'jf pk–;ldltn]cfof]hgf ug]{ k|ltof]lutfdf k"jf{~rnsf@) j6feGbf a9L AofG8sf ];xeflutf /xg]5 .

h]g]/];g Uofksf] ;d:ofx6fpg tyf PrcfO{eL P8\;,nfu"cf}ifw, b'Jo{;g Pj+ c;'/lIftue{ktgsf ;DaGwdf lszf]/–lszf]/Lx¿sf ;fy} o'jfx¿nfO{ ;r]tu/fpg k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgful/Psf] sfo{qmd ;+of]hs ;l/tf;'Aafn] atfOg\ . ;f+uLlts k|ltefpTkfbgsf lglDt pj{/ ;x/ w/fgdf;ft jif{kl5 o; lsl;dsf] k|ltof]lutf;~rfng x'g nfu]sf] xf] .

;xefuL AofG8x¿dWo]af65gf}6 u/L pTs[i6 b;j6f AofG8n]k'; * ut] x'g] kmfOgn r/0fsf]k|lt:kwf{df ;xefuL x'g kfpg]5g\ .of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo ;d]l6Psf]uLt ufpg] AofG8nfO{ ljz]ifk'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/g] ;+3sf lhNnfcWoIf ;'/]zdfg >]i7n] atfP .k|lt:kwL{x¿ cfkm\gf] AofG8sf]Pp6f tyf :yflkt snfsf/sf]csf]{ uLt k|:t't u/]sf] cfwf/dfljh]tf r'lgg]5g\ .

/s, kk, x\ofeL d]6n, 8]yd]6n, ANofs d]6n, An'h ljwfsf]h'g;'s} uLt AofG8x¿n] ufpgkfpg]5g\ . k|ltof]lutfsf ljh]tfn]!) xhf/ ?k}of“ gub k'/:sf/kfpg ]5g \ . ;jf ] { Ts [ i6 ln8lutfl/:6, l/bd lutfl/:6, a];lutfl/:6, 8«d/, lsaf]8{ jfbs tyf/rgfsf/nfO{ hgxL gub kGw| ;o?k}of“sf b/n] k'/:s[t ul/g]5 .

df ;'? ePsf] pgsf] ;f+uLlts ofqfl8;]Da/ # tfl/vdf afN6Ldf]/dfsfo{qmd u/]kl5 ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .P~hN; AofG8sf] nfOe Do'lhsdfufos e§/fO{n] cfkm\gf rlr{tuLtx¿ k|:t't u/]sf lyP . o;aLrufos e§/fO{n] g]kfn kmls{g'cl3a"9fgLns07sf k"j{ ljBfyL{x¿sf];+u7g ;]A; gy{ cd]l/sfsf] ;xof]ufy{ljz]if sfo{qmddf klg cfkm\gf k|:t'ltlbg] ePsf 5g\ .

–slj tyf uLtsf/ Jofs'ndfOnf cyf{t\ k|bLks'df/ /fO{åf/f/lrt uLtnfO{ gof“ /fli6«o uLtsf¿kdf l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . …;of}+y'“uf km"nsf xfdL, Pp6} dfnf g]kfnL,;fj{ef}d eO{ km}lnPsf d]rL–dxfsfnL==Ú af]nsf] pQm uLtnfO{;+:s[ltljb\ ;Todf]xg hf]zLsf];+of]hsTjdf ul7t /fli6«o uLt 5gf}6sfo{bnn] /fli6«o uLtsf ¿kdf 5gf}6u/]sf] xf] * x/km / $& zAbsf] pQm/rgf ut laxLaf/ cfof]lht Pskqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf hf]zLn] ;+:s[lt,ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqLk|bLk 1jfnLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/] .

k|fKt ! xhf/ @ ;o &@ /rgfdWo]/rgfsf/sf] gfd gx]/L Jofs'ndfOnfsf] uLt 5gf}6 ul/Psf] hf]zLn];Dd]ngdf kqsf/x¿nfO{ atfP .dGqL 1jfnLsf cg';f/ sfo{bnn]5gf}6 u/]sf] uLtnfO{ dlGqkl/ifb\n]clGtd ¿k lbg ]5 . k | fKt/rgfx¿dWo] ;jf]{Ts[i6 b; /rgf;+uLta4 x'g]5g\ eg] …sÚ If]0fLsf b'O{;o b'O{ /rgf ;+u|xsf ¿kdfkf7s;dIf k'Ug]5g\ .

–ut zlgaf/ ljZj P8\;lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ :of8f]h ;d"xn]lrtjgdf Ps sG;6{ ;DkGg u¥of] .pQm sG;6{df ;d"xsf ufos :jlKgntyf /s uflosf k"hf /fO{n] cfkm\gfuLtx¿ ;'gfp“b} c;'/lIft of}g;DaGwtyf PrcfO{eL ;+qmd0fsf ;DaGwdfpkl:yt bz{sx¿nfO{ ;r]t u/fPsflyP . o;aLr ljZj P8\; lbj;s}cj;/df c3f{vf“rLdf r]tgfd"nsnf]sbf]xf]/L sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf]5 . eQmk'/l:yt lhNnf P8\;;dGjo ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdfeQmk ' /df k lg nf ]sbf ] x f ] / Lsfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .

–rlr{t /s ;d"x …!(&$ P8LÚsf ufos tyf 8«d/ P8l/g k|wfgn]cfkm\gf] Psn PNad lgsfn]sf] w]/}e};Sof] . ca pQm ;d"xsf csf{ufos tyf ln8 lutfl/:6 lkm/f]h;fª\b]g klg Psn PNad ahf/dfk'¥ofpg] tof/Ldf 5g\ . ut z'qmaf/7d]nl:yt tGq /]:6'/f“sf] rf}yf]jflif{sf]T;jsf cj;/df cfof]lht Pssfo{qmddf lkm/f]hn] cfkm\gf] PsnPNad ahf/df cfpg nfu]sf] atfP .z'qmaf/ ;f“em cfdlGqt bz{sx¿sfdfem /]:6'/f“ kl/;/df lkm/f]hn] cfkm\gf]cfufdL PNadsf uLtx¿ ;'gfP .To;sf cltl/Qm pgn] cfkm"nfO{dgkg]{ ufosåo bLk >]i7 tyf :j=c?0f yfkfsf uLtx¿ klg ufP .8]9 3G6f hlt Pskl5 csf]{ uLtufp“b} jftfj/0fnfO{ ;+uLtdo kf/]sflkm/f]hsf] k|:t'ltdf cfwf bh{ghltlrqsf/n] lrq sf]/]sf lyP . ToxLcjlwdf snfsf/ pbo sdf{rfo{n]lkm/f]hn] ufO/x]sf] lrq Sofgef;dfptf/]/ pgnfO{ pkxf/ k|bfg u/]sf lyP .

–uPsf] jif{ sf7df8f}+df sfo{qmdu/]/ kmls{Psf ef/tsf k|yd OlG8ogcfO8n clelht ;fjGt km]l/ Psk6s

g]kfn cfpg] ePsf 5g\ . ufos;fjGt cfufdL k'; ̂ ut] lj/f6gu/dfcfof ]hgf x 'g ] Ps ;f +uLltssfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g]5g\ . k|fKthfgsf/Lcg';f/ ;fjGtn] :yfgLo;lxb /+uzfnfdf Ps z}lIfs ;+:yfs[ ltsf Ph's ];g tyf x ]NykmfpG8];gn] cfof]hgf ug]{ ;f+uLltssfo{qmddf ljleGg uLtx¿;'gfpg]5g\ . lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfosfafnaflnsfx¿nfO{ lgMz'Ns lzIffk|bfg ug{] p2]Zon] pQm sfo{qmdsf]cfof]hgf ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . ;fjGtlj/f6gu/af6 emG8} Ps ;o krf;lsnf]ld6/ k"j{df kg]{ ef/tsf]afu8f]/f;Dd xjfO{hxfhdf cfP/Toxf“af6 df]6/af6f] x'“b} lj/f6gu/cfpg]5g\ . sf7df8f}+df kf“r nfv¿k}of“ lnP/ sfo{qmd k|:t't u/]sf;fjGtn] o;k6s eg] ;ft nfv?k}of“ kfl/>lds lnPsf] atfOG5 .

–ufos s0f {bf;sf gof “uLtx¿ ;+u|xLt PNad cfp“bf] s]xLdlxgfleq} ahf/df cfpg] ePsf]5 . xfn sf7df8f } +df /x ]sfkf]v/fsf oL ufos cfkm\gf gof“uLtsf] /]sl8{ªdf Jo:t 5g\ .

k"jf{~rndf AofG8 le8\Gt

Page 15: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006kf7sd~r !&sljtf n3'syf

k|]d kl/0ffdltDn] lhTof} v]ndf d]/f] t xf/ eof];Rrf k|]d u/]+ ToxL k|]d ef/ eof]lxhf];Dd d]/f] ¿k ltdLnfO{ km"n dflyToxL km"n d'6' /]6\g] wf/ eof]kfpg] cfzdf lhGbuLsf ;kgf a'Gy]+a'Gbf 6'6\of] ;kgf c¿;“u Kof/ eof]uf]w"lndf e]6 ;w}+ 8f“8fdfly g} x'GYof}5'6\of] dfof aLrdf Pp6f af/ eof]dfof slt uy+]{ s;/L b]vfpm“ ltdLnfO{d]/f] eGbf p;sf] dfof ckf/ eof]h'gLel/ ;“u} x'G5', ;w}+ ldng x'G5lj5f]8sf] /Lt /}5 lk/tLsf] ;f/ eof]ltDn] lhTof} d]/f] t xf/ eof]k|]d u/+] ltDnfO{ cflv/ ToxL ef/ eof] .

–sdn vgfn

yfn]sf] b]v]/ las'/fdsL >LdtLn];f]lw5 M x}g, lsg o;/L xtf/–xtf/lha|f] g} kf]Ng] u/L skmL lkpg'efÚsf]xh'/n] < cf/fdn] lkP e}xfN5 lg †

las'/fd M kf“r ?“k}of“ artu/]sf] lg †

>LdtL M o;/L lha|f] g} kf]Ng]u/L skmL lkp“b}df s;/L kf“r ?“k}ofart x'G5 <

las'/fd M pm Tof] leQfdfldg' x]/ g, of] Sofk]mdf x6 skmLsf]?= @) k5{ eg] sf]N8 slkmsf] ?= @%k5{, To;}n] of] tftf] skmLnfO{ lr;f]kf/]/ lsg sf]N8 skmLsf] k};f ltg]{ <

)))Pp6L dlxnfsf] lzz'sf]

cg'xf/ cln g/fd|f] lyof] . Psk6s pm cfkm\gf] lzz'nfO{ lnP/ a;rl95 . lzz'sf] cg'xf/ b]v]/ a;sf]rfnsn] eg]5 M s:tf] s'¿k cg'xf/tkfO+{sf] lzz'sf], s] efÚsf] To:tf] <

rfnssf ] o:tf ] ¿vf ]k|ltlqmof ;'g]/ dlxnfnfO{ lgs}l/; p7]5 / pm s]xL klg gaf]nLl/;fp“b} k5fl8sf] l;6df uP/al;5 . dlxnf l/;n] r'/ x“'b} PSn}a/a/fpg yf ln5 . o;/La/a/fPsf] b]v]/ glhs} a;]sf] Pseb| JolQmn] tL dlxnf;“u ;f]w]5 M…x}g, lsg o;/L a/a/fp“b} x'g'x'G5,s] eof] tkfO{+nfO{ <Ú

dlxnf -l/;fp“b}_ M x}g, of] a;sf]rfnsn] cfkm"nfO{ s] eG7fGof xf]nf s'lGg <p;n] d]/f] ckdfg u¥of] . dlxnfsf] s'/f;'g]/ eb| JolQm ;xfg'e"lt b;f{p“b} M cf]xf] †gf/Lsf] ckdfg ug'{ t 7"nf] kfk xf] . hfg';\,uP/ Ps yKk8 nufP/ cfpg';\ . a? v}tkfO+{sf] af“b/ Psl5g d af]lslbG5' .

k/f]ksf/sf] kl/0ffdcfºgf] 5f]/fnfO{ k9fP/ 7"nf] dflg; agfpg] dL7f] ;kgf af]s]/

sfn] h+undf sf7 lrg{ uof] . 5f]/fsf] :s'n hfg] ;kgf k"/f ug{ ef]s,Kof;, ysfO ;a} lal;{P/ b'Mvkl5 ;'v cjZo cfp“5, 5f]/f k9]/ 7"nf]dflg; eP/ xfdLnfO{ ;'vn] kfN5 eGg] s'/f sfn]sf] dgdf lyof] . pm3/L3/L 5f]/f cfpg] af6f] x]l//xG5 . /fh'n] !@ ah] a'afnfO{ vfgf lnP/cfp“5' eg]sf] lyof] t/ ! alh;Sbf klg /fh' gcfPkl5 sfn] kfgL vf“b}ef]s d]6\5 . /fh' eg] a'afnfO{ vfgf lnP/ h+untkm{ nfU5 . Tof] 3g3f]/h+unsf] aLrdf /fh'n] Pp6f ¿vdf sfu clNemPsf] b]V5 . Tof] sfukL8fn] 56\k6fP/ s/fPsf] b]Vbf /fh'nfO{ Hofb} dfof nfu]/ cfof] .To;kl5 Tof] ¿vdf clNemPsf] sfunfO{ ;sL–g;sL ¿vdf r9]/ e'O“dfemf/L 7"nf] pksf/ u5{ . t/, s:tf] ;+of]u Tof] sfusf] Pp6f v'§fef“lrPsf] lyof] . sfu e'O“df 56\kl6g yfNof] . /fh'n] Tof] sfusf]3fpdf dnd nufpg] ljrf/ u¥of] t/ Toxf“ ePsf w]/} sfux¿ cfP//fh'nfO{ 6f]Sg / n'5\g yfn] . /fh'n] tL sfux¿af6 aRg] k|of; t u¥of]t/ Tof] sfusf] x'nb]lv /fh'sf] s]xL nfu]g . cflv/ tL ca'em sfux¿n]/fh'sf] ;+;f/ x]g]{ cf“vf vf];], clg Tof] slnnf] z/L/df 3fp g} 3fp,rf]6 g} rf]6 agfP . To;kl5 /fh' a]xf]; eP/ ToxL ¿vsf] km]+bdf9Nof] . sfux¿ eg] p;sf] rf]S6f n'5\g t“5f8d5f8 ul//x]sf lyP .

– s'df/ ;'gfd

dfgjtfp;sf] cf]7af6 lgl:sPsf kL8fsf lrTsf/ ;'g]/ sfg gy'Gg]

dflg; Toxf“ ;fob} xf]nfg\ . /utfDo z/L/df ldt]/L uf“:g vf]lh/x]sf]lem+ufsf] Ps x'n ;Nnfx ul//x]sf lyP . p;sf] IftljIft ePsf] a"9f]3/ cGt/s'Gt/af6 cf“;' lgsfNb} p;nfO{ Ps6s x]l//x]sf] lyof] .

k|f0fsf] eLv dflu/x]sf] /utfDo z/L/nfO{ rnlrqsf] kbf{df /x]sf]kfqnfO{ h:t} u/L x]l//x]sf lyP Ps x'n lem+uf . s[lqd cf“;'df 8'a]/56\k6fPsf] z/L/;“u l3gfPsf xftx¿ la:tf/} k5fl8 ;fb}{ /ldtf x]l//x]sflyP . cfkmGtsf] cefjdf 56\k6fPsf] z/L/sf] bz{g ug]{ bz{gfyL{x¿sf]cfpg]–hfg] qmd tLj| ¿kdf a9\b} uPsf] lyof] . s]xL 6f9faf6 uDeL/d'b|fdf c:ktfnn] p;nfO{ nfrf/ d'b|fdf x]l//x]sf] lyof] . cufl8 yGsfOPsfl/Qf PDa'n]G;x¿ cf/fd ul//x]sf lyP . cfkmGtx¿aLr cfkmGtlagfsf]z/L/ cem} klg lhp“bf] lyof] pkrf/sf] cfzfdf .

;f“em k¥of] la:tf/} eL8 x6\of] . s]xL a]/df PDa'n]G; cfOk'Uof],9n]sf] z/L/ lnP/ c:ktfntkm{ xflGgof] . ef]lnkN6 cvaf/sf] k|ydk[i7e} va/ 5flkof] …Ps kl/jf/sf] d[To' .Ú

– ;'bLk e§/fO{

hLt'’rfsf] hf]S;[email protected]

;w} lhl:sg dg k/fpg]hLt'rf Ps rf]6L las'/fdsf 3/dfvfgf vfg af]nfPsf] a]nf las'/fdn]kfn]sf] sv'/fsf] vf]/sf] ;a} c08fl;of]n] Kjfn kf/]/ leqsf] ;a} lgsfn]/h:tfsf] t:t} /flvlbP 5 .

vfgf vfg] a]nfdf las'/fd cDn]6agfpg vf]/af6 NofPsf] c08f km'6fpgyfn]5 . Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ !@ j6f cG8fkm'6fp“bf klg leq vf]qmf] ePsf] b]v]/]las'/fd l/;fp“b} dnfO{ oqf] wf]sf lbg]eg]/ 5f]/fnfO{ af]nfP eg]5 M P Tof]t]/f] xh'a'jfsf] aGb's n] t . cad}n] hFGof 5' Ps–PsnfO{ l7s kfg{ .aGb's g} vf]h]sf] b]v]]/ lht'rf 8/fp“b}M las'/fd bfO, lsg aGb's . s;n]lbof] tkfO{+nfO{ wf]sf lbof] <

las'/fd M cfh kf/]sf] ;a} cG8fvf]qmf 5g\ . n, d]/f s'v'/fx¿n] dnfO{;f]Wb} g;f]wL kl/jf/ lgof]hg u/]5g\ .ltgLx¿ ;a}nfO{ uf]nL xfg]/ tGb'/Lagfpg'k5{ ca .

)))Pp6f ;fgbf/ Sofk]mdf

las'/fd >LdtL;“u skmL vfga;]sf] /x]5 . s]xL a]/kl5 a]/fn]skmL NofOlbP5 . a]/fn] 6]andfskmL /fv]sf] dfq s] lyof], las'/fdxtf/–xtf/ tftf] skmL lkpgyfn]5 . o;/L xQfl/“b} skmL lkpg

d]/f] dfof lgM:jfy{ 5 eGYof} ;fy lbG5';fy lbof} ltdLn] aLrdf xft 5f]8\g'/}Ú5d cfkmGt lsg x'Gy]+ k/fO{ d'6' hf]8\g'/}Ú5 .

–rGb|f 7s'/L

vf“bL /fvgcfpm dnfO{ c“ufnf]df af“lw/fv gcfhLjg ltd|} 5' d dfofn] ;f“lw/fv gw]/} k|]dkqsf] hjfkm lbPsL 5' cfhnfU5 d]/} nflu ltdL ;w} xf“l;/fv gefUo h'/fpg] t nxgf g} xf] eG5g\To;}n] t l;Gb'/ kf]t] ;f“lr/fv gPSnf] hLjg ufx|f] e};Sof] oxf“ dnfO{cfp“5' d Tof] kysf sf“8f ef“lr/fv glIflthsf] kfl/ ltdL jfl/ d 5' Sof/]Tof] d'6'df d]/f] dfof af“lw/fv gdfof ;f6\g] dfWod xfd|f] efjgf g} xf]of] …/f/fÚ nfO{ …;fu/Ú df vf“lb/fv g .

–/flwsf ‘zLtn’

lk|oef}lts z/L/ xf] df6f]n] g} vfG5 lk|odfof nfpm geP hf]ag hfG5 lk|oaofg u¿“ nfU5 d'xf/sf uLt /rL6f9f x'“bf ltd|f] ¿kn] tfG5 lk|oltd|f] yfxf 5}g of] dg k"/} ;dlk{t 5Tof] dgnfO{ cfkm\gf] dg dfG5 lk|od]/f kfOnfx¿ ltdL g} xf] ;xofqLa]Un} ;+;f/ ;hfpg ltdLnfO{ nfG5' lk|od]/f] s'/f gsf6\g' x}, ltdL;“u ;xdt 5'ltd|f af]nLx¿ lg:;f/n] dfG5 lk|o .

–ad e§

d glhs x'“bf;':tfPy+] d ltd|f] rGb|¿kL d'xf/ gb]Vbfcft'l/Psf] lyP“ d ltd|f] va/ gkfp“bfd'6' rx¥ofp“5 ltdLnfO{ gb]VbfrGb|¿kL d'xf/df t'jf“nf] nflulb+bflgi7'/L cf8Da/sf] 5fof“ d'xf/df b]Vbfcfkm"n] cfkm}+;“u k|Zg u5'{ To;} a]nfuNtL d]/f] s] 5 < k|Zg /fVg vf]HbfltdL lsg efuL lx+8\5f} glhs x'“bf .

–o'j/fh nfjtL

t]¥xy'd vfDnfn'ªsL dgdfofljZjsdf{ -@#_ ;fpbL c/a uPsf]o;kflnsf] b;}++df b'O{ jif{ k'Ub} lyof],t/ pgL b;}+ cfpg' Ps dlxgfcl3g} g]kfn cfOg\ . d'n's åGåsf] rk]6fdflyof] . ufp“df a:g ;Sg] cj:yfePg . ljb|f]xLn] cfkm";“u guPsf] emf]+sb]vfp“y] eg] /fHon] dfcf]jfbLsf]v}va/ ug]{ lgx“'df a]nf g s'a]nf;tfp“Yof] . To;kl5 dgdfofn];f]lrg\— a? ljb]z hfg' g} a]; .cfgf–;'sf] sdfpg ;s] 3/Jojxf/klg ;lhn} rNYof] . /ftf]lbgsf] 8/–wDsL klg ;xg' gkg]{ †

cfkm \g } dfdfsf 5f ]/fsf ];xof]udf pgL /fhwfgL cfOg\ .tLg6Ss] Aofhdf vf]h]sf] k};f /cfdf / cfkm\gf]] gfs, sfgsf uxgfa]r]/ hf]/hfd ubf{ *) xhf/ ?k}of“hDdf eof] . bnfndfkm{t ltg}dfdfsf 5f]/fn] lbNnL x'“b} pgsf];fpbL c/asf] ofqf to ul/lbP .;ft sIff k9 ]sL cljjflxtdgdfofnfO{ …k;ndf ;fdfg a]Rg]sfdÚ elgPsf] lyof] . ptf k'u]kl5yfxf ef], 3/]n' sfdbf/sf ¿kdfkf] nluPsf] /x]5 .

dgdfofn] Tof] a]nf emNemnLdfcf]jfbLsf] wDsL / /fHosf]xKsfObKsfO ;lDemg\ . C0f u/]/NofPsf] k};f ;lDemg\ / lg0f{oul/g\– hlt b'Mv ;x]/ eP klgsfd u5'{ . Ps 5f]/f / bDktL dfq}ePsf] 3/df sfd ug{ klg Toltuf¥xf] lyPg . pgn] cTofw'lgs;fdu|L rnfpg klg l5§} l;lsg\ .clncln efiff klg l;lsg\, t/;d:of cs}{ k¥of] . uPsf] s]xL

lbgdf 3/dflnSgLn] ;fx"n] …h]eG5g\ ToxL ug"{Ú eGg] cfzosf];'emfj lbOg\ . o;kl5 dgdfof5f“ufaf6 v;]em}+ eOg\ . d'l:ndk/Dk/fcg';f/ ;f}tf xfNg ;d:ofgx'g] . nf]Ug]n] ;f}tf gNofpmg\ eg]/pgn] klxNo} …/vf}6LÚ sf] Joj:yfug{ vf]h]sL lyOg\ .

dgdfofn] pQm s'/f :jLsf/ug]{ s'/} lyPg . a? cfTdxTof u5'{eg]/ wDSofOg\ . pgL elG5g\—…slxn]sfxL+ efG;fdf sfd ul//x“bf;fx"n] lrdf]6\Yof] . p;nfO{ b]Vgf;fyd sf]7fleq k;]/ r's'n nfp“y+] .Ú

dgdfofn] b'O{ jif{df b'O{ nfvsdfOg\ . ;fx"sf] C0f ltg]{ k};fsdfPkl5 pgL 3/ kmls{g\ . To;f]t klxn] klg 3/ cfpg vf]h]sLlyOg\ t/ b'O{jif]{ ;Demf}tfsf] sfuhb]vfP/ ;fx"n] lg:sg} lbPgg\ .dgdfof elG5g\— …dh:tf t slt5g\ slt Toxf“, t/ s;};“u e]63f6ug{ kfO“b}gYof] .Ú

cGoq h:t } j }b ] lzs/f]huf/Ldf hfg]] dlxnfsf] ;+Vofklg a9]sf] 5 . cy{tGqdf dxŒjk"0f{e"ldsf v]n]sf] …/]ld6\ofG;Ú dfdlxnfx¿sf] of]ubfg klg a9\b}5 .

s]xL ;do dfq} eof], g]kfnn]dlxnfnfO{ vf8L /fi6«df ;d]t hfg;Sg] dfGotf k|bfg u/]sf] . o;cl3lglZrt b]zafx]s dlxnfnfO{sfdsf nflu ljb]z hfg /f]slyof] . cf}krfl/s jf cgf}krfl/sh'g ¿kdf aflxl/P klg ltgsf]/]vb]v ug{' /fHosf] bfloTj xf], t/;/sf/n] cfkm}+n] cg'df]bg u/]sf]dlxnf dxf;lGw -l;8_ sf] dd{nfO{

ljz]iftM ljb ]z hfg ] dlxnfsfdbf/sf] xsdf nfu" u/]sf] 5}g .

l;8 dlxnflj?4 x'g] ;a}k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ug] {dxf;lGw xf] . of ] dxf;lGwn]cfk|jf;L dlxnfsf] xsdf wf/f !!df pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . pQm wf/fn]dlxnfnfO{ /f]huf/Ldf ;dfg cj;/lbg'k5{ eGg] cfzosf] JofVof u/]sf]5 . cGt/f{li6«o dfGotf kfPsf] of]dxf;lGw dlxnfsf lxtdf sf];]9'ª\ufdflgG5 . ;g\ !(&( sf] l8;]Da/!* df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dxf;efåf/fo;nfO{ kfl/t ul/Psf] xf] . o;nfO{

sl/a b'O{ ;o /fi6«n] ;xdlthgfO;s]sf 5g\ . g]kfnn] ;g\!((! df o;df cg'df]bg u/]sf]xf] . o;sf] cy{ g]kfnn] klg dlxnfdxf;lGwnfO{ nfu" ug'{k5{ .

;a} cfk|jf;L sfdbf/ tyfltgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] clwsf/; +/I f0 f;DaGwL cGt/f { l i6 «odxf;lGwnufot lgod–sfg'gsf]kfngf ug'{ sfdbf/ k7fpg] / dfuug]{ b'j} /fi6«sf] bfloTj xf] . oxf“:jfefljs ¿kdf k|Zg p7\5, s]xfdLn] To;sf] kfngf u/]sf 5f}+ <jf c¿n] u/]–gu/]sf] cg'udg u/]sf

5f}+ < 5}g eGg] hjfkmn] ;a}nfO{b'MvL agfpg' :jfefljs xf] .

dxf;lGw cg'df]bg ePkl5lje]bk"0f{ ;a} /fli6«o sfg'g :jtMab/ x ' G5g \ / cGt/f { l i6 «osfg'gcg';f/ tL ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wgul/G5 . o; cy {df dlxnflx+;flj?4sf ;a} d'2fdf /fHosf]bfloTj 5 . of ] dxf;lGwnfO{dlxnfsf] dfgjclwsf/ ;+/If0fPj+ ;Da4{g ug] { b:tfj]hsf¿kdf ;d]t lnOG5 . o;y{,/ fHon ] cfk |j f;L dlxnfsf ]k|Zgdf klg r'k nfUg ldNb}g .

o'lgkm]dsL sfo{qmd ;+of]hs;? hf]zL elG5g\— …cfk|jf;n]dlxnfnfO{ ;dfgtf / ;zQmagfp“5, t/ xfd|f w]/} lbbLalxgL;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] kx'“raf6 6f9f/ Go"g Hofnfbf/Ldf sfd ug{ ljjz5g\, cbIf sfdbf/sf ¿kdf ljb]zuPsf 5g\ . b]zdf pRr:t/Lo;+oGq lgdf{0f u/L sfdbf/ hfg];DalGwt b]z;“u bf}To ;DaGw:yfkgf ug'{k5{ . cfkm\gf gful/ssf]l:ylt s] 5 eg]/ cg'udg ug]{bfloTj /fHosf] xf] .Ú

ljZjdf cfly{s s"6gLltsf]s'/f] rln/x“bf g]kfn eg] >d;xr/Lsf] Joj:yf ug{ g;s]/cNdln/x ]sf ] 5 . dGqfno–dGqfnoaLr d]n gx“'bf ljb]zdfa:g] gful/ssf ;d:ofdf /fHoa]va/ 5 . k//fi6« dGqfnosfk|jQmf ofbj vgfn eG5g\—…sfdbf/sf] /]vb]v ug]{ lhDdf >ddGqfnos} xf], t/ >d dGqfnoeg] k//fi6«sf] x:tIf]k eof] eGg]

k|Tof/f]k u5{ .ÚclwjQmf ;kgf dNn k|wfgsf

cg';f/ cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf s]xLjif {otf dxf;lGwn] cfk|jf;Ldlxnfsf d'2f x]l//x]sf ] 5 .dxf;lGw kfl/t ubf{ cfk|jf;sf]vf;} ;d:of gePsfn] Totf WofglbOPsf] lyPg . dNn elG5g\—…ljZjdf g} dlxnf sfdbf/ a9]kl5of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/, 3/]n' lx+;f,a]rlavgdf kfl/g]h:tf ;d:ofa9]sf 5g\ .Ú tL d'2fnfO{ klg l;8n];d]6\g'kg]{ ts{ dNnsf] 5 .

To;f ] t g ]k fnn ] k lgdxf;lGwnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ s]xLsfo {qmd agfPsf ] 5 . h:t};jf]{Rrn] dxf;lGwnfO{ JofVof u/]/@) j6f d'2fsf] km};nf ;'gfPsf]5, t/ tL kof{Kt eg] 5}gg\ .of}ghGo zf]if0f cGTo x'g'kg] {,lg lZrt 3G6f;Dd sfddfnufpg'kg]{, dlxnf ;]jf z'Ns sdlng'kg ] { , dlxnfnfO { lglZrtsf]6fsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{, sfd ug{grfx“bf ;DalGwt b]z kms{gkfpg'kg]{h:tf s'/f l;8sf ljifodfu}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] agfPsf] 5fofk | ltj]bgdf klg cfPsf ] 5 .cfk |jf;L dlxnfsf ] clwsf/;'lglZrt ug]{ lhDdf /fHosf] xf] .an /fHos} sf]6{df 5, uf]n klg/fHon] g} ug'{k5{ . olb g]kfnn]cfk|jf;Lsf ¿kdf /x]sf dlxnfsf]lxtdf sfd ug{ pko'Qm ;+oGqagfpg ;Sb}g eg] o'lgkm]dh:tf/fi6«;+3Lo lgsfo;“u ;fem]bf/Lsf]xft cl3 a9fpg'k5{ .

;~rfl/sf n]vdfnf÷;~rfl/sf ;d"x

cf]em]ndf k/]sf cfk|jf;L dlxnf

k/fO{ d'6' hf]8\g'/}Ú5hLjge/ Kof/ lbg] jfrf–s;d tf]8\g'/}Ú5d cfkmGt lsg x'Gy+] k/fO{ d'6' hf]8\g'/}Ú5b]p/fnLsf] rf}tf/Ldf ;w}+–;w}+ e]6 uYof{}+cfh lg kv{ eGof} cGt} kfOnf df]8\g'/}Ú5d cfkmGt lsg x'Gy+] k/fO{ d'6' hf]8g'/}Ú5?“bf kL8fdf d ltdL ;fy} x'GYof}+ t v}lsg ;fy cfof} t lg d]/f] dg kmf]g{'/}Ú5d cfkmGt x'Gy+] k/fO{ d'6' hf]8\g'/}Ú5dfof x'Gg s;}sf] xfdL klg ;“u} afrf}+em"6f] jrg lsg lbof} cGt} dfof uf]8\g'/}Ú5d cfkmGt lsg x'Gy+] k/fO{ d'6' hf]8\g'/}5

xªsªdf a;f]af; ug]{ g]kfnL dlxnfx¿ Ps ;df/f]xdf /dfOnf] ub}{ .

Page 16: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006

hLjgsf] uf]/]6f]

;Gb]z –ljljw !*

ls/0f, Tof] lbg h] eof] Tof]Pp6f cfj]u lyof] . d}n] cfkm"nfO{;DxfNg ;lsg / Tof] af9LdfltdLnfO{ klg aufP/ nu+] . ljZjf;u/ d ltdLnfO{ 8'afpg rfxGg .d ltd|f] hLjgsf] gfp cfkm} lvofP/kf/ nufpg]5' .

P;k/fof dflg; cfkm\gf] dflg;

t ;w} cfkm\g} x'G5 t/ ltdLn]slxNn} dk|lt cfkm\gf]kgsf] Jojxf/b]vfPgf} . ltdLh:tf] :jfyL{ /cj;/jfbL dflg; of] ;+;f/df lj/n}x'G5g\ . ltdL s;}sf] x'g ;Sb}gf},d]/f] t s] s'/f < h;n] ltdLnfO{a'em\5 p;n] ltdLk|lt 3[0ff g} ug]{5 .

ltd|f] 3[l0ft k|fl0fdf ]6 f ] / f ]nf df ]a fOn,

;fKtflxs ;fyLsf nflu kmd{gfd M =================================================================================================

pd]/ M =============================== prfO M ================================================

k];f M =============================== lzIff M =================================================

:jefj M============================= j}jflxs l:ylt M ==================================

cle?lr M ===========================================================================================

j0f{ M ================================= =

Od]n M ===============================================================================================

7]ufgf M===============================================================================================

tkfO{+ s:tf] ;fyLsf] vf]hLdf x'g'x'G5 <

===========================================================================================================

===========================================================================================================

gf]6 M tl:a/ / gub ?= %).– clgjfo{ 5 . cfkm"n] pNn]v ug{ rfx]sf]yk ljj/0f 5'§} kfgfdf k7fpg ;lsg]5 .

;fKtflxs ;fyL

P;PdP;df sf]8 efiff, :s'ndfsf]8 efiff, SoflG6gdf 8an cy{nfUg] ;Djfb, d t x}/fg e};s]+ .ltdLn] eGg vf]h]sf] s'/f s] xf] <:ki6;“u eg, d a'em\g rfxG5' .ca w]/} kx]nL ga'emfpm .

PnhL df]afOns], dnfO{ dfkm ul/b]pm, d]/f

nf]eL gh/ sxL+, st}=== d kfkL klgxf]Og, :jfyL{ klg xf]Og g t d wf]s]jfhg} x'“ . d ltdLnfO{ Tolt g} dfof u5'{hlt klxn] uy+]{ . lalne ld of/ .

h]=sfn] g}gf] afnL, ltdLn] d]/f]

xf]; p8fof}, d]/f] lgGb|f v]:of}, d]/f]r}g n'6\of} t/ klg d v';L 5' lsgxf]nf < d cfkm} klg cfkm"nfO{n'6fpg, u'dfpg tof/ 5' . of] k|]deGg] s'/} o:t} /}Ú5 .

sfnf] x]nd]6;'Gb/ zfGt Pj+ ;DkGg

g]kfnsf] eljio lgdf{0fdf nfu]sfx¿nfO{d]/f] ;nfd . ca emu8f, ljjfb cflbs]xL gu/L sd;]sd !% jif{ k|ultsfnflu sfd u/]/ b]vfOb]cf], To;kl5 h]u/] klg x'G5 laGtL .

;r]t gful/s;fljqL, hGdlbgsf] d+undo

z'esfdgf . lg/Gt/ k|ult u/ ;'vL/ v';L /x' .

sdn

kfpg] M

;Gb]z M

k7fpg] M

s'kg ;Gb]z

k|lt ;Gb]z ?= @)÷— clgjfo{

;fKtflxsn] of] jif{b]lv c+u|]hL Sofn]G8/sf] gof“ jif{ tyflqm;d; 8]sf cj;/df klg kf7sx¿n] cfkmGtx¿;Dd

z'esfdgf ;Gb]z k7fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf ldnfPsf]n] @% l8;]Da/df dgfOg]lqm;d; 8]sf cj;/df z'esfdgf k7fpg rfxg] kf7sn] k'; @ ut]cfOtaf/;Dd tyf gof“ jif{ @))& sf nflu k'; ( ut] cfOtaf/;Dddfcfkm\gf z'esfdgf ;Gb]z pknAw u/fOlbg'xg' cg'/f]w 5 . –

;Dkfbs

cg'/f]w

P p 6 fl g h Lc:ktfndfkl/r/sf¿ k d fsfo{/t @#j i f L { o/ f d b f ;rf}w/Ln] ljBfno;Ddsf] cWoogu/]sf 5g\ . cfkm"eGbf 7"nfnfO{cfb/ ug]{ tyf ;fgfnfO{ dfof ug]{:jefjsf rf}w/L kqklqsf k9\gPj+ ;+uLt ;'Gg ?lr /fV5g\ . rf}w/Ls'ntdf gnfu]sf tyf ldqsf] dxŒja'em]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ kf]v/fl:ytlkm:6]n c:ktfndf kqfrf/ ug{cg'/f]w u5{g\ .

;dfh;]jLsf¿ k d fc f k m \ g f ];fj{hlgsh L j gk | f / D eu/]sf @!j i f L { o

/fdk |;fb kGt k |jL0ftfk|df0fkqtxdf cWoog/t 5g\ .…cGhfg jgjf;LÚsf pkgfdn] ;d]tkl/lrt kGt e|d0f, ;dfh;]jf Pj+kqldqtfdf ?lr /fV5g\ . % lkm6!) OGr cUnf kGt 5"jf5"tsf] efjgfg/fVg] tyf kqldqtfnfO{ bL3{hLjLagfpg] ;fyLsf] vf]hLdf 5g\ .kGtnfO{ kf]:6 aS; gDa/ !!!$)l8NnLahf/df ;Dks{ /fVg ;lsG5 .

sIff!@ dfcWoog/t@! jifL {od l ~ h tyfkf …/d]zÚ% lkm6 ^OGr cUnf5 g \ .x“l;nf :jefjsf cljjflxt yfkf;Rrf ;fyLsf] vf]hLdf 5g\ . cfkm"h:t} x“l;nf, b'Mvdf ;fy lbg];fyLsf] vf]hLdf /x]sf yfkfnfO{la|lnoG6 dlN6kn sn]h, l;kmnsf7df8f}+df kqfrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

df]x cZnLn klqsfsf]lzj zdf{

kf ]v/f– of }jgfj:yfn ]5f]k]kl5 of}g rfxgf / pT;'stfa9 \g ' :jfef ljs xf ] . x/ ]so'jfo'jtLx¿ tGg]/L ePkl5 of}glqmofsnfkk|lt ?lr /fVg yfN5g\ .o;sf nflu pgLx¿ a9LeGbf a9L1fg a6'Ng vf]H5g\ . To;sf nflupgLx¿ of}ghGo pkGof;x¿vf]hL–vf]hL k9\5g\ .

cfhef]ln ;x/–ahf/df of}glzIf f lbg ] gfddf cZnLnkqklqsfx¿sf] Jofkf/ a9]sf] 5 .cfj/0fdf sfd's tl:a/ ePsfk':tsx¿ ahf/df 5\ofK5\ofKtLkfOG5g \ . o:tf cZnLnkqklqsfx¿sf ] k |sfzg klgkl5Nnf ] ;dodf lgs} a9]sf ]b]lvG5 . k':ts k;nx¿df klgof }g pQ ]hs tl:a/ ePsfk ':tsx¿ lgs} kmf ]s; u/ ]//flvG5 . x/]s k':ts k;ndf w]/}sfgh/ of}g pQ]hs k':tsx¿df g}k/]sf] x'G5 . sltn] lgofnL–lgofnLkfgf kN6fP/ ltg} k':ts x]5{g\ .sf]xL eg] l5 slt cZnLn < eg]/ufnL u5{g\ . h;n] h'g ¿kdf x]/]klg o:t} kqklqsfsf u|fxs a9L

5g\ . o:tf cZnLn kqklqsfvf]Hg cfpg] u|fxsx¿df !^b ] lv @% jif {sf cljjf lxto'jfo'jtLx¿sf] ;+Vof w]/} ePsf]:yfgLo Jofkf/Lx¿ atfp“5g\ .

s]xL jo:s k'?if tyfdlxnfx¿n] klg o:tf vfnsfkqklqsfx¿ k9\g] ?lr /fv]sf]kfOG5 . k;ndf cfpg] u|fxsx¿cZnLn kqklqsf vl/b ug{cK7\of/f] dx;'; ug]{ x'gfn] pgLx¿n's]/ vl/b u5{g\ . cZnLn klqsfk9\g] rfxgf /fv] klg vl/b ug{;+sf]r dfGg]x¿ klg k|z:t} 5g\ .ljb]zaf6 dfq xf]Og :jb]zaf6 klgsfd 'stf emNsg ] klqsfx¿k|sfzgsf] xf]8afhL rn]sf] 5 .

hlt sfd'stf lbg ;Sof] klqsfsf]Jofkf/ Tolt g} a9L x'G5 eGg]xf]8df k|sfzsx¿ nflu/x]sf 5g\ .

Psflt/ o;/L of}g;DaGwLsfd's klqsfsf] xf]8afhL rln/x]sf]5 csf{lt/ To:tf kqklqsfx¿dfdf]8nx¿sf] :jLs[lt lagf rl/qxTof ug]{ lsl;dn] tl:a/ 5fk]/abgfd ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . Tof]kL8faf6 kf]v/fsL df]8n ;lsnfu'?ª klg c5"t /lxgg\ . pgsf]:jLs[lt lagf g} …of}jgsf] Jofkf/Úgfds k':tsdf pgsf] tl:a/cfj/0fd} /flvof] . o;/L cfk\mgf]:jLs[lt lagf cZnLn klqsfdfcfk\mgf] tl:a/ b]v]kl5 pgL b'MvL /cfqmf]lzt eOg\ . :yfgLo j]e;fO6

kf]v/f l;6Ln] kmf]6f];];g u/fPsf]tl:a/nfO{ klqsfn] 5fk]]sf] xf] .cZnLn klqsfx¿sf] sfof{nodf uP/5fkf gdfl/Psf] klg xf]Og t/ clxn]cfP/ bf ]Aa/ ;+Vofdf To:tfklqsfx¿sf] k|sfzg Pj+ laqmL–ljt/0f e}/x]sf] 5 .

hfgsf/x¿ o;n ] of }gck/fwnfO { a9fjf lb Ps f ]atfp“5g\ t/ uf]/vfsf /fh]zs];L eG5g\– o;n] of}g 1fgklg lbPsf] 5 . o'jtLx¿;“u o;lsl;dsf klqsfsf af/]df lh1f;f/fVg vf]Hbf pgLx¿ gfhjfkmx ' G 5g \ . o :t f k l qs f x¿k|sfzg g} gx'g] xf] eg] xfdLn]laqmL ug' { kb } {gYof ] {– k ':tslaqm]tfx¿ o:t} hjfkm lbG5g\ .

clwsf+z cZnLn klqsf/fhwfgLaf6 /+uLg sn]j/df lg:sg]u/]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;dodf gUgtl:a/ ePsf pkGof;x¿ klgk|sfzg x'g] qmd TolQs} a9]sf]5 . o'jfo'jtLx¿n] t vf]hL–vf]hLsfd's pkGof; g} k9\g] u/]sf] PscWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . ljb]zaf6klg TolQs} dfqdf sfd's pkGof;tyf k':tsx¿ cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

:tAwtf

d :tAw 5' s]xL ;f]Rg} ;s]sf]5}g, g t n]Vg g} . n]v"“ eg] yfxf5}g slt n]V5', ;f]r]+ eg] nfU5—lhGbuL o;/L ;f]r]/ g} latfOlbG5'xf]nf . d]/f nflu sf]xL af“r]sf] 5of] ;+;f/df, d]/f nflu Pp6f km"nkm'ln/x]sf] 5 . s'/f w]/} cl3sf]xf]Og . d ;w}++ wfs nufp“y]+ . ds]xL u/L klg kfun x'Gg“, t/ cfhljjztfn] dnfO{ kfunsf] ;+1f lbgklg kl5 k/]g . d lrlGbg“ p;nfO{ .;a}eGbf crDd t s] 5 eg] dpm;“u cem};Dd af]]n]sf] klg 5}g .

piffsf nfnLx¿nfO{ afbnn]wkSs 9fs]sf] 5 . cfsfzlt/ x]/];xh} cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5—kfgL cem} /f]lsg]5}g . sLlt{k'/sf]a;fO . gof“ahf/ Onfsfdf cfP/uf8L r9\g k'u]+ . d;“u Ps hgf;fyL klg lyof], pm k5fl8 uof] .d}n] cufl8sf] l;6df cf“vf uf8]+,b]a|]lt/sf] l;6df Ps o'jtL a;]sLlyOg\, csf]{ vfnL lyof] . d}n] ToxL+a:g] cf“6 u/]+— …of] l;6 vfnL xf] <Ús]xL x8al8Psf] cg'ej lyof] t/klg p;n] hjfkm lbO{— …vfnL xf]t/ †Ú d k'gM k||Zg ;f]Wg k'u]+—…lsg <Ú …oxf“ kfgL cfp“5,Ú pgn]hjfkm lbOg\ .

aflx/ kflg kl//x]sf] lyof],t/ klg uf8Ldf dfG5]sf] eL8 a9\b}uPsfn] dnfO{ To;sf] s'g} kjf{xePg . d ToxL+ uP/ a;]+ . sltaHof] xf]nf < dnfO{ ;dosf] vf“rf]

lyof ] . pgn ] xftsf ] 38Lb]vfOlbOg\ . P3f/ ah]/ kGw| ldg]6uPsf] /x]5 . dnfO{ clkm; k'Ug'lyof], Tof]eGbf c¿ s'g} s'/fsf]kjf{x lyPg . PSsfl; xfd|f cf“vfh'Wg k'u] . nfUYof], pgn] an u/]/dnfO{ g} x]/]sL x'g\ . d s]xL af]Ngvf]h]+, t/ c;Dej † ;Sb} ;lsg“,slt k|of; u/]+ ;Sb} ;lsg“ . uf8Lcfkm\g} ultdf cl3 a9\of] .

a;df df lg; vrfvrel/Psf lyP . sltn] o;f] xfdLlt/cf“vf 8'nfp“y]+, ;fob pgLx¿dfklg d]/f] kfunkgsf] k|efj k/]sf]lyof] xf]nf . d nlHht x'Gy]+ clge'O“lt/ cf“vf uf“8\y]+ . d}n] pgnfO{x]l//x]+ . nfUYof] pgL klg dnfO{58\s] cf“vfn] x]l//x]sL l5g\ . uf8LaNv'–sflndf6L x' “b } lqk'/]Zj/cfOk'Ubf k'gM xfd|f cf“vf h'w] . To;a]nf klg d af]Ng vf]h]+, pgsf]x]/fOdf cfTdLotf emNsGYof] . pgLefj's lyOg\ . d km]l/ pgL;“u af]Ngvf]h]+ t/ c;Dej † To; a]nfsf]k|of; klg c;kmn eof] .

em's]/ pgsf] emf]nf x]y]{ + .v'hd'lhPsf] pgsf] emf]nfn] dnfO{g} x]/]h:tf] nfUYof], clg km]l/ af]Ngvf]h]+ t/ klg ;lsg“ . s:tf] dfG5]d . d st} cfkm+}nfO{ 9f“l6/x]sf]5}g < d o:t} x/k|sf/sf t/Ësf];fdgf ub}{ cfkm}+;“u xfl//x]sf] lyP“ .

d]/f] ;fyL /Tgkfs{df em¥of] .d k'gM pgsf] cg'xf/ lgofNg k'u]+ .d nlHht klg eOg“, nfUYof] dpgnfO{ dg k/fpg yfn]sf] lyP“ .o:tf] klg x'“bf] /x]5 . v} s'g xfjfn]dnfO{ To:tf] u/fof] / lsg dpgLk|lt To;/L cfslif{t eP“ <dnfO{ g} yfxf 5}g . dnfO{ hdndfemg' { lyof] . hdn cfpg a]/nfu]g . d hdndf emg{sf nflu;fgf] af6f] dfUb} lyP . o;/L defjgfsf] TofGb|f] tfGb} pgL;“u5'l§P/ w]/} 6f9f k'u]+ . yfxf 5}g,d}n] lsg To:tf] u/]+ / To;kl5pgn] s] ul/g\ < nfU5 pgn] klgdnfO{ la;{g ;s]sL 5}gg .

d a;af6 embf { pgn ]

Psk6s dnfO{ x]/]sL lyOg\, t/d}n] cf“vfn] EofpGh]n x]/]+ . xf], d}n]cf“vfn] EofpGh]n x]/]sf] lyP“ . ;a}If0f Ps} vfnsf x'“b}gg\ . s'g} If0ft rfx]/ klg e'Ng klg g;Sg]vfnsf x'“bf /x]5g\ . Tof] If0f d}n]e'Ng} ;s]sf] 5}g .

–aL

c6'6 ofqfxfd|f] ldngn] olt rf“8} k|]dsf]

¿k n]nf eGg] d}n] ;f]r]sf] lyOg .sl/a tLg dlxgf klxn] cWoogsf]l;nl;nfdf pgL sf7df8f}+ lelqPsLlyOg\ . ;'?df d}n] pgLk|lt em\ofKk}dfof b;f{pg ;lsg“ . xfdL Pp6}3/sf] tn–dfly a:Yof}+ . pgL d]/LlbbLsf] glhssL gft]bf/ lyOg\ t/xfdL eg] pQm gftfaf6 6f9} lyof}+ .lbgx'“sf] e]63f6n] xfdLdf k|]dsf]efjgf knfPsf] g t pgnfO{ yfxflyof] g t dnfO{ g} . b'O{–tLg jif{klxn] d}n] pgnfO{ cfkm\g} 3/dfb]v]sf] lyP“ . Tof] a]nf d}n] pgnfO{;fdfGo ;fyL jf kfl/jfl/s gftfdfdfq} hf]8 lbPsf] lyP“ . Ps lbgd}n] pgnfO{ k"hfsf] cj;/df pgs}dfjnLdf e]6]sf] lyP“ . pgn] d]/f]xft ;dfP/ dnfO{ cfkm" glhs}/fvL w]/} s'/f u/]sL lyOg\ .

cfh xfd|f] ldng plQs} uf9f/ :g]xk"0f{ 5 . pgL / d]/f] e]6lbgx'“ e}/xG5 . xfdLaLr slxn]dfof t slxn] Jofjxfl/stfsf;DaGwdf s'/f x'G5g\ . pgn] d'vn];a} s'/f geg] klg d'xf/ / cf“vfn]g} xfdLaLrsf] gftfnfO{ cleJoQmu5{ . d pgnfO{ ;fx|} dfof u5'{ .d of] ;DaGwnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{hLjge/ pgLk|lt g} ;dlk{t x'grfxG5 ' . xfdL ;fgf ltgf ,lemgfdl;gf s'/f klg Pscsf{nfO{eGb} To;sf] ;fdfwfg vf]H5f}+ . dcfkm\gf] cWoogdf s]lGb|t 5' .pgsf] dfof / :g]xn] dnfO{ d]/f]hLjg / cWoogdf pmhf{ yk]sf]5 . xfd|f] ;DaGwnfO{ ;fy lbg] pgs}efO 5g\ hf] d]/f lgs6td ;fyLklg x'g\ . pgn] xfdLaLr kg]{cK7\of/fx¿sf] ;dfwfg ul/lbG5g\ .pgL klg xfd|f] ;DaGwnfO{ lg/Gt/tflbg rfxlG5g\ .

–hd'

Page 17: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006lh1f;f÷kfnf] !(ljjfxk"j{sf] of}g;DaGw slQsf] plrt xf] <

ca xfd|f] kfnf]of] :tDedf xfdLn] /fv]sf k|Zgsf] #) zAbdf ga9fO{ pQ/k7fpg'kg]{5 . k|To]s pQ/sf ;fydf cfk\mgf] k"/f gfd, 7]ufgf /pd]/ n]Vg glal;{g'xf]nf . k|Zg gDa/ Ps ;w}+ cfufdL k|Zgsf¿kdf /xg]5 . Pp6f kfgfdf Pp6f pQ/ dfq :jLsf/ ul/g]5 .!= s] u/] k};f sdfOG5 <@= ;kmn dfG5] x'g s] ug'{k5{ <#= k'?ifsf] JolQmTj s]df x'G5 <$= /S;L / o'jtLdWo] s] sf] nt -g;f_ vt/gfs < lsg <%= tkfO{+nfO{ s]n] ;'vL / ;Gt'i6 agfp“5 <^= s] /S;L jf gzfn] b'Mv e'Ng ;lsG5 <&= g]kfndf v]ns'bsf] ljsf;sf nflu s] ug'{k5{ <*= dlxnfx¿nfO{ ## k|ltzt cf/If0f slt plrt xf], lsg <(= tkfO{+ k|wfgdGqL eP s] ug'{x'G5 <!)= s]6f / s]6Lsf nflu ljjfx ug]{ plrt pd]/ s'g xf] < lsg <

ljNs'n} cg'lrt, lsglso;af6 pTkGg x 'g ] ;d:ofvt/gfs x'G5 .

;'bz{g vltj8f, g'jfsf]6lhGbuLsf] dHhf g} OGHjfOdf

5, t;y{ plrt xf] .;'jf; yfkf -!(_, kf]v/f

cfjZostf t 5}g, t/ s;}sf]OR5f k"/f x'G5 eg] k|:tfj :jLsf/u/] s]xL km/s kb}{g .

/fh' uf}td, v}/xgL, lrtjgdnfO{ of] k|Zgsf] pQ/ cfPg,

To;}n] kf; u5'{ . a? pQ/rflx“eGg' g ;DkfbsHo" <

;'gLn d+u|ftL -!^_, sf7df8f+}Psbd plrt xf] .

;/f]h d}gfnLdnfO{ /fd|f] nfU5, lsgls

ljjfxk"j{ of}g;DaGw /fVg ;lsof]eg] cg'ejL algG5 / eljiodfo:tf] sfddf km]n eO“b}g .

niphop–[email protected]

cg ' lrt xf ] . lsgeg ]sf/0fjz of}g;DaGwaf6 ue{ /xguP ;dfhdf ckx]ngf x'G5 .n'sLl5kL cbIf k|fljlwsaf6ue{ktg u/fpg jf cj}w lzz'sf]hGd lbP ;dfhdf lt/:s[t x'g'k5{ .gjhft lzz'sf] xTofdf k/L sfg'gLh~hfndf km:g'k5{ .

lr/~hLjL /]UdL -@#_, slknj:t'cfwf /fd|f], cfwf g/fd|f] .

zfGtf uf}rg -@#_, xNbLaf/L, emfkfg]kfnsf] kl/k|]Iodf ljjfxcl3sf]

of}g;DaGw Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf klgplrt 5}g, lsgeg] Ps}l5gsf]c;fjwfgLsf sf/0f hLjg g} aaf{bx'g klg ;S5 .

afnd's'Gb clwsf/Lof}g cfwf/e"t cfjZostf g}

xf] . s] of] ljjfx x'g' / gx'g';“u;DalGwt 5 / <

dx]z lu/L -@)_, :ofª\hfcfkm\gf nflu t plrt g}

x'G5, t/ cfkm"n] ljjfx ug]{ s]6Lsfnflu cg'lrt x'G5 .o'j/fh Gof}kfg] -@)_ anfd, :ofª\hf

plrt xf] . ljjfxk"j{ g} g/fv]ljjfxkl5 s;/L /fVg] <

/fhs'df/ l;+v8fv} , of ] lji fodf dnfO {

cfOl8of ePg x} .xl/Gb| sfsL{ -@@_

plrt 5}g, lsgls of] g]kfnL;+:s[ltcg's"n 5}g, o:tf] ;DaGwn]Ifl0fs ;Gt'li6 dfq lbG5 . a? o;n]cg]sg /f]u tyf emu8fsf] aLpklg /f]Kg ;S5 .

olt/fh ltldlN;gfk6Ss} 7Ls xf]Og, lsgls of] ;d:of

k|foM dlxnfx¿nfO{ k5{ . Ps t ;fdflhsdfg–dof{bfsf] bf]ifL aGg'kg]{5 . kl5 uP/Ps–csf{df dgd'6fj eof] eg] cl3a9\g] ;Defjgf sd x'G5 clg k/]g tkm;fb < ljZjf; / ;f“rf] k|]d 5 eg] t s]xLkm/s kb}{g t/ klg ;f]Rg}kg]{ x'G5 x} .

gL/h >]i7 -@)_ /fd]5fkPsbd} cg'lrt xf] . lsgls

o:tf gfhfoh ;DaGwn] ;d:ofdfq pAhG5 .

bLk]z s6'jfng]kfnL ;+:sf/n] g} glbPsf]

s'/f, plrt xf]Og ls </fd6Lsf cof{n

plrt xf], ;DaGw /fVg'k5{lsgls ljjfxcl3 of}g;DaGw/fv]kl5 ljjfx ePkl5 s;}l;tl;Sg' kb}{g .

h]kL ;fksf]6f -@)_, sfe|]plrt xf]Og . o;n] s'g} klg

dflg;sf] ;'Gb/ eljionfO{ g}cGwsf/ agfp“5 .

uf}/L ;fksf]6f, tgx'“of}g;DaGwn] b'O{ cfTdfnfO{

lgs6 agfp“5, h'g o'uf}+ o'ufGt/rln/xG5 . o:tf] ;DaGw s]jnkl/kSj hjfg o'jf–o'jtLdf x'G5 .sf]xL k|]d u/]/ of}g;Dks{ u5{g\,sf]xL of}g;Dks{ u/]/ k|]d u5{g\ .

olb b 'O { k | ]d L–k | ] ldsf aLr;dembf/Lk"0f{ of}g ;Dks{ x'G5 eg]plrt x'G5 . c;dembf/Ldf ug{vf]H5 eg] cg'lrt xf] .

dlgs Gof}kfg] -@#_, uf]/vfPsbd cg'lrt, lsgeg] hxf“

dg vf]lnG5 Toxf“ sk8f vf]ln“b}g/ hxf“ sk8f vf]lnG5 Toxf“ dgvf]ln“b}g . hLjgdf of}g g} 7"nf]s'/f xf]Og . dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f t c6'6/ cd/ ;fy xf] .

ljsf; yfkfwf]sf / k|no gx'g] u/L ug'{

plrt xf] .;'j]z e8]n -@$_

cfkm" t cfkm}+nfO{ x]/]/ lrQa'emfOG5, bfof“afof“ nfluGg .

sfzL/fd lj/;kfPsf] s;}n] 5f8\5 / < d

t kfP 5f]8\lbg“ .csa/ e8]n

k|Zg M d !& jifL{of o'jtLx'“ . d]/f] z/L/ kftnf] lsl;dsf]5 . d]/f] :tg klg ;f¥x} ;fgf] 5 .!$–!% sf] pd]/df :tgsf] cfsf/7"nf] lyof] . clxn] cfP/ cs:dft:tgsf] cfsf/df kl/jt{g cfP/;fgf] ePsf] 5, h;n] ubf{ d]/f];f}Gbo{df sdL cfPsf] 5 . z/L/klg l:nd 5, To;}n] ;fyLx¿n]lh:Sofp“5g\ . Ps k6s ;fyLsf];xfotfn] d}n] dlxgf lbg;Dd xNsf¿kdf :tgnfO{ cfkm}+ d;fh u/]+ .Tolt ubf{ klg d]/f] :tgsf] cfsf/dfkl/jt{g cfPg . :tgsf] cfsf/kl/jt{g ug{ s] ug'{knf{ < of] s]sf/0fn] ubf{ ePsf] xf] <

—lbjfgLpQ/ M dlxnfsf] 5ftLdf

ePsf b'O{j6f ljz]if u|lGynfO{ g} xfdL:tg eg]/ a'‰5f}+ . :tg lzz'sf]kf]if0fsf nflu hlt dxŒjk"0f{ 5 of}gsfb[li6sf]0fn] klg Tolt g} dxŒjk"0f{5 . ;f}Gbo{ Pj+ cfsif{0f;“u uf“l;Psfn]o;sf] gfk / cfsf/n] JolQmsf]cfTd;Ddfgdf c;/ kg{ ;S5 .JolQm–JolQmcg';f/ xfd|f] z/L/ tyfcGo c+usf] cfsf/ tyf k|sf/dfkm/s ePh:t} :tgsf] cfsf/–k|sf/klg km/s–km/s x'G5 . s'g} ;fgfx'G5g\ eg] s'g} 7"nf . To;}u/L u/Lcfs[lt klg uf]nfsf/b]lv emf]lNnPsf]klg x'g ;S5 .:tg lsg ;fgf] ePsf] <

:tgsf] ljsf;sf qmddfo;sf] cfsf/ / s8fkgdf klgkl/jt{g x'G5 . lszf]/fj:yfdfljsf; x'“bf :tgsf] tGt' a9\b} hf“bfof] uf]nfsf/ x'G5 . Tolt a]nfo;sf tGt' klg lgs} v“lbnf] x'gfn]jo:s pd]/sf dlxnfeGbf s8fx'G5 . pd]/ a9\b} uPkl5 :tgsf]v“lbnf]kg klg 36\b} hfg]] x'gfn] klxn]sf]t'ngfdf g/d x'“b} hfG5 . :tgsf]s8fkg / :tg ljsf;sf] s'g r/0fdf5 eGg] s'/f dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 .

:tgsf] cfsf/df j+zf0f'uts'/fx¿sf] k|efj Psflt/ x'G5 eg]csf{lt/ kf]if0fsf] . oL b'j}sf] ;+o'Qmk|efj :tgsf] cfsf/ lgwf{/0fdfdxŒjk"0f{ 5 . kf]if0f 7Ls gePsf]l:yltdf z/L/sf] tf}n sd x'g]dfq xf]Og, :tgsf] cfsf/df o;sf]k|efj k5{ . klxn] cfjZos tf}neP klg z/L/sf] tf}n 36\g uPsf]l:yltdf :tgsf] cfsf/df sdLcfpg ;S5 . kf]if0fsf] l:yltdf;'wf/kl5 tf}n a9\g yfn] :tgsf]cfsf/ k'/fg} cj:yfdf kms{g ;S5 .tf}ndf yf]/} dfq ptf/–r9fj x'“bf:tgdf oL kl/jt{g :ki6;“ugb]lvg klg ;S5 . tkfO{+n] prfO/ tf}n b'j}sf ;DaGwdf s]xL pNn]vgug'{ ePsfn] o; ljifodf s]xLeGg ;lsg] l:ylt ePg, t/ of] eg]kSs} eGg ;lsG5— cfkm\gf] z/L/sf]tf}nnfO{ ;xL /fVg] k|of; ug'{xf]nf .s] ;f“Rr} :tg ;fgf] ePsf] xf] t <

:tg ljsf;sf] qmddf x'g]kl/jt{gnfO{ g} slt hgfn] :tg;fgf] ePsf] dfGg ;S5g\ . tkfO{+n]cs:dft\ :tgdf kl/jt{g cfPsf]s'/f t ug'{ePsf] 5, t/ oxf“ tkfO{+n]

:tgsf] gfk klxn] slt lyof], clxn]slt 5 eGg]h:tf 7f]; s'/f pNn]vug'{ePsfn] :tg olt OGr ;fgf]ePsf] eGg ;lsg] l:ylt ePg .tkfO{+sf] z/L/sf] jhgdf s]–sltkl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f klglj:t[t ¿kdf n]Vg'ePsf] 5}g .

oxf“ csf]{ s'/f klg ljrf/ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ljz]if u/]/ jf:tljs¿kdf :tg 7 "nf ] geP klglszf]/fj:yfdf ev{/ :tgsf] ljsf;x'“bf :tg cfkm"nfO{ 7"nf] nfu]sf]

x'g;S5 . kl5 :tgsf] gfk /cfsf/df cEo:t ePkl5 Tof] l:yltcfp“b}g . lszf]/fj:yfsf] ;'?dftkfO{+df :tg 7"nf] x'g'kg]{ bafagx'g ;S5, t/ kl5 ;f] bafa a9LePsf] x'g;S5 . o;df tkfO{+dfcfd;~rf/sf dfWodsf] k|efj klgk/]sf] x'g;S5 eg] csf{lt/ tkfO{+sf]glhssf lszf]/L ;fyLx¿sf :tga9L 7"nf] ePsf] / s]6f ;fyLx¿pt} s]xL a9L cfslif{t ePsfn] klgo:tf] bafa x'g;S5 .

a'‰g'kg]{ s'/f s] xf] :tgsf]cfsf/ ;fg} eP klg :tgn]of}gcfgGb lbg, :tgkfg u/fpgjf b"w pTkfbg ug{ s'g} km/s kfb}{g .:tg cfsif{s b]vfpg] pkfox¿

cr]n z/L/rflx“ clt kftnf]t/ :tgrflx“ 7"nf rflxg] km];g5 . 5fkf jf rnlrq, 6]lnlehgdfb]lvPsf slt s'/fsf] ;Totf ljrf/gu/L To;} kl5 nfUg' x' “b}g .efUojz :tg v'nf /fVg' gkg]{ c+uePsfn] o;sf] pef/nfO{ zNolqmofg} gu/L a9L ePsf] h:tf] b]vfpg

;lsG5 . ;a}eGbf ;lhnf] t cfkm\gf]y'grf]nL -a|f_ leq sk8f, skf;jf o:t} s'g} j:t'sf] k|of]u ug'{ g};a}eGbf ;lhnf] tyf ;:tf] pkfoxf] . To;afx]s cln vr{ u/]/ To:t}j:t'sf ] k |of ]u ug{ ;lsG5 .:tgnfO{ dfyLlt/ prfNg k|of]uul/g] ;fwgx¿n] :tgsf] jf:tljscfsf/df kl/jt{g gu/] klg b]Vbf:tg 7"nf] ePh:tf] b]lvG5 /;'Gb/tfdf j[l4 x'G5 . o;} lsl;dsf]:tgnfO{ k"/} 9fSg] ;fwg klg k|of]u

ug{ ;lsG5, h;sf] d2tn] :tgb'O{ ;fOh;Dd 7"nf] ePh:tf] kfg{;lsG5 . o;}u/L cfkm\gf] jIf:yndfpef/ Nofpg afSnf] t/n l;lnsf]gePsf ;fwgx¿ klg kfOG5g\ .a|fleq nufpg ldNg] o:tf ;fwgsf]k|of]u ubf{ n'uf aflx/af6 :kz{ubf{;d]t ;lhn} jf:tljs :tg xf]jf s[lqd xf]Og, o;} eGg ;ls“b}g .oL ;fwgsf] k|of ]un] :tgsf]cfsf/nfO{ o:t} Ps jf b'O{ ;fOha9L agfpg ;lsg] ePsfn] a|f klgToxL cfsf/sf] nufpg'kg]{ x'G5 .

:tgdf nufpg] O:6«f]hgo'Qmlqmd clg kDkn] :tgsf] cfsf/a9fpg] bfaL ul/Psf] 5, t/ o;n]:tgsf] cfsf/ tyf gfkdf kfg]{:yfoL k|efjsf ;DaGwdf cem} s]xLljjfb 5 . zNolqmof u/]/ :tgsf]cfsf/ a9fpg' Ps :yfoL pkfoxf], t/ zNolqmof ug'{eGbf klxn]w]/} s'/fdf ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5,lsgls oL ljlw vlr{nf] dfq geO{zNolqmofsf gsf/fTds k|efj klgx'g ;S5g\ .

Page 18: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 20063/–kl/jf/ @)

klx/gdf nfu]sf bfuu[lx0fLn] clwsf+z ;do 3/d}

ljleGg sfd ub}{ latfpg'kg]{ x'gfn]klx/gdf bfu nfUg' :jfefljs xf] .;fgf]ltgf] nfk/afxLn] dx“ufklx/gdf ;d]t bfu nfu]/ sfdgnfUg] x'g ;S5 .

d;Lsf] bfu M ;]tf] klx/gdfd;L kf]lvgf;fy b"wn] w'g'k5{ .sfutL / g'gsf] emf]nn] ;kmf ubf{klg d;Lsf] bfu x6\5 . /ftf]d;Lsf] bfu nfu]sf] 5 eg] c08fsf];]tf] / kx]+nf] efu xfn]/ lr;f]kfgLdf ;fa'gn] w'g'k5{ .

l3p÷t]nsf] bfu M l3p÷t]nsf] bfu tftf]kfgL, ;fa'g /;f]8fn] ;lhn} x6\5 . /];dL tyfpmgL wfuf]sf sk8f ;kmf kfgLn]wf]P bfu s]xL sd x'G5 .

/utsf] bfu M ;'tL, pmgLtyf /];dL klx/gdf nfu]sf]/utsf] bfu x6fpg tftf]kfgLdfcdf]lgofsf s]xL yf]kf xfn]/w'g'k5{ . To:t} lUnl;l/g ld;fPsf]kfgLdf kvfn]/ lr;f] kfgL /;fa'gn] w'“bf /utsf] bfu x6\5 .

pkof]uL hfgsf/L;ftfsf >Ldfg\

¿kf Gof}kfg], k}+tL; jifL{ofu[lx0fL x'g\, pgnfO{ ljut tLgjif{b]lv hf]gL{x¿ b'Vg] ;d:of 5 .laxfg d'7L g} gsl:;g] u/L xftsfhf]gL{x¿ s8f x'g], b'Vg] clg ;'lGG.g]x'G5 . cf}+nfsf hf]gL{x¿ b'Vg] pgsf]k'/fgf] ;d:of xf] . kL8f sd x'g]cf}ifwL vf“bf lgsf] eP klg kl5–kl5 uf¥xf] x'“b} uPkl5 ¿kf /fhwfgLcfPsL x'g\ . ljleGg k/LIf0fu/fPkl5 pgnfO { ?df6f ]O8c/y|fOl6; ePsf] yfxf eof] .

To:t } dgdfof kl/of/5ofnL; jifL{of u[lx0fL x'g\ . pgsf];d:ofrflx“ 3'“8f / sDd/ b'Vg'xf] . dgdfofsf] sDd/ tyf 3'“8fsf]kL8f klg k'/fgf] xf] . klxn] s]xLlbg b'Vg] clg tftf]n] ;]Sg], cf/fdug]{ tyf cGo 3/]n' pkrf/ u/]kl57Ls x'GYof] t/ xfn cfP/ h] ubf{klg lgsf] gePkl5 dgdfofc:ktfn uPsL x'g\ . PS;/] tyfcGo k/LIf0f u/fPkl5 pgnfO{ cf]l:6of]c/y|fOl6; ePsf] yfxf eof] .

hf]gL{, d'VotM 3'“8f b'Vg] csf]{k|d'v /f]u xf]— afy . vf;u/L oL/f]ux¿ tL; jif{kl5 x'G5g\ . o;afx]s klg hf]gL{ b'Vg] /f]ux¿x'G5g\ . ljz]ifu/L hf8f] ofddf oL/f]ux¿ a9L b]lvG5g\ . hf8f]n] /f]u

aNemfpg]rflx“ xf]Og . hf8f]ofddfk|foM Pp6} l:yltdf w]/} a]/ grnLa:gfn] hf]gL{x¿df /f]u lj:tf/ x'g]]tyf kL8f a9L dx;'; ul/g] x'G5 .

?df6f]O8 cf/y|fOl6; -cf/=P=_ljz]ifu/L dlxnfx¿nfO{ x'g] /f]uxf ] . rf/ jf rf/eGbf ;fgfhf ]gL {x¿ ljz]ifu/L cf } +nfsfhf]gL{x¿sf] kL8f x'g] of] /f]unfu]sfnfO{ Hj/f] klg cfpg ;S5 .cf/=P= sf] pkrf/ ;dod} ug{;lsPg eg] of] vt/gfs ;fljtx'g ;S5 . cf/=P= n] l;ls:t ePsfla/fdLdWo] krf; k|ltztsf] d[To'kf“r jif{leq} x'g ;Sg] ePsfn]hlt;Sbf] rf“8f] pkrf/ ug'{kg]{x'G5 . of] /f]u nfu]sf] a]nf gf8Lsf]5]p5fp ;–;fgf uf9f u]8Lx¿klg b]lvG5g\ . z/L/sf] tf}n 36\g',x8\8L lvO“b} hfg', /QmcNktf, ?3fnfUg', d'6' b'Vg] h:tf nIf0f klgb]lvg ;S5 .

cf]l:6of] cf/ k|fOl; -cf]=P=_x8\8L lvOg] Pp6f /f]u xf] . h'gkfsf pd]/sf dlxnfx¿df a9Lx'G5 . ;'?–;'?df Ps–b'O{ lbg 3'“8fb'Vg] / cfkm} lgsf] x'g] t/ lj:tf/}–lj:tf/} /f]u a9\b} hfg] x'G5 . /f]ua9\b} uPkl5 s]xL lbgsf] cGt/dfg} 3'“8f b'Vg] tyf kL8f w]/} lbg;Dd

/xg] x'G5 . of] /f]u w]/} vt/gfsgeP klg kL8f vKg} g;Sg] x'G5 ./f]un] k|foM 3'8f, sDd/nfO{ c;/ug]{ x'G5 / hf]gL{ ;'lGgg], Hj/f]cfpg] klg x'g ;S5 .

/utdf o'l/s Pl;8sf] dfqfa9L eP/ df]gf];f]l8od o'/]6 gfdslqm:6n hf]gL{x¿df /x]sf] ;fgf]leonkmn'8df hDgfn] x'g] hf]gL{sf] kL8ftyf /f]unfO{ afy/f]u elgG5 .afyn] d'VotM s'g} Pp6f dfqhf]gL{nfO{ c;/ u5{ . of] /f]usf]kL8frflx+ b'O{b]lv 5 3G6fleq} ;xg}g;lsg] x'G5 . hf]gL{ ;'lGgg] tyf/ftf] x'g] x'G5 . /utdf o'l/s Pl;8sf]dfqf ;ft k|ltzteGbf a9L eP afyx'g;S5 . afy dlxnfx¿nfO{ eGbfk'?ifx¿nfO{ a9L x'G5 .pkrf/

hf]gL{x¿sf] kL8f ljleGg/f]un] x'g ;S5 . tTsfn kL8f sdug{ tftf] kfgL Aofudf /fv]/ ;]Sg],cf/fd ug]{ . cf}ifwLx¿ k|of]u u/]k lg lrlsT;ssf ] ;NnfxcTofjZos x'G5 . cf/y|fOl6;-cf/=P_ h:tf] vt/gfs /f]usfnflu nfdf] cjlw;Dd cf}ifwLx¿vfg'kg]{ tyf ;fdfGo zNolqmof klgug' {kg] { x 'g ;S5 . cf ];l6of ]cf/y|fOl6; -cf]=P=_ cf]l:6of]dfOnfOl6;sf h:tf /f]usf nflucf}ifwL;“u} lkmlhof]y]/fkL klg ug'{kg]{x'G5 . afy/f]usf nflu klg nfdf];do;Dd cf}ifwL vfg'kg]{ x'G5 .

hf ]g L {s f ] k L8 fdf s ]x L:6f]/f]O8 klg vfg'kg]{ x'g;S5 .To:tf cf}ifwLx¿ hlt lbg h'gtl/sfn] vfg lbOPsf] xf], To;/Lg} ;]jg ug'{k5{ . csf]{ kN6 km]l/kL8f ePsf a]nf lrlsT;ssf];Nnfx lagf g} cfkm} tL cf}ifwLvfg ' x ' “ b }g . lr lsT;ssf ];Nnfxlagf cfkm}+n] bafO{ vfg'vt/gfs ;flat x'g ;S5 .

–afns[i0f ;fx

clxn] s] ub{} x'g'x'G5 <w]/ } ;do t Ao '6L ; }n 'gsf ]/ ]vb]vdf ;+nUg x' “b } laT5 .To;afx]s cfkm\gf] lghL sfo{ klgug}{k¥of] . To;}n] d clxn] o:t}3/fo;L sfdd} Jo:t 5' .ljjfx x'“bf tkfO{+ s] ug{'x'GYof] <d b]x/fb'gaf6 km/]:6«L clkm;/sf]df:6;{ 6« ]lgª ;s]/ Onfdkl5;'g;/Lsf] kf]l:6ªdf lyP“ . pgLTolta]nf rf}w jif{sL lyOg\ / sIffcf7df k9\b} lyOg\ .klxnf] e]63f6 sxf“ ePsf] lyof] <d clkm;sf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf;'g;/Ldf lyP“, pgL :s'nsf] 5'§LdflyOg\ . ToxL l;nl;nfsf] e]63f6 8]9jif{kl5 ljjfxdf kl/jt{g ePsf] xf] .cGt/hftLo ljjfx ;Dej eof] t <klxn] t b'j}tkm{af6 lj/f]w cfof] .t}klg ¿l9jfbL wf/0fflj?4 xfdLcfkm\gf] lg0f{odf ljrlnt geO{cl8u /x\of} + . cGTodf b'j}sf]

3/kl/jf/n] em'Sg'k¥of] .sdnf >]i7nfO{ j}jflxs hLjgdfs:tf] kfpg'ePsf] 5 <pgnfO{ d}n] >LdtL, ;fyL Pj+;xof]uLsf ¿kdf x/]s kfOnfdfkfO/x]sf] 5' . s'g} afwf lagf xfdLclxn];Dd ;kmn ofqfdf 5f}+ .>LdtLsf] sfdsf ;DaGwdf s]eGg'x'G5 <o; If]qdf pgL d]/} ;xdltdf cl3a9]sL x'g\ . To;df d Psbd} v';L/ ;Gt'i6 5' . d pgL cem cl3a9"g\ eGg] sfdgf klg u5'{ .j}jflxs hLjg s:tf] 5 <;fgf] sfd ubf{ klg Ps–csf{ lagfug{ cfTdfn] klg dfGb}g . ;fg}pd]/df ljjfx ePsfn] klg xf]nf dpgsf] klt / cleefjs} ¿kdf 5' .pxf“ ;f¥x} Jo:t eP/ 3/df ;dolbg g;Sbf s:tf] nfU5 <;fdfGo ¿kdf Pp6L dlxnfn]3/nfO{ hlt ;do lblG5g\, pgn]lbg t ;lSbgg\ t/ cg's"ntfldnfP/ ;do lgsfln/x]sL l5g\ .d]/f] hflu/] hLjgdf d klg slxn]b]zsf lhNnf–lhNnfdf lyP“ tslxn] ljb ]zdf, To;}n ] d }n ]clxn];Dd u'gf;f] u/]sf] 5}g .Pp6L sfdsfhL dlxnfnfO{ >Ldfg\sf];xof]u slQsf] cfjZos x'G5 <>Ldfg\–>LdtL eg]sf Ps} l;Ssfsfb'O{ kf6f x'g\ . To;dfly xfd|f] h:tf]v'§f tfGg] tyf Oiof{ ePsf] ;dfhdft >Ldfg\sf] ;xof]u cjZo g}rflxG5 .ljjfxb]lv clxn];Dd >LdtLdf s:tf]kl/jt{g kfpg'ePsf] 5 <;fg} pd]/df ljjfx u/]/ klg xf]nfd}n] pgdf kl/kSjtf kfPsf] lyOg .clxn] pd]/cg';f/ w]/} g} kl/kSjtfcfPsf ] 5 t/ pgL ;fg}b ] lva'emSs8 / cfÎgf] ljrf/df b[9:jefjsL lyOg\ . ljjfxkl5 d cfkm"lxl8/xg' kg]{ ePsfn] klxn] pgnfO{xf]:6]ndf /fvL dfWolds lzIff k"/fug{ nufP“, kl5 pgn] :gfts;Ddsf]

lzIff k"/f ul/g\ .>Ldfg\–>LdtL b'j} sfdsfhL x'“bf5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ x'sf{pg uf¥xf] ePg <hflu/df klg k|z:t ;'ljwf lyof],To;dfly tkfO{+ kTofpg x'Gg xf]nf d5f]/fsf] /]vb]vdf k|z:t ;do lbGy+] .>LdtLnfO{ ;f}Gbo{sf] If]qdf s;/Lk|j]z u/fpg'eof] <@)#@ ;fndf o'=Pg= sf] hflu/sfqmddf ;kl/jf/ yfONofG8 a:bf;dosf] ;b'kof]u klg x'g] / pgsf]nufj klg o;}Dff ePsfn] ^ dlxg]Ao'l6l;og tflnd tyf @ jif] {l8Knf]df ug{ k]|l/t u/]sf] lyP“ .s:tf] k|ltlqmof kfpg'ePsf] lyof] <o; If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ dflg; tcf}+nfdf uGg ;lsg] lyP . To;dflynlntk'/df t Pp6} kfn{/ lyPg . ;a}n]gfOn] ug]{ sfd s] l;sfPsf] eGy] .>LdtLsf] s'g afgL dg kb}{g < pgsf] Pp6f ljlzi6 k|j[lQ 5—ef ]s nfu ]k l5 lzz ' h:tf ]

vfOxfNg'kg]{, lrQa'em\bf] ;fdfglsg]kl5 hlt;Sbf] rf“8f] pkof]uug'{kg]{, o;nfO{ s:tf] afgL eGg]tkfO{+ cfkm} lg0f{o ug'{xf];\ .s'g s'/fdf emu8f x'G5 <lsgd]n ug{ hf“bf xfd|f] /f]hfO km/sx'G5 . t}klg pgL d]/f] OR5f lj?4hfg ;lSbgg\ t/ kl5 oxL s'/faxfgf aG5 . To; afx]s k];fdfklg pgL Jofkfl/s dlxnf, clnsltnlrnf] x'g'kg]{ t/ d hflu/] clkm;/ePsfn] km/srflx+ k5{ .>LdtLsf] gfdn] lrlgbf s:tf] nfU5 <pgsf] gfdn] lrlgg] kfnf] t ev{/}cfPsf] xf] . Tof] eGbf klxn] tpgnfO{ g} g/]Gb| >]i7sL >LdtLeg]/ lrGy] . dnfO{ >LdtL 7"nf], d;fgf] eGg] s'/fdf slxNo} c;lhnf]ePg . pgn] Tof] :yfg xfl;nug{df d]/f] klg of]ubfg 5 .g]jf/L efiff l;sfpg'ePsf] 5 <pgL b'j}lt/sf] ;+:s[lt l;Sg]–l;sfpg] sfd ul5{g\ . ;+o'Qmkl/jf/df a:g] df}sf klg gkfPsfn]xf]nf g]jf/L efiff t ;a} a'em\l5g\t/ k|:6 af]Ng eg] ;lSbgg\ .a'xf/L 5fGg] lg0f{o <d}n] t cfkm\gf] hLjg;fyL cfkm}+n]/f]h]+ . d]/f] 5f]/fn] klg ;fdfhzf:qdfkLPr8L u/]sL Olyof]lkofnL dlxnf/f]h]sfn] d]/f] ljjfx b'O{ /Lltdf eof]eg] 5f]/fsf] rf/ /Lltdf ug{'k¥of] .5f]/Lsf] cefj dx;'; ePg <dnfO{ eGbf klg pgn] 5f]/Lsf] cefjdx;'; u/]sfn] eb}gLnfO{ x'sf{O{–k9fO{ sGofbfg u/L ljjfx u¥of}+ .clxn]rflx+ gfltgLn] klg Tof] cefjk"lt{ ul//x]sL l5g\ .tkfO{+sL >LdtL ;f}Gbo{k|lt slt ;hux'g'x'G5 <>LdtL of] If]qdf nfu]/ dfq xf]Og, dcfkm} klg /fd|f] aGg'kg]{ dflg; .To;dfly klg pRr kbdf a;]kl5 ts/n] klg bf}/f;'?jfn jf 6fO, sf]6lagf t d slxNo} aflx/ lgl:sg“ .

–;+uLtf s6'jfn

;g\ !($) dfs'kG8f]ndf hlGdPsf

g/]Gb| >]i7n] jgclws[tsf ¿kdf ## jif{

sfo{ u/L ljut b'O{jif{b]lv lj>fd lng'ePsf]5. @)@* ;fndf jl/i7

;f}Gbo{ lj1 sdnf>]i7;“u ljjfx aGwgdf

af“lwPsf >]i7sf Ps 5f]/ftyf b'O{ gfltgfltgf 5g\.

cfhef]ln sd ;Gtfpg hGdfpg kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] k|of]u a9Ldfqfdf x'g yfn]sf] 5 .a9\bf] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf ;fwgx¿sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ kl/jf/sf] cfsf/ la:tf/}–la:tf/} ;fgf]x'“b}5 . klxn] tLgj6f ;GtfgnfO{ ;Lldt elgGYof] eg] la:tf/} tLgaf6 b'O{ / b'O{af6 Ps;Gtfgdf kl/jf/ ;Lldt x'g yfln;s]sf] 5 . cfhef]ln ;dosf] dfucg';f/ sltkobDktL Pp6} lzz'sf] dfu ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . h'g cfdfa'afn] of] lg0f{o u/]sf 5g\ tLcfdfafa'n] w]/} lzz' x'“bf pTkGg x'g] ;d:ofx¿af6 klg 5'6\sf/f kfp“5g\ .

bDktLx¿n] Pp6f lzz'nfO{ w]/} Wofg lbPsf] b]lvG5 . p;sf] x/]s sfd ;dod};DkGg x'“bf cfdfafa' cfgGbsf] cg'ej u5{g\ . o;f] ubf{ lzz'sf] :jfefljs ljsf;/f]lsG5 . pgLx¿ :jfjnDaL / cfTdlge{/ aGg ;Sb}gg\ . o:tf] gxf];\ eGgsf nflucfdfafa'n] cfºgf lzz'sf nflu cfjZostfeGbf a9L ;do lbg'x'“b}g . cfºgf]lhDd]jf/L a'em\g] lzz' :jfjnDaL afnssf] ¿kdf ljsl;t x'g ;S5, t;y{ lzz'n]cfkm}“ cfºgf] v]n / sfd 5gf}6 ug'{k5{ .

PSnf] ;Gtfgdf Oiof{ / k|lt:kwf{sf] efjgf pTkGg x'“b}g . w]/};Gtfgsf] t'ngfdf Ps ;Gtfgsf] x]/rfx / k9fOn]vfOdf a9L Wofglbg ;lsG5 . pRr lzIffsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ cfly{s kIfx¿klg cleefjsn] jxg ug{ ;S5g\ .

PSnf] ;Gtfgn] cfkm\gf] pd]/sf ;fyLefO;“u ;do JotLt ug]{afgL a;fNg'k5{ . cfºgf] 3/df ;fyLsf] sdL 5 eg] 5/l5d]ssfafnaflnsfx¿;“u v]Ng] ug'{k5{ . o:tf] afgLn] p;df ;xof]u / ;fdflhs;DaGw agfpg] Ifdtfsf] ljsf; x'G5 . of] p;sf] dfgl;s / ;fdflhsljsf;sf nflu clt cfjZos 5 . Pp6f lzz'sf] ;do k|fou/]/ cfºgfcfdfa'af cyjf cGo jo:sx¿sf] dfemdf laT5 . o;sf] c;/afnaflnsfsf] afgL–Jojxf/ / af]nLdf k5{ . c¿ afnaflnsf o:tfafnaflnsfx¿af6 6f9f x'g vf]H5g\ . oL ;d:ofx¿af6 cfºgf lzz'nfO{arfpg cfdfa'afn] cfºgf] ;Gtfg;“u s]xL If0fsf nflu eP klglzz'jt\ Jojxf/ ug'{sf ;fy} pm;“u v]Ng], s'/f ug]{ ug'{k5{ .

jl/kl/sf afnaflnsfx¿;“u kl/ro u/fpg], ldqtf a9fpg] sfdug'{k5{ . afnsIffx¿df egf{ u/fP/ p;nfO{ cfºgf] pd]/cg';f/sf;fyLefOx¿aLr w]/} ;do latfpg] cj;/ lbg'k5{ . 3/aflx/ lkslgslnP/ hfg'k5{ hxf“ p;n] c¿ afnaflnsfx¿;“u v]ns'b ug]{ / Jojxf/ug]{ tl/sfx¿ l;Sg ;sf];\ . p;sf] x/]s s'/fdf s/fpg], ufnL ug]{ sfdug'{x'“b}g . o;f] gu/, p;f] gv]n eGg]h:tf /f]s6f]sn] afnaflnsfn]cfºgf] Jojxf/ ;lhnf] agfpg ;Sb}gg\ . p;sf] ultljlw xflgsf/sgxf];\ eGg] lsl;dn] p;df Wofg /fVg'rflx“ cfjZos 5 .

s] tkfO{+sf] Pp6} dfq ;Gtfg 5 <

Page 19: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006 @!3/ kl/jf/

cfddflg;nfO{ s] nfU5 eg] k|ltefzfnLk'?ifn] g} ;kmn kltsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{;S5 t/ Jofjxfl/s ¿kn] x]¥of}+ eg] xfdLTo;sf] 7Ls pN6f] kfp“5f}+ . oyfy{df Pp6fk|ltefzfnL k'?ifn] g} gf/L efjgf Pj+ p;sf;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ ;"Idtfk"j{s dx;'; ug{;S5 t/ klg ljZje/ g} k|foM k|ltefzfnLk'?ifsf] j}jflxs hLjg si6s/ b]lvG5 . cem/f]huf/Lsf] cefj, lzIff / k|ltefsf] sb/gx'g] ljZjsf ul/a d'n'sx¿df k|ltefjfg\k'?ifx¿sf nflu j}jflxs hLjg kmnfdsf]Ro"/f;/x x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

ljjfx dfgj hLjgsf] dfgl;s tyfzf/Ll/s cfjZostfx¿sf] cleJolQm xf] .dfgjhflt ;DejtM PSnf]kgaf6 ;a}eGbfa9L ql;t x'G5 / o;af6 d'lQm rfxG5 .csf{tkm{ dflg;sf nflu ef]hg / lgb|fh:t} dfof, k| ]d Pj+ of}g ;Gt'li6sf]klg plQs} cfjZostf x'G5 . cfkm\gf];Eotfsf ] ljsf; qmdd f log }cfjZostfx¿nfO { Jojl:yt 9+un];DkGg dflg;n] ¿kdf ljjfx k|0ffnLsf]l;h{gf u/]sf] x'g'k5{ .

ljjfx k|0ffnLdf ;fdfGotM klt–kTgLn]

cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{ ;|f]t, cfkm\gf of]Uotf, Ifdtf/ cGo ;a} sfo{x¿ Ps–csf{sf nfluclk {t ug ' {kg ] { x ' G5 . ljjfx oxLkf/:kl/stfsf] 8f]/Ldf af“lwPsf] x'G5 .Ps–csf{k|lt ;dk{0f Pj+ Tofu g} j}jflxshLjgsf] cfwf/zLnf xf] .

k|ltefzfnL JolQmx¿ cfkm\gf] ljlzi6u'0f tyf Ifdtfsf sf/0f hLjgsf] nIodfk'Ug t ;S5g\ t/ pgLx¿sf] j}jflxs hLjgeg] ;/n ¿kdf aUg ;Sb}g . pgLx¿sf]of]Uotf / Ifdtf kl/jf/sf] bfo/fleq dfq;Lldt /xg ;Sb}g . cfkm\gf] b]z /;dfhk|ltsf] bfloTj / lrGtfsf sf/0fpgLx¿ kTgLsf] cfjZostf / rfxgfx¿sf]kl/k"lt{ ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . oxL pQ/bfloTj af]wg} p;sf] kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf] c;kmntfsf]7f]; sf/0f aGg k'U5 .

k|ltefzfnL k'?ifx¿ ;dfhsf] vf]6 /sdhf]/Lx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsfsf/0f ToxL ;dfhsf] lgb]{zgdf rNg ;Sb}gg\,a? cfkm\gf] l;4fGtcg';f/ ;dfhnfO{kl/rflnt ug{ rfxG5g\ hxf“ ;Demf}tfsf]l:ylt Hofb} Go"g /xG5 . hals j}jflxshLjg jf:tljstfsf] hLjg xf] . o;dfck]Iffs[t Gofo / clwsf/sf] xf]Og;xgzLntf / a'l4dQf cfjZos x'G5 . x/]sIf0f ;Demf}tf g} j}jflxs hLjgsf] cfwf/ x'g]ePsfn] ;fdflhs hLjgsf] ;'ljwf / sl7gfOb'j} o;df cGtlx{t x'G5g\ .

Ps ;fdfGo gf/L hf] 3/sf] b}lgssfdsfhaf6 yfs]sL x'G5] p;nfO{ dxfg\n]vs, dxfg\ ;flxTosf/, dxfg\ bfz{lgskltsf] s] cy{ x'G5 < hf] cTolws Jo:ttfsfsf/0f kTgLsf] efjgf / OR5fx¿ k"/f{ ug{

;Sb}g . lgM;Gb]x To:tf JolQm ;dfh Pj+b]zsf nflu sNof0fsf/L x'G5g\ t/ Pp6f;fdfGo kTgLnfO { o:tf ] kltsf ] s]cfjZostf jf pkof]lutf < ;fdfGotMgf/Lx¿ o:tf] k'?if rfxG5g\ hf] p;sf]k|]d Pj+ p;sf] ;]jfsf] d"s ;fIfL dfqgagf];\, p;nfO{ dx;'; u/f];\ tyf p;sfcg'e"ltx¿ cleJoQm;d]t u/f];\ .

k|ltefzfnL JolQmx¿ cfkm\gL kTgLnfO{Xbob]lv g} rfxG5g\, pgLx¿sf] k|]d Hofb}kl/:s[t tyf c;fwf/0f x'G5 tyflk pgLx¿cfkm\gf] k|]dnfO{ k|sfzg / k|bz{gsf] :t/dfNofpg ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx¿ cfkm\gf dgleqpln{Psf k|]dsf cg'e"lt Pj+ t/¨x¿nfO{ kTgL–k|]ldsf;fd' JoQm ug{ Hofb} cK7\of/f] dx;';u5{g\ . ;dfh / cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf cGo;b:ox¿sf cl3 cfkm\gL kTgL–k|]ldsfk|ltdfq ;dlk{t ePsf] b]lvg'nfO{ pgLx¿ cfkm\gf]JolQmTjdf wSsf k'u]sf] dfG5g\ . pgLx¿kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:ox¿k|ltsf] pQ/bfloTjaf]wsf sf/0f rfx]/ klg kTgL–k|]ldsfk|ltdfq ;dlk{t x'g ;Sb}gg\ . k|ltefzfnLk'?ifx¿sf] oxL ;Gt'lnt Pj+ lgolGqt;dk{0fnfO{ kTgLx¿ cfkm"k|ltsf] a]jf:tf,cGofo Pj+ cjx]ngf dfGg yfN5g\ .

csf{tkm{ dlxnfx¿ ljBdfg\ ;dfh;“uh;/L klg ;Gt'ng tyf ;fd~h:otf sfod/fVg] w'gdf 3/, 3/sf ;fdfg Pj+ >[+ufl/sj:t'x¿sf] o:tf] bf; aGg k'U5g\ h;sfsf/0f o:tf j:t'x¿sf] bf]xg ug]{ k'?ifnfO{dfq c;n / dxfg\ k'?ifsf ¿kdf lnG5g\ .dlxnfx¿sf] ef}lts j:t'x¿k|ltsf] cltdf]xsf sf/0fn] Pp6f 3/, ;fdfg Pj+uxgfx¿n] el/P klg j}jflxs hLjgaflx/af6 el/k"0f{ t/ leq plQs} vf]qmf] tyfgf/sLo x'G5 . rnfv Pj+ w"t{ k'?ifx¿n]dlxnfx¿sf] o:tf] sdhf]/Lsf] lgd{dtfk"j{skmfObf p7fp“b} cfPsf] xfd|f] ;dfhd} b]Vg;lsG5 . o:tf ef}lts j:t'x¿k|ltsf] cltnufjn] Psftkm{ pgLx¿ cfkm\gf kltnfO{e|i6 Pj+ g}ltstfxLg agfpg k'U5g\ eg]csf{tkm{ :jod\ cfkm"k|ltsf] kltsf] df]x, :g]xtyf dfof–k|]d u'dfO/x]sf x'G5g\ . k|ltefzfnLkltx¿ cfkm"nfO{eGbf tL j:t'x¿k|ltsf]kTgLsf] nufjnfO{ cfkm\gf] cjd"Nogsf ¿kdflnG5g\ . k|ltefzfnL k'?ifx¿ cfkm\gL kTgLaf6dnfO{ c¿ s]xL rflx+b}g, dnfO{ tkfO+{ eP

;a} s'/f k'U5 eGg] cleJolQm ;'Gg rfxG5g\ .kTgLsf] o:tf] cleJolQmn] clt pT;fx, pd+uPj+ ulx/f] cfTdljZjf; pTkGg x'G5 . oltdfqxf]Og pm cfkm"nfO{ ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf efUodfgLk'?if ;Demg yfN5 .

ljZjsf dxfg\ JolQmx¿ ;]S;lko/b]lvlnof] 6N;6o, sfn{dfS;{;Ddsf] j}jflxs hLjg;'vdo x'g ;s]g . z]S;lko/ dflg; xtf/ljjfx u5{g\ / km';{bdf k5'tfp“5g\ eGg k'u] eg]lnof] 6fN;6osf] j}jflxs hLjg Hofb} si6s//x\of] . pgn] cfkm\gf] 8fo/Ldf cfkm\gL k|]ldsfsfljifodf Hofb} /f]df~rs sNkgf u/]sf 5g\ t/pg} k|]ldsf;“u ljjfxkZrft\ h'g s6'tf k}bfeof] h'g pgsf] hLjg ko{Gt;Dd sfod /x\of] .To:t} dxfg\ ljrf/s sfn{dfS;{sf] j}jflxs hLjgklg ;'vdo x'g ;s]g . h] s'/f oL dxfg\JolQmx¿sf] j}jflxs hLjgdf 36] ToxL ;d:ofs'g} g s'g} ¿kdf xfd|} ;dfhsf ljlzi6 lrGts,n]vs, 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/ / clt lgi7fk"j{scfkm\gf] sfo{df nflu/xg] s'g} klg JolQmdf;dfg ¿kdf nfu" x'G5 .

kTgLx¿ kltaf6 s] rfxG5g\ < eGg]s'/f gf/L dgf]lj1fgdf cfwfl/t 5 .dlxnfx¿ kltsf] ;bf;otfaf6 dfq ;Gt'i6x'“b}gg\, pgLx¿ hLjgsf] k|To]s df]8df, k|To]sIf]qdf, kndf tyf k|To]s c+zdf ;bfzotfsf]cleJolQm rfxG5g\ . olt dfq xf]Og pgLx¿cfkm\gf] kltnfO{ P]gfsf ¿kdf kfpg rfxG5g\hxf“ klts} ;fd' :jo+nfO{ b]Vg Pj+ kfpg;lsof];\ . pgLx¿ hLjgsf] Ps ofqfdf Pp6fljZjf;L, e/f];fo'Qm cfkm\gf nflu ;Dk"0f{t;dlk{t tyf ;'/lIft ;fyL rfxG5g\ . Pp6f;fdfGo gf/L Pp6f c;fwf/0f k|ltef;DkGgk'?ifnfO{ kfP/ p;nfO{ cfb/ Pj+ ;Ddfg efjn]x]l5{g\ tyf pgLk|ltsf] elQmaf6 pgsf] Xbok|km'lNnt Pj+ kl/k"0f{ klg x'G5 t/ b}lgshLjgsf cfjZostfx¿df k|ltefjfg\ kltsf]a]jf:tfn] gf/L Xbodf ulx/f] rf]6 k'¥ofO/x]sf]x'G5 . Psftkm{ b}lgs hLjgsf cfjZostfx¿dfgf/Lsf] clt ;fk]Iftf tyf gf/Lx¿ k'/ifnfO{ s]anc;n klt jf c;n lktfsf ¿kdfq dfq x]g{ ;Sg]Ifdtf . k|ltef;DkGg k'?ifx¿sf] b}lgs hLjgsfcfjZostfx¿df lg/k]Iftf tyf gf/LnfO{ afx\opGgltsf nflu afwssf ¿kdf x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fsfsf/0f ck]Iffs[t k|ltefzfnL JolQmx¿sf]j}jflxs hLjg ;'vdo x'g g;s]sf] xf] .

–;'/]Gb| k|wfg

bfDkTo hLjgsf] ;kmntf cfk;LljZjf;sf] w/ftndf l6s]sf] x'G5 . j}jflxshLjgdf Ps–csf{k|lt z+sf jf ;Gb]xn] :yfgkfpg yfNof] eg] ;DaGw 6'6g] ;Defjgf a9L/xG5 . xfdL ;Nnfx, ;'emfj lbg Pj+ bz{gtyf cfbz{sf s'/f ug{ slxNo} kl5 kb}{gf}+ t/h;/L u'? aGg ;xh 5, r]nf klg aGg ;s];d:ofn] hLjgdf sd} :yfg kfp“5 . dfgjLo:jefj / k|j[lQ g} o:tf] 5 ls xfdL pNn]lvts'/fnfO{ jf0fLdf dfq} ;Lldt /fV5f}+, cyf{t\Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ w]/} kl5 k5f}{+ . j}jflxshLjgdf z+sfsf] :yfg :qL Xbodf dfq x'G5jf dlxnfx¿ a9L z+sfn' x'G5g\ eGg] 5}g,k'?ifx¿ klg plQs} z+sfn' k|j[lQsf x'G5g\ .

z+sf jf ;Gb]x k"0f{¿kdf Pp6f dfgl;sk|lqmof xf] . xfd|f cGo efjgf tyf ;+j]ux¿ h:t}of] klg dfgj dl:tisleq x'g] /f;folgs ;|fjsf]kl/0ffd xf] . ctM of] k"0f{¿kn] dgf]j}1flgs k|lqmofxf] / o;sf] jf;:yfg eg]s} dl:tis xf] . oBlkoL efjgf df}nfpg'sf] sf/0f xfd|f] ;fdflhs kl/j]zklg xf] . jt{dfg hLjgz}nLcGtu{t hxf“ dlxnf,k'?if b'j} 3/ aflx/ Ps ;fy sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f5, z+sf ¿kL b'ef{jgf hGdg] ;Defjgf klgplQs} a9]sf] b]lvG5 .

jl;ª\6g ljZjljBfnosf] lrlsT;fljefusf k|d'v 8f= 6fdg xf]D;n] u/]sf]zf]wcg';f/ ;lqmo hLjgz}nL af“lr/x]sf sf]xLklg z+sf–;Gb]x h:tf efjgfaf6 k"0f{¿kn]d'Qm x'g ;s]sf x'“b}gg\ . o;sf] cg'kft eg]JolQmsf] lghL ;f]r cg'¿k sd jf w]/} x'g;S5 . hxf“ cfuf] x'G5, Toxf“ cjZo klgw"jf“ x'G5, of] oyfy{nfO{ gsfg{ g;lsP klgs}og\ cj:yfdf 8f]/LnfO{ ;k{ dfGg] ;f]rklg k}bf gx'g] xf]Og / oxL+af6 cfsf/ lnG5z+sfn] . dgf]ljb\x¿sf cg';f/ xfdL hltz+sfsf] 3]/faf6 aflxl/g] k|of; u5f}{+ Toltg} of] cem a9L km/flsnf] x'“b} hfG5 / o;n]

xfd|f] cfTdljZjf;nfO{ ;d]t k|efljt u5{ .z+sf hGdg] y'k|} dgf]j}1flgs Pj+ ;fdflhssf/0f x'g ;S5g\ .

k"jf{u|xL x'g' Mdg'io :jfefljs ¿kn] k"jf{u|xL x'G5 .

ljjfxk"j{ g} JolQmn] cfkm\gf] hLjgsf af/]dfs}og\ wf/0ff agfp“5 / ldl8ofsf] k|efjn] ubf{p;df To;;DaGwL ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds;f]rfO;d]t df}nfp“5 . ha pm bfDkTo hLjgdfk|j]z u5{ ta klxn] ;'g]sf, b]v]sf 36gf;“u}d]n vfg] s'/fx¿ cfkm\gf] hLjgdf 36\g yfn]sf]dx;'; ug{] lalQs} JolQm z+sfn' aGg yfN5 .

cfTdljZjf;sf] sdL Mha >Ldfg\–>LdtL cfkm"leqsf] s'g} sdL–

sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f xLg efjgfaf6 u|l;t x'G5g\ta Ps–csf{sf] ;DaGwdf z+sf ug{ yfN5g\ .olb cfkm\gf >Ldfg\ cfkm"eGbf cfsif{s 5g\eg] pgL cfkm\gf >Ldfg\dfly z+sf ug{ yflN5g\ .To;}u/L olb cfkm\gL >ldtL cfkm"eGbf sdpd]/sL Pj+ ;'Gb/ klg l5g\ eg] cfkm\gL>LdtLdfly ;Gb]xk"0f{ b[li6n] x]g{] k|j[lQ a9\5 .;du|df eGg'kbf{ o; k|sf/sf] ;d:of cfkm"leqcfTdljZjf;sf] sdLsf sf/0f pTkGg x'G5 .

cw'/f] hfgsf/L Mc+u|]hL ;flxTosf/ k|mflG;; a]sgsf

cg';f/ sd hfgsf/L x'g' jf cw'/f] 1fgn]klg JolQmdf clws ;Gb]x pTkGg u/fp“5 .of] s'/f bfDkTo hLjgdf a9L nfu" x'G5 .w]/}h;f] ha >Ldfg–>LdtLn] s'g} t];|f]JolQmaf6 Ps–csf{sf ;DaGwdf cw'/f]hfgsf/L k|fKt u5{g\ ta ltgdf Ps–csf{k|lt;Gb]x pTkGg x'G5 . h'g ;dosf] cGt/fndfJolQmsf] ljj]s / ;f]r cg';f/ :jtM j[l4x'“b}hfG5 . slxn]sfxL+ tl:a/nfO{ ;xL 9+uaf6x]g{ To;nfO{ cfkm\gf] b[li6af6 6f9f /fv]/klg x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 . lsgls glhssf] s'/faf6klg b[li6e|d pTkGg x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 .

;'/Iffsf] efjgf MbfDkTo ;DaGw cToGt gfh's x'g] ePsfn]

;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] c;fjwfgLn] ;d]t o;df s6'tfpTkGg u/fpg] ;Defjgf /xG5 . ljz]ifu/]/cltjfbL x'“bf c;'/Iffsf] efjgfn] hGd lnG5 .cfkm\gf] lk|onfO{ u'dfpg] 8/ jf pmaf6 6fl9g]sNkgfn] klg JolQmnfO{ z+sfn' agfpg ;S5 .

clws k|]d Mha xfdL s;}nfO{ a9L rfxG5f}+ ta p;nfO{

u'dfpg] 8/ klg plQs} /xG5 . To;}n] xfdLp;nfO{ cfkm"af6 6f9f x'g lb+b}gf}+ . Ps lx;fan]aGwgdf af“w]/ /fV5f}+ / oxL aGwg ha sl;+b}hfG5 ta z+sfn' k|j[lQsf] 3]/f klg a9\b} hfG5 .

elgG5 z+sfsf] s'g} lgjf/0f 5}g . of]k/fnsf] cfuf] h:t} xf] h;n] ;DaGwnfO{lrxfg;Dd k'¥ofpg ;Sg] k|jn ;Defjgf x'G5 .oBlk bfDkTo hLjgnfO{ ;'dw'/ /fVg Ps–csf{k|lt hlt k|]d / :g]x 5 Tof]eGbf a9LljZjf; cfjZos 5 . lsgls ljZjf;d} ;a}s'/f cl8Psf] x'G5 gls ts{ / k|bz{gdf .:j:y b[li6sf]0f, kl/kSj Pj+ pbf/ dfgl;stf,cfk;L ;dembf/L Pj+ OdfGbfl/tf eP s'g}klg k|]d ;DaGwdf z+sf / ;Gb]xn] hGdg]df}sf kfp“b}g . To;}n] bfDkTo hLjg¿kL /ysfb'j} kfª\u|f ;dfg ultdf Pp6} af6f]df,;dembf/Lk"j{s, Ps;fy, k|]dk"0f{ ¿kdf ;ts{tfsf;fy u'8\g' cfjZos 5 .

–/f]lhg zfSo

layf]lng glbpm“

k|ltefzfnL k'?if

;kmn kltaGg ;S5 <

bfDkTo hLjgnfO{

Page 20: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006 @@v]ns'b

lzj zdf{kf]v/f—gLnf] cfsfzel/ 7"nf

kv]6f ePsf] j:t' lgofn]/ sltkot 6f]nfO/xG5g\, r/fr'?ËL g} x'g\ls eg]/ . sf]xLrflx“ xjfO{hxfhePsf] cg'dfg nufp“5g\, t/aflx/af6 kf]v/f cfpg] w]/}sf]cg'dfg d]n vf“b}g . glhs} uP/Ps6sn] x]/]kl5 ;a} hgf b+u kb}{eG5g\—Kof/fUnfOl8ª kf] /x]5 .6f9faf6 kf]v/f 3'Dg cfpg]x¿nfO{eg] Kof/fUnfOl8ª b]v]/ gf}nf] g}nfU5 . kf]v/]nLx¿ eg] o;af6kl/lrt e};s]sf 5g\ .

clxn] kf]v/fdf a9]sf] ko{6sLoultljlw;“u} ;/fªsf]6 / n]s;fO8sf]cfsfzdf cg]s y/LsfKo/fUnfOl8ªsf] tf“tL g} b]Vg kfOG5 .ko{6s a9]/ dfq Kof/fUnfOl8ª p8]sf]xf]Og . c+u|]hL Sofn]G8/sf] cS6f]a/dlxgf ;'? ePkl5 Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf]df};d ;'? x'G5, t/ o; k6s ;]K6]Da/dlxgfsf ] @) tfl/vb] lv g }

Kof/fUnfOl8ªdf p8\g] ko{6sx¿ a9] . xjfO{ v]n Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf]

dHhf lng ljb]zL ko{6sx¿nfnflot x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . kf]v/fsf]Kof/fUnfOl8ªn] w]/} ljb]zLnfO{ o;/Lg} df]xgL nufPsf] 5 . kf]v/fsf]ko{6g cfudgdf Kof/fUnfOl8ª v]nn]klg dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 .If]qLo xf]6n ;+3sf cWoIf nIdLaxfb'/e§/fO{ eG5g\– …Kof/fUnfOl8ª klgkf ]v/ ]nL ko{6gsf ] cfsif {0fxf] .Ú8f“8fsf“8fsf] zo/ ub}{ dfly–dfly cfsfzdf p8\g kfp“bf s;sf]dg rËf x'“b}g / <

xfjfsf] j]udf UnfO8/sf] 8f]/L;dft]/ dfly–dfly p8\g ' g }Kof/fUnfOl8ª xf] . o;nfO{ ;xfl;sxjfO{ v]nsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . ;'?dfp8\bf dgdf qf; k}bf eP klgcfsfzdf p8]]kl5;a} 8/ lgld6ØfGgx'G5 . kf]v/fsf] 6fj/ ;/fªsf]6dflyaf6 alQ“b } n ]s;fO8sf ]vx/]kmf“6df Kof/fUnfOl8ª ptfg]{ko{6sx¿sf] x"n cfhef]ln lbgx'“ b]VgkfOG5 . cfsfzsf] zo/df ljb]zLx¿b+ubf; x'“b} /dfO/x]sf 5g\ olta]nf .

xftsf] ;xfotfn] rnfpg ;lsg] ljgfOlGhgsf] Kof/fUnfOl8ªdf b'O{hgf;Dd r9\g ;lsG5 .

x'g t Kof/fUnfOl8ª v]ng]kfndf lelqPsf] gf} jif{ e};s]sf]5 . of] cjlwdf o;n] y'k|} ljb]zLko{6s tfg]sf] :yfgLo ko{6gJoj;foLx¿ atfp“5g\ . To;f] tkf]v/fsf] Kof/fUnfOl8ª ljZj ko{6guGtJosf] kf“rf}+ :yfgdf klg k5{ .g]kfnsf] xsdf Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf nflu;/fªsf]6 / kf]v/f cf;kf;sf]e"efunfO{ pko'Qm dflg“b} cfPsf] 5 .s]jn Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf] dHhf lngdfq} klg ljb]zL ko{6sx¿ oxf“ cfpg]u/]sf 5g\ .

kf]v/fsf] jftfj/0f cfkm}+df;'/Do 5 . ToxL ;'Gb/ b[ZonfO{cf“vfdf 6f“;]/ cfsfzdf ljr/0f ubf{s;sf] dg k|km'Nn x“'b}g / < p8\g]x¿dfq xf]Og, p8]sf] x]/]/ gyfSg]x¿klg x]bf{x]b}{ cfsfzdf x/fp“5g\ .;/fªsf ]6sf ] 6fj/df a;]/Kof/fUnfOl8ª p8]sf] x]/]/ cfgGblng]x¿sf] eL8 klg ;fgf] x'“b}g .

;fxl;s v]n ePsfn] sltko

ko{6s ;'?df r9\g 8/fpg] u/]sf]KofUnfOl8ª ;~rfnsx¿sf] syg5, t/ klg :jb]zLeGbf ljb]zLn] g}a9L Kof/fUnfOl8ªdf p8]/ cfgGblng] u/]sf 5g\ . dx“uf] z'Nssfsf/0f klg g ]kfnLx¿Kof/fUnfOl8ªdf p8\g ;Sb}gg\ .

g ]kfnLn] Ps 306fKof/fUnfOl8ªdf r9]sf] $ xhf/ %;o / ljb]zLx¿n] % xhf/ ltg'{k5{ .g]kfndf klxnf] k6s ;~rfngdfcfPsf] Kof/fUnfOl8ª ;g/fOhsfk|aGws /fh]z adhg x'g\ . pgLg]kfns} klxnf] Kof/fUnfOl8ªkfOn6sf ¿kdf kl/lrt 5g\ . ljut5 jif{b]lv kfOn6sf ¿kdf kf]v/fdf/x]/ Kof/fUnfOl8ª p8fp“b} cfPsf:jLh/NofG8sf 8]le8 klg v';L 5g\ .…l;hg ;'? gx'“b} Kof/fUnfOl8ªp8\g]x¿sf] tf“tL nfUg yfNof],Ú cfkm\gf]nfdf] skfn ldnfp“b} pgn] eg]–…Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf nflu kf]v/f ljZjs}dxŒjk"0f{ 8]:6Lg];g x'“b} uPsf] 5 .Úkf]v/fdf csf{ ljb]zL kfOn6 5g\a]nfotsf P8d . pgL gf} jif{b]lvkf]v/fdf Kof/fUnfOl8ª p8fp“b}

cfPsf 5g\ . kf ]v/fdf csf] {Kof/fUnfOl8ª p8fpg] sDkgL klg5 An"–:sfO{ Kof/fUnfOl8ª .

An"–:sfO{ Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf;~rfns gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLeG5g\– …of] jif{ Kof/fUnfOl8ª p8\g]ko{6s bf]AAf/ eP .Ú ko{6sx¿Kof/fUnfOl8ªs} nflu ljb]zaf6cfpg] qmddf tLj|tf cfPsf] pgn]

atfP . Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf] /fd|f] eljiob]v]/ g} An"–:sfO{ Kof/fUnfOl8ªn]rf“8} g} oxf“ Kof/fUnfOlª ljBfnovf]Ng] tof/L;d]t u/]sf ] 5 .;fxl;s v]nsf dfWodjf6 ko{6gsf]ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] p2]Zon]oxf“ a;]{lg cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf]Kof/fUnfOl8ª k|ltof]lutf klgcfof]hgf x'“b} cfPsf] 5 .

dfwj cof{nkfNKff— lx+8]sf uf8L 3rSs

/f]lsG5g\ / cfsfzlt/ x]5{g\ .lx+l8/]xsf dflg; klg /f]lsP/ pt}x]g{ yfN5g\ . s]6fs]6L, o'jfo'jtLdfq xf]Og, a"9f–a"9Ln] cfsfzlt/d'G6f] gnuL ;'v} kfp“b}gg\ \ .cfsfzlt/ /ËL–la/ËL r/f pl8/x]sf5g\ . To;kl5 pgLx¿ eGgyfN5g\— …x]/ t dfl:t/ .Ú ghfGg]n]eG5g\— s] p8]sf] xf] To:tf] <hfGg]n] ;Demfp“5g\— Kof/fUnfOl8ªxf] . rf/–kf“r jif{kl5 kfNkfdf km]l/b]lvg yfn]sf] of] /ldtfn] ;a}nfO{xlif{t t'Nofp“5 .

rf/–kf “r jif {otfKof/fUnfOl8ªsf nflu k|z:tko{6s cfPsf 5g\ kfNkfdf .k6s–k6s ljleGg b]zsf ko{6sKof/fUnfOl8ªsf nflu tfg;]gcfpg yfn]kl5 tfg;]g / l5d]sLuflj;sf afl;Gbfx¿ klg /dfpgyfn]sf 5g\ . xNofG8, ¿;,Oª\NofG8, Sofgf8f tyf c:6«]lnofaf6

cfPsf ko{6sx¿n] tfg;]gdfKof/fUnfOl8ªsf] dhf lng] u/]sf 5g\ .

ko{6sx¿ v'nf cfsfzaf6kxf8sL /fgL tfg;]g / o;sfl5d]sL uflj;x¿sf] b'O{ 306fhltcjnf]sg u5{g\ . of] b[Zo x]g{tfg;]gjf;L 3/sf] 5tdf gr9L5f8\b}gg\ . UnfOl8ªkl5 xNofG8sfko{6s cfosLsf] k|ltlqmof lyof]—…w]/} /fd|f] nfUof], d c¿nfO{ klgo;sf] hfgsf/L u/fp“5'Ú .

pgL dfq xf]Og, cfsfzdfp8 \g] ;a }sf ] egfO x ' G5—…tfg;]g Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf nflupTs[i6 5, o;sf af/]df ;a}n]yfxf kfpg'k5{,Ú kf]v/f 3'Dg cfpg]ko{6snfO{ tfg;]gsf af/]dfhfgsf/L kfPkl5 oxf“ cfp“5g\ .

tfg;]gdf hgj/L / km/j/LdfKof/fUnfOl8ª ug'{ pQd dflgG5 .Sofgf8]nL ko{6s k|m]8n] eg]—xfjfsf sf/0f UnfOl8ª ug{ ;lhnf]x'G5 . xfjf a9L rNof] eg] cf]ln{g]a]nfdf ;d:of x'g] pgn] atfP .

km]l/ r9\of] kf/f] Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf]Kof/fUnfOl8ª tfg;]gdf klg

O:6g{ PGkmf RoflDkoG; lnuw/fg Ps]8]dLdf afn v]nf8L/fh' l3l;ª

w/fg– w/fg km'6an Snan]rf/ jif{b]lv ;~rfng ul//x]sf]w/fg Ps]8]dLn] bf];|f] Aofrsf lglDt@) hgf afnv]nf8L 5gf}6 u/]sf]5 . ut zlgaf/ ;DkGg kmfOgnr/0faf6 !@ b]lv !$ jif{ pd]/;d"xsf afnv]nf8LdWo] @) hgfPs]8]dLsf lglDt 5flgPsf x'g\ .

5flgPsf afnv]nf8Lx¿nfO{cleefjsx¿;“usf] ;Demf}tfkl5rf/ jif{sf nflu a;]{lg gjLs/0fx'g] u/L cg'aGw ul/Psf] 5 . w/fgPs]8]dLsf v]nf8Lx¿n] Snasf]:jLs[ltlagf cGo Snaaf6 v]Ngkfpg]5}gg\ . k|lzIfssf] Joj:yfu/L b}lgs ¿kdf pgLx¿nfO{k|lzIf0f lbOg] Ps]8]dL ;+of]hsls/0f zdf{ atfp“5g\ .

/fli6«o v]nf8L pTkfbg ug{]p2]Zon] Ps]8]dL ;~rfng ul/Psf];+of]hs zdf{n] atfP . pGglt ug{g;Sg] v]nf8Lsf] cg'aGw Psjif{kl5 gjLs/0f x'g]5}g . Ps]8]dLsflglDt ;fd'bflos ljBfnodfcWoog/t afnv]nf8Lx¿nfO{ dfq5flgPsf] 5 . lghL ljBfnosf]

afx'No /x]sf] klxnf] Aofraf6 /fd|fv]nf8L pTkfbg x'g g;s]kl5;fd 'b f los ljBfnosfljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOPsf]xf] . zdf{ eG5g\– …lghL ljBfnodfw]/} k6s x'g] k/LIffn] v]ndf afwfk¥of] . xfdL ca cfly{s ¿kdfsdhf]/ kl/jf/af6} cAan v]nf8LpTkfbg ug{ rfxG5f}+ .Ú

Ps]8]dL ;~rfngsf lglDtw/fg gu/kflnsfn] Ps nfv ?k}of“pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . af“sL /sdJolQmut ;xof]uaf6 h'6fOg] w/fgkm'6an Snasf pkfWoIf OGb'/;fOnLn] atfP . dlª\;/ ( ut]

;~rfngdf cfPsf] klxnf] r/0faf6! ;o @) hgf tyf bf];|f] r/0faf6#) hgf afnv]nf8L -k|bz{gsfcfwf/df_ r'lgPsf lyP .

kmfOgn r/0faf6 Ps]8]dLsflglDt j;Gt /fO{, j;Gt aflgof“,dGbLk a'9fyf]sL, eLd lnDa", /0fjL/ah|frfo{, clgn /fO{, u0f]z du/,lbj; v8\sf, v]daxfb'/ lnDa" tyfPnaL ;'Aaf 5gf}6 ePsf 5g\ . To:t}5gf}6df k/]sf afnkm'6an/df s'naxfb'/>]i7, ls/0f tfdfª, bLk]z du/, hLjgsfsL{, hLjg tfdfª, dgLif /fO{, ;'zLnlnDa", clgn dlNns, l;dn vqLtyf /l;s lnDa" klg 5g\ .

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/w/fg– clvn g]kfn km'6an

;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf k"jf{~rnsfkm'6an Snax¿aLr …O:6g{ PGkmfRoflDkoG; lnuÚ ;~rfng x'g]ePsf] 5 . cfufdL k'; !% ut]k|f/De x'g] pQm If]qLo lnusf]tof/L clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf]PGkmfsf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf tyf lnusf;+of]hs lszf]/ /fO{n] atfPsf5g\ . xf]d PG8 cj]sf cfwf/df (lhNnfsf PGkmf lnu ljh]tfSnax¿n] O:6g{ PGkmf RoflDkoG;lnudf k|lt:kwf{ ug]{5g\ .

6]Ds] km'6an Sna ;'g;/L,/f/f Sna wgs'6f, /dfOnf] :kf]l6{ªSna df]/ª, gu/–!! Onfd, w|'jtf/f:kf]l6{ª Sna emfkf, o'gfO6]8 Snakf“ry/, Pstf ;d"x pbok'/,l;/fxf o'y Sna l;/fxf, Go" lqo'uf:kf]l6{ª Sna ;Kt/L cf–cfkm\gf]lhNnfdf lnu ljh]tf x'“b} If]qLolnusf lglDt 5flgPsf 5g\ .k"j]{nL Snax¿sf] 5ftf ;+u7gk "j f { ~rn k m ' 6an SnasfcWoIf lbnLk /fO{sf cg';f/xf ]d PG8 cj] Dofraf6 k|fKt

c+ssf cfwf/df dflyNnf] # :yfgdf/xg] l6d lnusf] kmfOgn r/0fdfpkflwsf lglDt le8\g]5g\ .

lnu RoflDkog x'g] SnanfO{k'/:sf/:j¿k gub Ps nfv ?k}of“tyf 6 «k m L k |b fg ul/g ]5 .pkljh]tfn] %) xhf/ tyf t];|f]

:yfgdf /xg] Snan] @% xhf/?k}of“ k|fKt ug]{5g\ . lnudf s'n@$ Dofr v]nfOg]5 . l6s6laqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd 3/]n' l6dnfO{g} lbOg]5 . lnu ;~rfngsflglDt ( nfv %) xhf/ ?k}of“sf]cg'dflgt ah]6 5'6\ofPsf] 5 .

Page 21: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006v]ns'b @#

bf]xf Pl;of8df g]kfnsf] pknlAw z"Go

sf7df8f}+– ;g\ @))^ sf]clGtd eJo v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfsf¿kdf Pl;ofnL v]ns'b clxn]stf/sf] /fhwfgL bf]xfdf ;~rfnge}/x]sf] 5 . ut z'qmaf/ k|f/De ePsf]of] v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf cfufdL;ftf;Dd hf/L /xg]5 . Pl;ofsf];jf{lws 7"nf] v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfsf]of] !% cf}+ ;+:s/0fnfO{ cfof]hsn]clxn];Dds} ;jf{lws eJo Pl;ofnLv]ns'b k|ltof]lutf 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ .pb\3f6g ;df/f]x, ;xefuL v]nsf];+Vof tyf k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf:yncflb sf/0fn] klg cfof]hssf] bfaLnfO{c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg] 7fp“ 5}g .

;g\ !(%! df ef/tsf] lbNnLdfklxnf] ;+:s/0f cfof]hgf ePb]lvcfkm\gf] ;xeflutf hgfp“b} cfPsf]g]kfnn] Pl;ofnL v]ns'bdf o;k6sklg cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt hgfPsf] 5 .;g\ !(*^ df blIf0f sf]l/ofsf]/fhwfgL l;of]ndf ;DkGg !) cf}+Pl;ofnL v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfdf klxnf] k6ssf+:o kbs lht]/ kbs tflnsfdf b]vf

eP klg bf];|f] lbgsf] v]ndf eg] ;+o'Qmc/a Old/]6\;sf u|fG8df:6/nfO{k/flht u/] . a'l4rfn v]nsf]Oltxf;df o;/L s'g} g]kfnL v]nf8Ln]s'g} csf]{ b]zsf] u|fG8 df:6/nfO{k/flht u/]sf] of] klxnf] cj;/ xf] .klxnf] lbg k/flht ePsf z"/jL/nfdfn] klg bf];|f] lbg l;l/ofsfu|fG8df:6/nfO{ k/flht u/] .

o;aLr sf]nDaf] ;fudf /htkbs lht]sL h'8f] v]nf8L b]j' yfkft'ls{ldlg:tfgsL v]nf8Laf6 tyft];|f] lbg /~h' /fO{ rLgsL v]nf8Laf6k/flht ePkl5 h'8f]df g]kfnsf] cfzf;dfKt ePsf] 5 . !% cf}+ Pl;of8dfg]kfnsf tkm{af6 alS;ª v]ndf;xefuL Ps dfq k|ltof]uL ;'zLnl3ld/] klxnf] r/0faf6} aflxl/Pkl5alS;ªdf g]kfnsf] cfzf ;dfKtePsf] 5 . b;f}+ ;fudf alS;ªdf/ht kbs lht]sf l3ld/] ̂ $ lsnf]u|fdtf}n ;d"xsf] k|lt:kwf{df >Ln+sfsfv]nf8Låf/f c+ssf cfwf/df k/flht eP .

kf“rf}+ lbgsf] v]ndf g]kfnn];km\6 6]lg; / a'l4rfn v]ndf klglg/fzf a ]xf ]g ' {k¥of ] . ;km \66]lg;cGtu{t kf“rf}+ lbgsf] v]ndfg]kfnsf s[i0faxfb'/ /fpt /Zofds'df/ nfdfn] Ps–Ps v]ndf;kmntf xft kf/]/ csf]{ v]ndf k/flhtx' “b } k|ltof]lutfaf6 aflxl/P .a'l4rfndf gjf}+ r/0fdf k|j]z ug]{qmddf ljndnfn >]i7n] $@ hgfk|ltof]uLdWo] @% cf}+ :yfg k|fKt u/]eg] csf{ k|ltof]uL z'/jL/ nfdfn]#% cf}+ :yfg k|FKt u/] .

k/]sf] g]kfnn] Pl;ofnL v]ns'bk|ltof]lutfaf6 ;jf{lws 7"nf] kbsa}+ss Pl;of8df xft kf/]sf] lyof] .;g\ !((* df a}+ssdf ;DkGg !#cf}+ Pl;of8df g]kfnsf tkm{af6;ljtf /fhe08f/Ln] t]SjfGbf]df /htkbs lht]sL lyOg\ . g]kfnn] o;k6sklg ljutsf Pl;ofnL v]ns'bk|ltof]lutfdf eGbf /fd|f] k|bz{g ug]{cfzf /fv]sf] 5 t/ g]kfnsf] ;kmntf;f]r]h:tf] ;lhnf] eg] 5}g .

>Ln+sfsf] /fhwfgL sf]nDaf]df;DkGg !) cf} + + ;fu v]ns'bk|ltof]lutfdf ;xeflutf u/]sfclwsf+z v]nf8L clxn] !% cf}+Pl;ofnL v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfdf klgg]kfnsf] k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf 5g\ .cg'ej Pj+ ;kmntfsf cfwf/df clxn]Pl;of8df k|:t't ePsf v]nf8Lx¿g]kfnL kl/k|]Ifdf pTs[i6 eP klgPl;ofnL :t/sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGg]s '/f k | ltof ] lutfsf ] glthfn]b]vfpg]5 . blIf0f Pl;ofnL v]ns'bk|ltof]lutfdf g]kfnn] ;f]r]cg';f/sf]

;kmntf kfpg g;s]sf] s'/f v]nf8Ln]dfq geP/ v]ns'bsf gLltlgdf{tfx¿n] ;d]t :jLsf/ u/]sflyP . blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qdf ;kmntfkfpg sl7g e}/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodfg]kfnn] Pl;ofnL If]qaf6 7"nf];kmntsf] cfzf g/fv] x'G5 .

!% cf} + Pl;ofnL v]ns'bk|ltof]lutfsf] klxnf] lbg g]kfnLv]nf8Lx¿n] lg/fzf ef]u] klg /fli6«ov]ns'b kl/ifb\ tyf cGo lgsfox¿n]Tof] lbgsf] k|bz{gnfO{ g]kfnsf];kmntf dfg]sf 5g\ . ;'l6ª v]nsf]Po/ /fOkmnsf] klxnf] lbgsf]k|lt:kwf{df eujtL vqL, cl:dtf /fO{tyf km"ns'df/L Sofk5fsL k/flhteP t/ eujtLn] kfPsf] # ;o *@c+s, cl:dtfn] kfPsf] # ;o &% c+s/ km"ns'df/Ln] kfPsf] # ;o *)c+sn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;g\ @))* sf]cf]nlDks k|ltof]lutfdf ;fd]n x'g]of]Uotf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL lbg;DkGg k'?if !) ld6/ Po/ /fOkmndfg]kfnsf cl;d ofbjn] %! hgf

k|ltof]uLx¿dWo] $% cf}+ :yfgdf lrQa'emfpg'k¥of] . klxnf] lbgsf] klxnf]v]ndf g]kfnn] ;km\6 6]lg;df klgPstkmL{ k/fhosf] ;fdgf u¥of] .d]G; l6d Oe]G6\;sf] klxnf] lbgsf]v]ndf g]kfnn] hfkfg;“u #–) sf];f]emf] k/fhosf] ;fdgf u¥of] . cleif]semf tyf /fh' gu/sf]6Lsf] hf]8Lhfkfgsf v]nf8Låf/f %–! sf] ;]6dfk/flht eP eg] s[i0faxfb'/ /fpt$–) / Zofd nfdf tyf bLk]Gb|yfkfsf] hf]8L %–) sf] ;f]emf] ;]6dfk/flht eP . s[i0faxfb'/ /fpt $–) n]k/fhLt eP klg l8Knf]df k|fKt ug{ ;kmn

eP . of] ;kmntfn] /fptnfO{ klg cfufdLcf]nlDks k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'g;Sg]cj;/ h'6fPsf] 5 . /fptn] k|ltof]lutfdfk/flht eP/ klg kfPsf] l8Knf]dfnfO{g]kfn ;km\6 6]lg; ;+3sf cWoIfljgoljqmd /f0ffn] dxŒjk"0f{ pknlAwdfg]sf 5g\ .

klxnf] lbgsf] v]ndf g]kfnLv]nf8Lx¿n] a'l4rfndf klg k/fhosf];fdgf ug'{k¥of] . a'l4rfnsf] ¥oflk8/fpG8df ljndnfn >]i7 pHj]ls:tfgtyf z"/jL/ nfdf OG8f]g]l;ofsfv]nf8Låf/f !–) n] k/flht eP .ljndn] klxnf] lbgsf] v]ndf k/flht

clxn];Dds} eJo pb\3f6gIf]qkmn tyf hg;+Vofsf] lx;fan] ljZjs} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dxfb]z

Pl;ofsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf stf/sf] /fhwfgL bf]xfdfclxn];Dds} ;a}eGbf eJo ¿kdf pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf ;fy k|f/DeePsf] lyof] . Pl;ofsf $% /fi6«n] ;xeflutf u/]sf] of] k|ltof]lutfsf]pb\3f6g ;df/f]x sl/a # 3G6f rn]sf] lyof] . bf]xfsf] vlnkmf /+uzfnfdf;DkGg pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf dfgj ;Eotfsf] pTkltb]lv clxn]sf] ;"rgfk|ljlwsf] o'u;DdnfO{ lrq0f ul/Psf] lyof] . clwsf+z b]zsf df}lnsg[To Pj+ snf k|:t't ul/Psf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf sl/a ^ xhf/snfsf/ ;xefuL lyP . ;g\ @))) sf] l;8\gL cf]nlDks k|ltof]lutfsf]pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf] lgb]{zg u/]sf 8]la8 clTsG;n] !% cf}+ Pl;ofnLv]ns'b k|ltof]lutfsf] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf] klg kl/sNkgf u/]sf lyP .pgsf] kl/sNkgfnfO{ %) xhf/ bz{sn] k|ToIf ;fy lbPsf lyP .pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf stf/sf /fli6«o v]nf8L dxdb vlnkmfn] 3f]8fdfr9]/ %) ld6/ dfly uO{ cf]nlDks bLk k|Hjlnt u/]sf lyP . stf/sfcdL/ z]if xdfb lag vlnkmf cntfgLn] v]n k|f/De ePsf] 3f]if0ffu/]kl5 ljlwjt\ ¿kdf Pl;of8 k|f/De ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g ;df/f]xkl5blIf0f sf]l/of / pQ/ sf]l/ofn] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf dfr{kf; u/]sf lyP .c+u|]hL j0f{dfnf cg';f/ ul/Psf] pQm dfr{kf;df ckmuflg:tfg klxnf]k+lQmdf lyof] . g]kfnsf tkm{af6 !) cf}+ ;fudf ef/f]Qf]ngtkm{ :j0f{kbs ljh]tfsf sdnaxfb'/ clwsf/Ln] /fli6«o emG8f af]s]sf lyP .

Page 22: himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.ukhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/saptahik/... · 2015-10-27 · Dec. 8, 2006

x]d/fh 1jfnLåf/f sflGtk'/ klAns];G; -k|f=_ ln= sf nflu k|sflzt tyf d'lb|t, sfof{no M sflGtk'/ sDKn]S;, ;'ljwfgu/, kf]=a=g++= ^)!(, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn, kmf]g g+= $$*)!)), km\ofS; M(&&–!–$$&)!&*, email:[email protected] btf{ g++= ((÷)%!÷%@, ;jf{lwsf/ M sflGtk'/ klAns];G; -k|f=_ln= ;“u ;'/lIFt k|aGw lgb]{zs M s}nfz l;/f]lxof, lgb]{zs M ljgf]b/fh 1jfnL÷:jl:tsf l;/f]lxof, ;Dkfbs M ;'jf; 9sfn

clGtd kftf] @$d+l;/ @@, @)^# Dec. 8, 2006

x/]s dlxgfsf] ! ut]

gf/L dfl;s