© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. CHAPTER NINE PGS. 273 - 300 MRS. WHEELER / MR. RATH Weight Management

© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Chapter NinePgs. 273 - 300

Mrs. Wheeler / Mr. Rath

Weight ManagementWeight Management

Current TrendsCurrent Trendspg. 274pg. 274

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The National Institutes of Health reports the following:The National Institutes of Health reports the following: About 68% of American adults are overweightAbout 68% of American adults are overweight More than 33.8% of American adults are obeseMore than 33.8% of American adults are obese In 2007-2008, 32.2% of adult men and 35.5% of adult In 2007-2008, 32.2% of adult men and 35.5% of adult

women are obesewomen are obese From the National Center for Health Statistics, 24% of From the National Center for Health Statistics, 24% of

Americans age 18-29 are obese.Americans age 18-29 are obese. From the American Medical Association, one-third of From the American Medical Association, one-third of

American children are at risk of becoming overweight.American children are at risk of becoming overweight. Controlling body weight is really a matter of controlling Controlling body weight is really a matter of controlling

body fatbody fat Managing body weight is not a mysterious process, even Managing body weight is not a mysterious process, even

though it is not fully understood by many peoplethough it is not fully understood by many people The “secret” is balancing calories consumed with The “secret” is balancing calories consumed with

calories expended in daily activitiescalories expended in daily activities


Weight of Americans Age 20 and Olderpg. 274pg. 274

Percent PercentGroup Overweight ObeseBoth sexes 68.0 33.8All races, male 72.3 32.2All races, female 64.1 35.5White, male 72.6 31.9White, female 61.2 33.0African American, male 68.5 37.3African American, female 78.2 49.6Latino, male 79.3 34.3Latino, female 76.1 43.0

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Health Implications of Health Implications of Overweight and ObesityOverweight and Obesity

pg. 274pg. 274

As rates increased in the United States, so has the As rates increased in the United States, so has the prevalence of health conditions, including:prevalence of health conditions, including:

CVDCVD HypertensionHypertension Certain forms of cancerCertain forms of cancer Type II diabetesType II diabetes Premature deathsPremature deaths

Moderate weight loss can have a significant Moderate weight loss can have a significant positive impact on healthpositive impact on health

A weight loss of just 5-10% can reduce the risk of A weight loss of just 5-10% can reduce the risk of these conditions in obese individualsthese conditions in obese individuals

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Factors Contributing to Excess Body FatFactors Contributing to Excess Body Fatpgs. 275 - 277pgs. 275 - 277

Genetic FactorsGenetic Factors Contributions to obesity vary widely from 25% to Contributions to obesity vary widely from 25% to

40% of an individual’s body fat.40% of an individual’s body fat.Physiological FactorsPhysiological Factors

Metabolism and energy balanceMetabolism and energy balance RMRRMR

HormonesHormonesLifestyle FactorsLifestyle Factors

EatingEating Physical activityPhysical activity Psychosocial factorsPsychosocial factors

Binge eatingBinge eating

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The Energy-Balance Equationpg. 276pg. 276

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The Food Label7

The Food Label8

Supplement Labels9


Vitamin and Mineral Label10


DIET AND EATING DIET AND EATING HABITSHABITSTotal caloriesTotal caloriesPortion sizesPortion sizes

Energy (calorie) Energy (calorie) densitydensity

Fat, protein, and Fat, protein, and carbohydrate amountscarbohydrate amounts

Eating habitsEating habits

Adopting a Healthy Lifestyle for Adopting a Healthy Lifestyle for Successful Weight ManagementSuccessful Weight Management

pg. 277 - 280pg. 277 - 280

Physical activity and exercise

Thoughts and emotions

› Self-talk

Coping strategies

Permanent weight loss is not something you start and stop. You need to adopt healthy behaviors.

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Doing it yourself Diet books

Dietary supplements and diet aids

›Dietary supplements (can be dangerous and/or

ineffective)›Formula drinks and food bars (long-term weight

loss unlikely)›Herbal supplements (can

be dangerous and/or ineffective)

›Other supplements (can be dangerous and/or

ineffective)

Approaches to Overcoming a Approaches to Overcoming a Weight ProblemWeight Problem

pg. 282 - 288pg. 282 - 288

Weight-loss programsWeight-loss programs Non-commercial Non-commercial

programsprograms Commercial Weight-loss Commercial Weight-loss

programsprograms Clinical Weight-loss Clinical Weight-loss

ProgramsProgramsPrescription drugsPrescription drugsSurgerySurgeryPsychological helpPsychological help

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Body ImageBody Imagepgs. 288 - 289pgs. 288 - 289

Body imageBody image is the mental representation a person is the mental representation a person holds about her or his bodyholds about her or his body

It consists of perceptions, images, thoughts, It consists of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes, and emotionsattitudes, and emotions

A A negative body imagenegative body image is characterized by is characterized by dissatisfaction with body in general or some part of dissatisfaction with body in general or some part of the body in particularthe body in particular

Different cultures have different ideas of the Different cultures have different ideas of the “ideal” body type“ideal” body type

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Severe Body Image ProblemsSevere Body Image Problemspg. 288pg. 288

Poor body image can cause significant psychological Poor body image can cause significant psychological distressdistress

Body dysmorphic disorderBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD): (BDD): Affects about 2% of AmericansAffects about 2% of Americans Related to obsessive-compulsive disorderRelated to obsessive-compulsive disorder Can lead to depression, social phobia, and suicideCan lead to depression, social phobia, and suicide Treated with medication and psychotherapyTreated with medication and psychotherapy

Muscle dysmorphiaMuscle dysmorphia is a disorder experienced by people is a disorder experienced by people who perceive themselves as having small, who perceive themselves as having small, underdeveloped muscles despite being very muscularunderdeveloped muscles despite being very muscular

Acceptance and change: Know the limits of healthy Acceptance and change: Know the limits of healthy change, and don’t measure self-worth on appearancechange, and don’t measure self-worth on appearance

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Eating DisordersEating Disorderspgs. 289 - 291pgs. 289 - 291

An eating disorder is a serious disturbance in eating pattern or behavior characterized by a negative body image and concerns about body weight or body fat Affects about 10 million American females and 1

million malesMajor types of eating disorders:

Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge-eating disorder

Eating disorders affect about 10 million American females and 1 million American males

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Anorexia NervosaAnorexia Nervosapgs. 289 - 290pgs. 289 - 290

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain body weight at a minimally healthy level and an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat Affects 1% of Americans, or about 3 million

Americans, 95% being female Typically develops between ages 12 and 18 Based on a distorted body image Consequences result in severe medical

complications, including death

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Bulimia NervosaBulimia Nervosapgs. 290 - 291pgs. 290 - 291

Bulimia nervosaBulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and by recurrent episodes of binge eating and purgingpurging: : Overeating and then using compensatory behaviors Overeating and then using compensatory behaviors such as vomiting and excessive exercise to prevent such as vomiting and excessive exercise to prevent weight gainweight gain Begins in adolescence (11-12 years) or older (40-60 Begins in adolescence (11-12 years) or older (40-60

years)years) Research suggests that about 5% of college-age women Research suggests that about 5% of college-age women

have bulimiahave bulimia During a binge, a person may rapidly consume During a binge, a person may rapidly consume

thousands of calories.thousands of calories. Binge-purge cycle places tremendous stress on the Binge-purge cycle places tremendous stress on the

bodybody

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Binge-Eating DisorderBinge-Eating Disorderpg. 291pg. 291

Binge-eating disorder is an eating disorder characterized by uncontrollable eating without any compensatory purging behavior

Affects about 2% of American adultsCommon eating patterns are:

Eating very rapidly Eating until uncomfortably full Eating when not hungry Eating alone

This is usually followed by feelings of guilt, shame, and depression

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Must address both problematic eating behaviors and the misuse of food to

manage stress and emotions

Averting a medical crisis by restoring

adequate body weight

Treating Eating DisordersTreating Eating Disorderspgs. 291 - 292pgs. 291 - 292

Dealing with Dealing with psychological aspectspsychological aspects

Stabilizing eating Stabilizing eating habitshabits

Changing behavior Changing behavior patterns and thoughtspatterns and thoughts

Possibly involving Possibly involving medication and/or medication and/or hospitalizationhospitalization

For more suggestions, see the box “If Someone You Know Has an Eating Disorder”

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Weight ManagementWeight Management

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© 2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. CHAPTER NINE PGS. 273 - 300 MRS. WHEELER / MR. RATH Weight Management