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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning1© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Name at least 1 injury to the hip or pelvis that you know of.
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The Hip and Pelvis
© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning3© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the importance of the hip and pelvis as a
support structure for the human body Describe the skeletal structure of the hip and
pelvis List the primary muscles of the hip and pelvis Describe common injuries associated with the
hip and pelvis
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning4© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
The hip is one of the most stable joints in the body strongest joint in body Well protected and surrounded by muscle Freely movable, ball-and-socket joint Attachment site for these muscles:
Back Abdomen Hamstrings & quads Abductors & adductors Gluteals
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning5© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
The pelvis: Transmits weight from axial skeleton to lower
limbs when standing, or to ischial tuberosities when sitting
Provides attachments for various muscles that attach onto and control the lower limbs
Houses parts of the digestive and urinary tracts Houses reproductive systems
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning6© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Ilium: upper & lateral sections of pelvis
Sacrum: 5 fused vertebrae
Ischium: between ilium & pubis; bears weight of body when sitting
Pubis: to the front, below bladder
Coccyx: tailbone
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning7© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Iliac crest: upper ridge of ilium
Greater sciatic notch: space through which sciatic nerve passes
Iliac fossa: concave inner surface of ilium
Obturator foramina: large openings in ischium
Symphysis: line where 2 sides of pubis are fused
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning8© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 8
Female Male
FemaleMale
© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning9© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Hip flexors: Iliopsoas Sartorius Pectineus Rectus femoris
Adductor muscles: A. longus A. brevis A. magnus
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning10© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Hamstring muscles & glutes: aid in hip extension
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning11© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Bursitis Commonly seen in athletes who do not
sufficiently stretch and warm up the outside of the hip
Symptoms: tenderness Treatment: limiting activity, stretching exercises, and
ice massage, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs)
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning12© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Hip fracture Break of the top part of the femur
where it connects to the pelvis Symptoms: severe hip pain Treatment: highly individualized
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning13© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Quadriceps and hip flexor strains Common in sports
requiring jumping, kicking, or repetitive sprinting
Treatment: icing, compression with an elastic wrap, and anti-inflammatory medications
Rehabilitation: progressive and sport specific
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning14© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Hamstring strains Mild or moderate damage in the muscle tissue Completely tearing the muscles or separating
them from connective tendons is a hamstring tear
Symptoms: sharp pain in the back of the thigh, bruising, swelling, loss of strength, and hearing a “pop”
Treatment: RICE, medication, and physical therapy and rehabilitation
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning15© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Adductor (groin) strains Common in sports requiring sudden sideways
changes in direction Treatment: rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory
medications, adductor stretching and strengthening exercises
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning16© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Iliotibial band syndrome Inflammation of iliotibial band
Symptoms: irritation over the outside of the knee joint Treatment: rule out mechanical problems or training
errors, proper footwear, icing the area of pain, and stretching
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning17© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Quadriceps contusions Usually caused by a direct blow to the thigh
Treatment: compression, ice (applied during the first 24 to 48 hours), and crutches
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning18© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Myositis ossificans (calcium deposit) Usually the result of recurrent trauma to a
quadricep muscle that was not properly protected after an initial injury
Symptoms: hard, painful mass in the soft tissue of the thigh and progressive loss of bending motion of the injured knee
Treatment: heat, limitation of joint motion, rehabilitative exercises within the limits of pain; surgery may be necessary
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning19© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Take out one sheet of paper & list all members of this class, one name per line. (Leave plenty of room to the right of each name.)
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning20© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Click Here to Play Hamstring Strain Animation
© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning21© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Iliac crest contusion (“hip pointer”) Painful injury caused by
a direct blow to the hip Symptoms: extreme
tenderness, swelling, and ecchymosis over the iliac crest
Treatment: ice and compression
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning22© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Overuse injuries Cumulative effect of very low levels of stress Include chronic muscle strains, stress fractures,
tendonitis, “snapping hip” (iliopsoas tendon rolls over head of femur), and bursitis
Treatment: rest and exercise different body parts (cross-training)
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning23© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Stress fractures: Pelvis stress fractures occur most often in
runners and dancers Femur stress fractures usually occur in runners
Symptoms: chronic, ill-defined pain over the groin and thigh
Treatment: rest and nonweight-bearing endurance exercises
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© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning24© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 24
Hamstrings/Glutes
Adductor (groin)
Hip flexors
Quadriceps
Calves
© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning25© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning
The hip is a stable joint that is well protected and surrounded by muscle on all sides
The pelvis is made up of several flattened bones that function as a support structure
Injuries to the hip and thigh are very common in athletics
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